Growth And Development | NCLEX Quiz 199

1. A woman who is six months pregnant is seen in antepartal clinic. She states she is having trouble with constipation. To minimize this condition. the nurse should instruct her to

Increase her fluid intake to three liters/day.

Request a prescription for a laxative from her physician.

Stop taking iron supplements.

Take two tablespoons of mineral oil daily.

In pregnancy. constipation results from decreased gastric motility and increased water reabsorption in the colon caused by increased levels of progesterone. Increasing fluid intake to three liters a day will help prevent constipation. The client should increase fluid intake. increase roughage in the diet. and increase exercise as tolerated.Option B: Laxatives are not recommended because of the possible development of laxative dependence or abdominal cramping.Option C: Iron supplements are necessary during pregnancy. as ordered. and should not be discontinued.Option D: Mineral oil is especially bad to use as a laxative because it decreases the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A. D. E. K) if taken near mealtimes.

Explanation

In pregnancy. constipation results from decreased gastric motility and increased water reabsorption in the colon caused by increased levels of progesterone. Increasing fluid intake to three liters a day will help prevent constipation. The client should increase fluid intake. increase roughage in the diet. and increase exercise as tolerated.Option B: Laxatives are not recommended because of the possible development of laxative dependence or abdominal cramping.Option C: Iron supplements are necessary during pregnancy. as ordered. and should not be discontinued.Option D: Mineral oil is especially bad to use as a laxative because it decreases the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A. D. E. K) if taken near mealtimes.

2. The nurse is assessing a four-month-old infant. The nurse would anticipate finding that the infant would be able to

Hold a rattle

Bang two blocks

Drink from a cup

Wave “bye-bye”

The age at which a baby will develop the skill of grasping a toy with help is 4 to 6 months.

Explanation

The age at which a baby will develop the skill of grasping a toy with help is 4 to 6 months.

3. The nurse is caring for a pregnant client. The client asks how the doctor could tell she was pregnant 'just by looking inside.' The nurse tells her the most likely explanation is that she had a positive Chadwick's sign. which is a

Bluish coloration of the cervix and vaginal walls

Pronounced softening of the cervix

Clot of very thick mucous that obstructs the cervical canal

Slight rotation of the uterus to the right

Chadwick’s sign is a bluish-purple coloration of the cervix and vaginal walls. occurring at four (4) weeks of pregnancy. that is caused by vasocongestion.

Explanation

Chadwick’s sign is a bluish-purple coloration of the cervix and vaginal walls. occurring at four (4) weeks of pregnancy. that is caused by vasocongestion.

4. Which of the following is the most appropriate activity for a 5-year-old child?

Squeeze toy.

Board games.

Play-Doh.

Computer games.

In the preschooler. play is simple and imaginative and includes activities such as puppets. play-doh. and coloring book.Option A: Squeeze toys are appropriate for infants.Option B: Board games are appropriate for the school-age child.Option D: Computer games are appropriate for an adolescent.

Explanation

In the preschooler. play is simple and imaginative and includes activities such as puppets. play-doh. and coloring book.Option A: Squeeze toys are appropriate for infants.Option B: Board games are appropriate for the school-age child.Option D: Computer games are appropriate for an adolescent.

5. The nurse is evaluating a new mother feeding her newborn. Which observation indicates the mother understands proper feeding methods for her newborn?

Holding the bottle so the nipple is always filled with formula.

Allowing her seven – pound baby to sleep after taking 1 ½ ounces from the bottle.

Burping the baby every ten minutes during the feeding.

Warming the formula bottle in the microwave for 15 seconds and giving it directly to the baby.

Holding the bottle so the nipple is always filled with formula prevents the baby from sucking air. Sucking air can cause gastric distention and intestinal gas pains.Option B: A seven-pound baby should be getting 50 calories per pound: 350 calories per day. Standardized formulas have 20 calories per ounce. This seven-pound baby needs 17.5 ounces per day. 17.5 ounces per day divided by 6-8 feedings equals 2-3 ounces per feeding.Option C: A normal newborn without feeding problems could be burped halfway through the feeding and again at the end. If burping needs to be at intervals. it should be done by ounces or half ounces. not minutes.Option D: Microwaving is not recommended as a method of warming due to the uneven heating of the formula. If used. the formula should be shaken after warming and the temperature then checked with a drop on the wrist. The recommended method of warming is to place the bottle in a pan of hot water to warm. and then check the temperature on the wrist before feeding.

Explanation

Holding the bottle so the nipple is always filled with formula prevents the baby from sucking air. Sucking air can cause gastric distention and intestinal gas pains.Option B: A seven-pound baby should be getting 50 calories per pound: 350 calories per day. Standardized formulas have 20 calories per ounce. This seven-pound baby needs 17.5 ounces per day. 17.5 ounces per day divided by 6-8 feedings equals 2-3 ounces per feeding.Option C: A normal newborn without feeding problems could be burped halfway through the feeding and again at the end. If burping needs to be at intervals. it should be done by ounces or half ounces. not minutes.Option D: Microwaving is not recommended as a method of warming due to the uneven heating of the formula. If used. the formula should be shaken after warming and the temperature then checked with a drop on the wrist. The recommended method of warming is to place the bottle in a pan of hot water to warm. and then check the temperature on the wrist before feeding.

6. The nurse's FIRST step in nutritional counseling/teaching for a pregnant woman is to

Teach her how to meet the needs of self and her family

Explain the changes in diet necessary for pregnant women

Question her understanding and use of the food pyramid

Conduct a diet history to determine her normal eating routines

Assessment is always the first step in planning to teach for any client.

Explanation

Assessment is always the first step in planning to teach for any client.

7. The nurse in an infertility clinic is discussing the treatment routine. The nurse advises the couple that the major stressor for couples being treated for infertility is usually

Having to tell their families.

The cost of the interventions.

The inconvenience of multiple tests.

The right scheduling of sexual intercourse.

Sexual activity “on demand” is the major cause of stress for most infertile couples.Option A: Having to tell families may also be a factor contributing to stress but is not the major stressor.Option B: Cost may also be a contributing factor to stress but is not usually the major factor.Option C: The inconvenience of multiple tests may also be a factor contributing to stress but is not usually the major factor.

Explanation

Sexual activity “on demand” is the major cause of stress for most infertile couples.Option A: Having to tell families may also be a factor contributing to stress but is not the major stressor.Option B: Cost may also be a contributing factor to stress but is not usually the major factor.Option C: The inconvenience of multiple tests may also be a factor contributing to stress but is not usually the major factor.

8. The nurse is observing children playing in the hospital playroom. She would expect to see 4-year-old children playing:

Competitive board games with older children

With their own toys along side with other children

Alone with hand held computer games

Cooperatively with other preschoolers

Cooperative play is typical of the preschool period.

Explanation

Cooperative play is typical of the preschool period.

9. A pregnant woman is advised to alter her diet during pregnancy by increasing her protein and Vitamin C to meet the needs of the growing fetus. Which diet BEST meets the client's needs?

Scrambled egg. hash browned potatoes. half-glass of buttermilk. large nectarine

3oz. Chicken. ½ C. corn. lettuce salad. small banana

1 C. macaroni. ¾ C. peas. whole glass milk. medium pear

Beef. ½ C. Lima beans. glass of skim milk. ¾ C. strawberries

Beef and beans are an excellent source of protein as is skim milk. Strawberries are a good source of Vitamin C.

Explanation

Beef and beans are an excellent source of protein as is skim milk. Strawberries are a good source of Vitamin C.

10. The nurse is caring for residents in a long-term care setting for the elderly. Which of the following activities will be MOST effective in meeting the growth and development needs of a person in this age group?

Aerobic exercise classes

Transportation for shopping trips

Reminiscence groups

Regularly scheduled social activities

According to Erikson”s theory. older adults need to find and accept the meaningfulness of their lives. or they may become depressed. angry. and fear death. Reminiscing contributes to successful adaptation by maintaining self-esteem. reaffirming identity. and working through loss.

Explanation

According to Erikson”s theory. older adults need to find and accept the meaningfulness of their lives. or they may become depressed. angry. and fear death. Reminiscing contributes to successful adaptation by maintaining self-esteem. reaffirming identity. and working through loss.