Midterms In Physical Science

Isaac Newton is the correct answer because he formulated the laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation, which are collectively known as the law of acceleration. These laws describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting upon it. Newton's laws of motion are fundamental principles in classical physics and have been widely accepted and used for centuries.

Geography is the correct answer because it is the study of the earth's surface and the distribution of raw materials into its regions. It involves examining the physical features, climate, population, and resources of different areas on Earth. Geography helps us understand how the Earth's surface and its resources are distributed and how they impact human activities and the environment.

The number 5.85678 is rounded off to two significant figures by considering the first two digits after the decimal point. Since the digit after the second significant figure (5) is 6, which is greater than or equal to 5, the second significant figure (5) is increased by 1. Therefore, the rounded off number is 5.9.

Electromagnetic energy is the correct answer because it is the type of energy that is carried by electrical charges. Electromagnetic energy includes various forms such as light, radio waves, and X-rays. It is a fundamental force of nature and is responsible for the interactions between charged particles. This type of energy is commonly used in everyday life for various purposes, including communication, transportation, and electricity generation.

Albert Einstein is the correct answer because he is the physicist who developed the Special Theory of Relativity. This theory revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and the relationship between matter and energy. Einstein's theory introduced the concept of the speed of light being constant for all observers and showed that time and space are not absolute but are relative to the observer's frame of reference. His work laid the foundation for modern physics and has had a profound impact on our understanding of the universe.

Speed is the physical quantity that describes motion and is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the time taken. It measures how fast an object is moving and does not take into account the direction of motion. Acceleration, weight, mass, and inertia are all different physical quantities that are not directly related to the product of distance and time.

This data refers to features like texture, odor, and appearance, which are subjective and cannot be measured numerically. Therefore, it is considered qualitative data.

The distance covered by a car can be calculated by multiplying the speed of the car by the time it is moving. In this case, the car is moving at a speed of 35 km/h for 5 hours, so the distance covered is 35 km/h * 5 h = 175 km.

The question is asking for the SI unit for force, which is not given in the customary system. The correct answer is Newton, which is the SI unit for force.

The term "significant" is the correct answer because it refers to the digits in a number that are known with certainty, as well as the first uncertain digit. In scientific notation, significant digits are used to indicate the precision of a measurement or calculation. They are important in representing numeric data accurately and ensuring that the correct level of precision is maintained.

The 9th word in the BPSU Hymn lyrics is "bayani".

Johann Kepler is the correct answer because he formulated the laws of planetary motion. Kepler's laws describe the motion of planets around the sun, providing a mathematical explanation for their orbits. His laws were based on extensive observations made by Tycho Brahe and laid the foundation for Isaac Newton's theory of gravitation. Kepler's contributions to astronomy and physics were significant, making him the most appropriate choice among the given options.

The given question asks for the equivalent of 36.7 cm in meters. Since 100 cm is equal to 1 m, we can convert 36.7 cm to meters by dividing it by 100. This gives us the answer of 0.367 m.

Archimedes is the correct answer because he was an ancient Greek scholar who discovered the principle of buoyancy. He realized that when an object is immersed in a fluid, it experiences an upward force, known as upthrust or buoyant force, which is equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. This principle is now known as Archimedes' principle and is fundamental to the understanding of buoyancy and fluid mechanics.

A theory is a statement of general truth that is supported by organized facts and evidence. It is a well-established explanation or principle that has been extensively studied and tested. The other options, such as assumption, conclusion, and hypothesis, do not necessarily require the same level of evidence and support as a theory does. Therefore, the correct answer is theory.

The word "Country" is the correct answer because it is the 8th word in the given list. The other options, such as "Asia Pacific Region," "Asian," "Philippines," and "South East Asia," do not match the criteria of being the 8th word. Therefore, "Country" is the correct answer based on the information provided.

Reflection is not a type of energy because it is a phenomenon that occurs when light or sound waves bounce off a surface. It is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media. Energy is the ability to do work or cause change, and reflection does not possess this property.

The step labeled number two in the scientific method is "Identify your problem". This is the initial step in the scientific method where the researcher identifies and defines the problem or question that they want to investigate. It involves identifying a specific issue or area of interest that requires further exploration and research.

The law of acceleration states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass. This means that the greater the force applied to an object, the greater its acceleration will be. Therefore, the given statement that the acceleration of an object is equal to the net force applied to it aligns with the law of acceleration.

The correct answer is the law of interaction. According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When a person pushes a table on a frozen lake, the action force of the person pushing the table causes a reaction force that pushes the person and the table in opposite directions. This is an example of the law of interaction in action.

The weight of an object is determined by the gravitational force acting on it. The gravitational force is influenced by the mass of the object and the mass of the planet. In this case, the question is asking why the weight of an object is different on Mars compared to Earth. The correct answer is that the gravitational constant G is different on Mars. This means that the gravitational force exerted on an object on Mars is different than the gravitational force exerted on the same object on Earth, resulting in a different weight.

The correct answer is X-ray and its discoverer is Wilhelm Conrad Röentgen. The passage mentions that the phenomenon discovered by the Nobel laureate could pass through wood, cloth, or muscle but was stopped by metal or bone, allowing images to be taken of bones and bullets without surgery. This description matches the properties of X-rays, which can penetrate soft tissues but are absorbed by denser materials like bones and metals. Wilhelm Conrad Röentgen is credited with the discovery of X-rays, which revolutionized medical imaging.

Mass is the correct answer because it represents the measure of the amount of matter contained in an object. It is a fundamental property of an object and is independent of its location or the effects of gravity. Mass can be measured using various methods, such as using a balance or calculating the force required to accelerate an object. It is different from weight, which is the force exerted on an object due to gravity.

The correct answer is "An object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest unless an outside force acts upon it." This statement accurately describes Newton's first law of motion, also known as the law of inertia. It states that an object will continue to move at a constant velocity in a straight line if no net force is acting upon it, and an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force. This law highlights the concept of inertia, which is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion.

When an object is moving with uniform velocity, it means that its speed and direction are constant. Since acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity, and the velocity is not changing in this case, the acceleration is zero.

A hypothesis is a temporary working explanation to a problem. It is a proposed explanation or educated guess that can be tested through further research and experimentation. Unlike a theory or law, a hypothesis is not yet proven or widely accepted. It serves as a starting point for scientific investigation and can be modified or rejected based on the evidence gathered.

Conversion refers to the skill of converting one unit of measurement to another. This involves understanding the relationship between different units and using conversion factors to make the necessary calculations. It is an essential skill in various fields such as science, engineering, and mathematics. By converting units, accurate measurements can be obtained and compared, allowing for better analysis and understanding of data.

A fundamental unit is a type of unit that can be measured directly without the need for any other units. It is a basic building block of measurement and cannot be derived from any other units. It represents a fundamental physical quantity, such as length, time, or mass. Unlike derived units, which are combinations of fundamental units, fundamental units are independent and cannot be broken down further. Therefore, the correct answer is "fundamental."

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Inertia refers to the apparent resistance an object offers to change in its motion. It is a property of matter where an object tends to stay at rest or continue moving in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted upon by an external force. Inertia is related to the mass of an object, as objects with greater mass have greater inertia. This means that it requires more force to accelerate or decelerate objects with larger mass compared to objects with smaller mass.

The inertia of an object is directly proportional to its mass. Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its motion. Therefore, the object with the greatest mass will have the greatest inertia. In this case, the 55 kg object has the greatest mass and is not moving, so it has the greatest inertia.

Pascal's principle states that when an external force is applied to a confined fluid, the pressure change is transmitted undiminished to all points within the fluid. This means that the pressure exerted by the fluid will be the same at every point, regardless of the size or shape of the container. This principle is the basis for many hydraulic systems, where a small force can be amplified by transmitting it through a confined fluid to produce a larger force at another point.

Optics is the correct answer because it is a branch of physics that deals with the behavior and properties of light, including the phenomena of the photoelectric effect and the production and detection of x-rays. Optics focuses on the study of light, its interaction with matter, and the principles of reflection, refraction, and diffraction. It is concerned with the understanding and manipulation of light and its applications in various fields such as imaging, telecommunications, and laser technology.

The momentum of an object is determined by its mass and velocity. In this case, the momentum of the Volkswagen can be calculated by multiplying its mass (1000kg) by its velocity (40.0 m/s), resulting in 40,000 kg·m/s. Similarly, the momentum of the Explorer can be calculated by multiplying its mass (4000kg) by its velocity (10 m/s), resulting in 40,000 kg·m/s as well. Since both objects have the same momentum, the correct answer is "Same momentum."

Weight is the correct answer because weight is the force exerted by gravity on an object. It is a measure of the gravitational force pulling an object towards the center of the Earth. Weight is dependent on the mass of the object and the acceleration due to gravity.

Chemical energy refers to the energy stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules. When chemical reactions occur, these bonds are broken and new ones are formed, resulting in the release or absorption of energy. This energy can be released in the form of heat, light, or electricity. Therefore, the given answer, "chemical," accurately describes the energy found in the bonds between atoms and matter.

Displacement is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction. Scalars only have magnitude, while vectors have both magnitude and direction. Displacement represents the change in position of an object, and this change can occur in any direction. Therefore, displacement is considered a vector quantity.

The SI system consists of seven fundamental units: kilogram, meter, candela, second, ampere, kelvin, and mole. These units are used to measure different physical quantities. In this case, the correct answer is "kelvin and mole" because they are the two additional fundamental units of the SI system.

The statement "always result to a change in motion and position" is not correct. Force can cause a change in motion and position, but it is not always the case. For example, if an object is already at rest, applying a force to it may not result in any change in its motion or position. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.

The given statement describes the law of universal gravitation, which states that every object attracts every other object with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This law explains the gravitational force between any two objects in the universe, regardless of their size or distance from each other. The law of inertia states that an object at rest will remain at rest, while an object in motion will continue moving at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force. The law of interaction refers to Newton's third law of motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant if there are no external forces acting upon it. The law of acceleration, also known as Newton's second law of motion, states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

Mechanical energy is the correct answer because it is the type of energy associated with a change in motion and direction. Mechanical energy refers to the energy possessed by an object due to its motion or position. It can be either kinetic energy, which is the energy of an object in motion, or potential energy, which is the energy stored in an object due to its position or condition. In the context of the given question, mechanical energy is the most appropriate choice as it encompasses the concept of motion and direction.

The measure of an object's manifested inertia is mass. Mass is a property of matter that determines the amount of inertia an object has. Inertia refers to an object's resistance to changes in its motion. The greater the mass of an object, the greater its inertia and the more force is required to change its motion. Therefore, mass is directly related to an object's manifested inertia.

The law of acceleration states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. When a spring is cut, the object with a greater mass will experience a smaller acceleration compared to the object with a smaller mass. As a result, the object with a greater mass will move away at a lower speed. This is because the force exerted by the spring is divided between the two objects, and the one with a smaller mass will experience a greater acceleration and move away faster.

All four carts will have the same velocity because they have the same mass and experience forces of the same magnitude and duration. According to Newton's second law, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. Since the mass is the same for all the carts, the acceleration will also be the same. Therefore, the final velocity reached by each cart will be the same.

When you push the heavy case upright, the force required to move it will be less compared to pushing it on its side or at an angle. This is because when the case is upright, the force you apply is directly opposing the force of gravity acting on the case. This reduces the overall resistance and makes it easier to push the case.

The number 5.0x10^4 has two significant figures. The significant figures in a number are the digits that carry meaning in terms of precision. In this case, the "5" and the "0" are the significant figures because they are non-zero digits. The "x 10^4" part represents the power of 10 and does not affect the number of significant figures. Therefore, the answer is two.

Temperature and heat are two different concepts. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, while heat is the transfer of energy from one object to another due to a temperature difference. Temperature is a scalar quantity, while heat is a form of energy transfer.

The teacher measures her own mass to an accuracy of better than 1/2 percent. This means that the recorded mass is likely to be within 1/2 percent of the actual mass. Out of the given options, 60 kg and 64.3 kg are the closest to each other and have the smallest difference, making them the most likely recorded masses.