The view that different languages conceptualize the world of experience differently

LINGUISTICS RELATIVITY HYPOTHESIS

Midterm Examination Socscie 1 Michael R. Dupal-ag

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Quizzes Created: 2 | Total Attempts: 175

Questions: 40 | Attempts: 75 | Updated: Mar 19, 2023

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INTRO TO SOCIOLOGY WITH FAMILY PLANNING

Questions and Answers

1.

1. An act or object that has come to be socially accepted as standing for something else.

Explanation
A symbol refers to an act or object that is widely recognized and accepted in society as representing or standing for something else. Symbols carry a deeper meaning and can convey complex ideas or emotions. They are often used in various forms of communication, such as language, art, or rituals, to convey abstract concepts or represent specific groups, cultures, or beliefs. Symbols can have different interpretations and may vary across different cultures or contexts, but they play a crucial role in human communication and understanding.

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2.

1. Learned patterns for thinking, Feeling, and acting that are transmitted from one generation to the next.

Explanation
Culture refers to the learned patterns for thinking, feeling, and acting that are transmitted from one generation to the next. It encompasses the beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a particular group or society. These patterns are passed down through socialization processes and shape individuals' worldview, behavior, and identity. Culture plays a significant role in shaping individuals' perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors, as well as influencing social norms and interactions within a group or society.

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3.

1. Norms which do not exact stringent conformity.

Explanation
Folkways are norms that are not strictly enforced and do not require stringent conformity. They are social customs and behaviors that are considered appropriate within a particular culture or society, but the consequences for violating them are not severe. Folkways are often based on tradition and are followed because they have been passed down through generations. They are considered less important than mores, which are norms that carry a stronger sense of moral significance and are enforced more strictly.

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4.

1. Physical artifacts created by members of a society.

Explanation
Physical artifacts created by members of a society are referred to as material culture. This includes objects such as tools, clothing, buildings, and artwork that are produced and used by people within a particular culture. Material culture provides insights into the beliefs, values, and practices of a society, as it reflects the ways in which people interact with their environment and express their cultural identity. By studying material culture, anthropologists and archaeologists can gain a deeper understanding of past and present societies and the significance of the objects they create.

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5.

1. A social rule that specifies appropriate and inappropriate behavior in given situations.

Explanation
A norm is a social rule that guides individuals on how to behave in different situations. It specifies what is considered appropriate and inappropriate behavior within a particular society or group. Norms help maintain social order and cohesion by providing a shared understanding of expected behavior. They can vary across cultures and contexts, and can be formal or informal. Norms can cover a wide range of behaviors, such as how to greet others, dress, or interact in public spaces. They are important for individuals to navigate social interactions and conform to societal expectations.

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6.

1. Norms which exact strict conformity.

Explanation
Mores refer to the norms or customs that are considered to be morally binding and are widely accepted by a particular society. These norms are usually based on ethical or moral principles and are enforced with strong social sanctions. Mores are more rigid and demand strict conformity compared to other types of norms. They play a crucial role in maintaining social order and cohesion within a community.

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7.

1. Abstract creations like values, beliefs, symbols, norms, customs, and institutional arrangements created by the members of society.

Explanation
The correct answer is "NON MATERIAL CULRURE". This term refers to abstract creations such as values, beliefs, symbols, norms, customs, and institutional arrangements that are created by the members of society. It encompasses aspects of culture that cannot be physically touched or seen, but still hold significant meaning and influence within a society.

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8.

The view that different languages conceptualize the world of experience differently

Explanation
The linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that different languages shape the way individuals perceive and understand the world. It argues that language influences our thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors, as different languages have different structures, vocabularies, and ways of expressing concepts. This hypothesis implies that speakers of different languages may have distinct perspectives and interpretations of the same experiences. It highlights the role of language in shaping our cognitive processes and cultural worldview.

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9.

1. Norms which are enforced by a special political organization with the right to employ force.

Explanation
The given statement describes norms that are enforced by a special political organization with the right to employ force. These norms are commonly known as laws. Laws are established by governments to regulate behavior, maintain order, and ensure justice within a society. They are enforced through various means, including the use of force if necessary. Laws play a crucial role in maintaining social order and providing a framework for individuals to coexist peacefully.

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10.

1. A group of people who live within the same territory and share a culture.

Explanation
A society refers to a group of individuals who reside in the same geographical area and have a common culture. This means that they share similar values, beliefs, customs, traditions, and social norms. Society is characterized by social interactions, relationships, and institutions that shape the behavior and interactions of its members. It provides a framework for individuals to live together and establish social order.

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11.

1. Broad, shared ideas regarding what is desirable, correct, and good.

Explanation
Values refer to broad, shared ideas regarding what is desirable, correct, and good. They are the principles or beliefs that guide individuals or societies in making decisions and judgments about what is important and how to behave. Values can include concepts such as honesty, integrity, fairness, respect, and compassion, among others. They provide a moral compass and influence our actions, attitudes, and choices in various aspects of life.

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12.

1. A social structured system of sounds patterns ( words and sentences) with the specific and arbitrary meanings.

Explanation
Language can be defined as a social structured system of sound patterns, including words and sentences, that have specific and arbitrary meanings. It is a means of communication used by a particular group or community. Language allows individuals to express their thoughts, ideas, and emotions, and it plays a crucial role in human interaction and understanding. Through language, people are able to convey information, share experiences, and transmit cultural knowledge. It is an essential tool for communication and is constantly evolving and adapting to meet the needs of its users.

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13.

1. A value free approach that views people from the perspective of their own culture.

Explanation
The given statement describes a value-free approach that focuses on understanding people from their own cultural perspective. This aligns with the concept of folkways, which are the traditional customs and behaviors of a particular culture. Folkways are learned and passed down from generation to generation and help shape the social norms and expectations within a society. Therefore, the correct answer is folkways.

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14.

1. A subculture at odds with the ways of the larger society.

Explanation
The given statement suggests that there is a subculture that is in conflict with the norms and values of the larger society. This indicates that there are certain groups or communities within a society that have their own distinct beliefs, practices, and behaviors that go against the mainstream culture. These subcultures often emerge as a response to the dissatisfaction or disagreement with the dominant culture, and they provide individuals with a sense of identity and belonging.

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15.

1. The tendency to judge other groups by the standards of one’s own culture.

Explanation
The given statement describes the concept of ethnocentrism, which is the tendency to evaluate and judge other cultures based on the standards and values of one's own culture. This can lead to a biased and limited understanding of other groups, as it fails to consider the unique cultural contexts and perspectives of those groups.

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16.

1. The expectations of a single role are incompatible.

Explanation
Role strain refers to the stress and tension that individuals experience when they have conflicting expectations within a single role. In this case, the explanation for the correct answer is that the expectations of a single role are incompatible, leading to role strain. This suggests that the individual is facing difficulties in meeting the demands and expectations of their role, causing stress and strain.

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17.

1. The interviewing of peoples interactions and relationships in recurrent and stable patterns.

Explanation
The term "social structure" refers to the patterns and relationships that exist within a society. It encompasses the way people interact with each other and the established norms, roles, and institutions that shape their behavior. This concept helps us understand the recurring and stable patterns of social interactions and relationships that occur within a society. It provides insights into the organization and functioning of social groups, institutions, and systems.

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18.

The actual behavior of the person who occupies a status

Explanation
Role performance refers to the actual behavior and actions displayed by an individual who occupies a particular status or role in society. It is the way in which a person fulfills the expectations, responsibilities, and duties associated with their role. Role performance can vary from person to person and is influenced by factors such as personal beliefs, values, skills, and the social context in which the role is performed. It is an important aspect of social interaction and contributes to the functioning and stability of social systems.

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19.

1. The multiple roles associated with a single status.

Explanation
The term "role set" refers to the multiple roles that are associated with a single status. In other words, when a person occupies a particular status in society, they may have to fulfill various roles that are expected of them. These roles can be diverse and may vary depending on the specific context or situation. The concept of role set helps to understand the complexity and diversity of the expectations and responsibilities that come with a particular status.

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20.

1. A key status that carries primary weight in a person’s interactions with others.

Explanation
Master status refers to a key status that holds primary significance in a person's interactions with others. It is a social position that shapes how individuals are perceived and treated by society. This status often overshadows other statuses a person may hold, such as occupation, race, or gender, and heavily influences their social identity and how they are perceived by others. It can have a significant impact on a person's opportunities, relationships, and overall social standing.

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21.

1. Two or more people who share a feeling of unity and are bound together in stable patterns of social interactions.

Explanation
A group refers to a collection of individuals who have a sense of unity and are connected through stable patterns of social interactions. This can include shared goals, interests, or characteristics that bring them together. In a group, members interact with each other and may have a sense of belonging and identity within the group. The concept of a group implies that there is some level of cohesion and cooperation among its members.

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22.

1. Individuals are confronted with conflicting expectations stemming from simultaneously occupying two or more statuses.

Explanation
The given correct answer is "ROLE CONFLICT". This refers to a situation where individuals experience tension or difficulty in fulfilling the expectations and demands of multiple roles or statuses they occupy simultaneously. It occurs when the expectations and responsibilities of one role clash or conflict with those of another role, leading to a sense of strain or imbalance. This can happen, for example, when a person is torn between their responsibilities as a parent and their obligations at work, resulting in conflicting demands and expectations.

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23.

1. A collection of people who share characteristics that is deemed to be of social significance.

Explanation
The given answer, "CATEGORY," is a concise and accurate response to the question. It aligns with the description provided in the question, which states that a category is a collection of people who share characteristics that are deemed to be of social significance. Therefore, "CATEGORY" is the appropriate answer in this context.

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24.

1. The principal instrument whereby the essential tasks of social living re organized, directed, and executed.

Explanation
An institution is the principal instrument whereby the essential tasks of social living are organized, directed, and executed. It refers to a formal organization or establishment that plays a vital role in society by providing structure and guidelines for various aspects of human life. Institutions can include government bodies, educational systems, religious organizations, and financial institutions, among others. They serve as frameworks that help maintain order, regulate behavior, and ensure the smooth functioning of society.

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25.

1. Expectation that defines the behavior which people view as appropriate for the occupant of a status.

Explanation
This question is asking for a term that defines the behavior that people consider appropriate for someone in a certain position or status. The word that best fits this description is "role." A role is the expected behavior and responsibilities that come with a particular position or status in society. It is the set of norms and expectations that people have for someone in that role.

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26.

1. A collection of anonymous individuals who are in one place at the same time.

Explanation
The given definition of "AGGREGATE" matches the explanation provided. An aggregate refers to a collection or group of individuals who are present in the same location at a particular time. This term is commonly used to describe a gathering or assembly of anonymous people.

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27.

1. Actions that we can legitimately insist others perform.

Explanation
Rights refer to the actions or behaviors that individuals are entitled to and can legitimately demand from others. These can include fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, the right to a fair trial, or the right to own property. Rights are essential for maintaining a just and fair society, as they ensure that individuals are treated with dignity and respect, and that their basic needs and freedoms are protected.

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28.

1. A set of assumption and interrelated concepts for depicting the world.

Explanation
A theoretical perspective refers to a framework or lens through which one can understand and interpret the world. It consists of a set of assumptions and interrelated concepts that guide our understanding of various phenomena. This perspective helps us make sense of the world by providing a structured and organized way of thinking about and analyzing different aspects of reality. It allows us to examine and explain social, psychological, or scientific phenomena from a particular standpoint, offering insights and explanations that may not be apparent from other perspectives.

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29.

1. A set of elements that meaning derives from social interaction in daily life.
30.

1. The consequences that are intended and recognized by the participants in a system.

Explanation
The term "dysfunctions" refers to the consequences that are intended and recognized by the participants in a system. This suggests that these consequences are not accidental or unforeseen, but rather they are expected and understood by those involved. Dysfunctions can occur in various systems, such as social, organizational, or biological, and can have negative effects on the overall functioning and effectiveness of the system.

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31.

1. The observed consequences that permit the adaptations of system.

Explanation
The term "functions" refers to the observed consequences that allow a system to adapt. In other words, functions are the outcomes or results that enable a system to adjust or modify itself in response to its environment. These functions can be seen as the purpose or role that a system serves within a larger context. By understanding the functions of a system, we can gain insights into how it operates and how it can be improved or optimized.

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32.

1. Consequences that are neither intended nor recognized by the participants in a system.

Explanation
Latent dysfunctions refer to unintended and unrecognized consequences that occur within a system. These consequences are not intended by the participants, meaning they are not deliberately caused or anticipated. Latent dysfunctions often arise as a result of complex interactions and can have negative effects on the system. They may go unnoticed or be overlooked by the participants, making them difficult to identify and address. Overall, latent dysfunctions highlight the unintended consequences that can occur within a system, even if they are not immediately recognized.

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33.

1. The members of a group participate in the main culture while sharing in another culture.
34.

A GROUP OR TERRITORY WHO LIVE WITHIN THE SAME TERRITORY AND SHARE CULTURE

Explanation
The given correct answer is "SOCIETY" because a society refers to a group or territory of individuals who live within the same territory and share a common culture. In a society, people interact and cooperate with one another, forming social relationships and institutions. They have shared beliefs, values, norms, and customs that shape their behavior and interactions. Overall, a society is a complex network of individuals who are interconnected through social, cultural, and economic systems.

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35.

1. A collection of anonymous individuals who are in one place at the same time.
36.

1. What is the significance of Hellen Keller’s experience for understanding the part that symbols play in everyday life?
37.

1. What are the criticism of the linguistics relativity hypotheses?
38.

1. Why are some aspects of social life – cultural universals – found in all known socities?
39.

1. Identify ways in which ethnocentrism may have contributed to global violence during your lifetime. How might acceptance of cultural relativism contribute to the resolution of international conflicts? Give examples.
40.

1. How do each of the concepts in the following sets relate? a. Norm – value – symbol b. Status – role – role set c. Group – institution – society

Midterm Examination Socscie 1 Michael R. Dupal-ag

1. An act or object that has come to be socially accepted as standing for something else.

1. Learned patterns for thinking, Feeling, and acting that are transmitted from one generation to the next.

1. Norms which do not exact stringent conformity.

1. Physical artifacts created by members of a society.

1. A social rule that specifies appropriate and inappropriate behavior in given situations.

1. Norms which exact strict conformity.

1. Abstract creations like values, beliefs, symbols, norms, customs, and institutional arrangements created by the members of society.

The view that different languages conceptualize the world of experience differently

1. Norms which are enforced by a special political organization with the right to employ force.

1. A group of people who live within the same territory and share a culture.

1. Broad, shared ideas regarding what is desirable, correct, and good.

1. A social structured system of sounds patterns ( words and sentences) with the specific and arbitrary meanings.

1. A value free approach that views people from the perspective of their own culture.

1. A subculture at odds with the ways of the larger society.

1. The tendency to judge other groups by the standards of one’s own culture.

1. The expectations of a single role are incompatible.

1. The interviewing of peoples interactions and relationships in recurrent and stable patterns.

The actual behavior of the person who occupies a status

1. The multiple roles associated with a single status.

1. A key status that carries primary weight in a person’s interactions with others.

1. Two or more people who share a feeling of unity and are bound together in stable patterns of social interactions.

1. Individuals are confronted with conflicting expectations stemming from simultaneously occupying two or more statuses.

1. A collection of people who share characteristics that is deemed to be of social significance.

1. The principal instrument whereby the essential tasks of social living re organized, directed, and executed.

1. Expectation that defines the behavior which people view as appropriate for the occupant of a status.

1. A collection of anonymous individuals who are in one place at the same time.

1. Actions that we can legitimately insist others perform.

1. A set of assumption and interrelated concepts for depicting the world.

1. A set of elements that meaning derives from social interaction in daily life.

1. The consequences that are intended and recognized by the participants in a system.

1. The observed consequences that permit the adaptations of system.

1. Consequences that are neither intended nor recognized by the participants in a system.

1. The members of a group participate in the main culture while sharing in another culture.

A GROUP OR TERRITORY WHO LIVE WITHIN THE SAME TERRITORY AND SHARE CULTURE

1. A collection of anonymous individuals who are in one place at the same time.

1. What is the significance of Hellen Keller’s experience for understanding the part that symbols play in everyday life?

1. What are the criticism of the linguistics relativity hypotheses?

1. Why are some aspects of social life – cultural universals – found in all known socities?

1. Identify ways in which ethnocentrism may have contributed to global violence during your lifetime. How might acceptance of cultural relativism contribute to the resolution of international conflicts? Give examples.

1. How do each of the concepts in the following sets relate? a. Norm – value – symbol b. Status – role – role set c. Group – institution – society