Micro-Pathogenic Bacteria I

1. Regarding growth properites on agar, beta hemolysis gets a clear area around colonies and alpha hemolysis gets a greenish coloring of agar around the colonies

True

False

2. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) causes sloughing of the skin in neonates is characterized by exfoliative exotoxins that cause separation of the layers of the skin

True

False

3. Strep's enzymes help it to spread by breaking down large protein molecules that may hinder its spread

True

False

4. Enterococci are unique from other streptococci because of their ability to resist bile and high salt concentrations in the intestines and are normal flora of the GI and GU tracts

True

False

they are Group D streptococci

Explanation

they are Group D streptococci

5. Gram + Cocci in pairs or chains that are normally found on the skin and nasopharynx would most likely be

Streptococci

Enterococci

Legionella

Salmonella

6. M protein and an Hyaluronic acid capsule help strep to be resistant to phagocytosis

True

False

7. Enterobacteriaceae are divided into lactose fermenters (pink colonies on agar) and non lactose fermenters (clear colonies)

True

False

8. Group B strep causes neonatal sepsis and meningitis, because of this pregnant mothers must be screened at 35-37 weeks into their pregnancy

True

False

if they are positive for strep then they are given antibiotics

Explanation

if they are positive for strep then they are given antibiotics

9. Mycoplasma requires sterols for growth and lacks rigid cell wall ( no murein)

True

False

10. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins SPE-A, SPE-C stimulate the release of cytokines that can lead to sepsis, shock and multi organ failure and SPE-A is responsible for Toxic shock syndrome

True

False

11. MSCRAMMS allow bacteria to colonize skin and mucosal surfaces

True

False

12. Which is not one of the 3 parts of Taxonomy

Classification

Nomenclature

Identification

Disausation

13. Which of the following is coagulase positive

S. saprophyticus

S. aureus

S. lugdenensis

S. epidermidis

14. Strep can have asymptomatic carriers and transmission is facilitated when it colonizes the nose

True

False

15. Acute pharyngitis, acute glomerulonephritis, and acute rheumatic fever are closely linked to

S. aureus

Group A Strep

None of the above

16. Staph infected patients that are also colonized by VRE should be treated with clindamycin or bactrim

True

False

17. This gram negative rod causes gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer

Vibrio spp. (v.cholera)

Pseudomonas

Campylobacter jejuni

Helicobacter pylori

18. Hemolytic pattern refers to the pattern strep cultures form on blood agar plates. Which hemolytic pattern results in a complete clearing?

Alpha hemolysis

Beta hemolysis

Gamma hemolysis

19. Small intracellular, rod shaped bacteria also obligate parasites, causes Rocky mountain Spotted Fever

Mycoplasma

Rickettsiae

C. trachomatis

Treponema pallidum

20. Scarlet fever related to strep is because of

Pyrogenic exotoxins A,B,C

Hyaluronidase

M- protein

21. Which of the following helps strep to spread

Proteases

Hyaluronidases

Streptokinases

All of the above

22. Which of these classification terms is the most specific

Kingdoms/domains

Phyla

Classes

Orders

Families

Genera

Strains

23. This virulence factor is present in staph but not in strep and converts hydrogen peroxide to water

Coagulase

Hyaluronidase

PBP2a

Catalase

24. This gram negative rod can be normally found in the throat of healthy individuals and can cause pneumonia and meningitis

Helicobacter pylori

Legionella

Haemophilus spp.

Vibrio spp.

25. The damage caused by staphylococci is due to host immune response and pathogen actions which best describes staphylococci's ability to cause damage

Forms abscesses due to collection of pus in skin or cellulitis in submucosal tissue

Bacteria kill neutrophils and the neutrophils release lysosymal enzymes that damage tissue

Pore forming toxins, hyaluronidase, beta lactamase and PBP2a

All of the above

26. Enterococci are problematic because they

Can be resistant to all classes of antibiotics

Can cause bacteremia, UTI and endocarditis

All of the above

None of the above

27. This gram negative rod causes whooping cough

Haemophilus spp

Bordatella spp.

Brucella

Legionellla

28. Virulence factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin and blocks phagocytosis

Capsule

Catalase

Coagulase

Hyaluronidase

capsule only inhibits phagocytosis, coagulase is converts fibrinogen and blocks phagocytosis

Explanation

capsule only inhibits phagocytosis, coagulase is converts fibrinogen and blocks phagocytosis

29. Which best describes group b streptococci

Also called s. mutans and s. milleri

Normally found in gi tract and female genital tracts

Result in immune related disease

High morbidity and mortality in developing countries

30. What best describes Neisseria spp.

Gram negative cocci

Found in mouth and throat of healthy peopl

Pathogenic species include gonococcus and meningococcus

All the above

31. A patient is admitted to the hospital to receive an IV catheter, which of the following coagulase negative staph bacteria may complicate the procedure?

S. saprophyticus

S epidermidis

S. lugdenensis

S. aureus

32. Strep bacteria must secrete hyaluronidase to digest their capsule prior to binding to epithelium

True

False

33. Group A Strep cannot penetrate intact skin

True

False

34. Small intracellular bacteria, no growth on artificial media, causes STD or Pneumonia in young adults

C. trachomatis, C. pneumonia

Treponema paliddum

Mycoplasma and leptospira

Mycobacterium and borrelia

35. This coagulase negative staphylococci causes urinary tract infections and cystitis

S. aureus

S. saprophyticus

S. lugdenensis

S. epidermidis

36. Which statement about gram positive rods is true

Listeria sp. causes anthrax

Clostridium spp. produce endotoxins causing gas gangrene, tetany, diarrhea

Includes clostridum, listeria, bacillus anthracis and pseudomonas

Bacillus anthracis affects infants and pregnant women

listeria sp. affects infants and pregnant women; bacillus anthracis causes anthrax

Explanation

listeria sp. affects infants and pregnant women; bacillus anthracis causes anthrax

37. Virulence factor responsible for the break down of the matrix of connective tissue and allows staphylococcus to cause bone and joint infections

Capsule

PBP2a

Hyaluronidase

B-Lactamases

Pore forming toxins

38. Which of the following determines strep's hemolytic pattern on blood agar

Streptolysin o

Streptolysin s

Serotype a-e

A and B

39. Regarding acid fast bacteria, which is not true?

Includes mycobacterium, actinomycetes

Includes treponema pallidum, borrelia spp. and leptospira

Cause granulomas in lungs and tissue infections

Can cause pneumonia

spirochetes includes treponema pallidum, borrelia spp. and leptospira

Explanation

spirochetes includes treponema pallidum, borrelia spp. and leptospira

40. Acute rheumatic fever and acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis both

Appear as sequelae to strep infection 1-4 weeks after infection

Can be treated with antibiotics

Cause carditis, poly arthritis, chorea, nodules and erythema marginatum

None of the above

41. Regarding spirochetes, which statement is false

Are spherical shaped bacteria

Treponema pallidum causes syphilis

Borrelia spp. cause lyme disease and B. recurrentis causes relapsing fever

Leptospira causes hemorragic fever

spirochetes are helical shaped

Explanation

spirochetes are helical shaped

42. Viridans streptococci include

Alpha and gamma hemolytic strep

Beta and gamma hemolytic streo

Alpha and beta hemolytic strep

None of the above

43. Group A Strep is linked to all of the following except

Stays localized to site of infection

Immune related disease

High morbidity and mortality in developing countries

Extracellular proteins that cause extensive tissue damage

strep spreads from the local site of infection

Explanation

strep spreads from the local site of infection

44. This gram negative rod causes cat scratch fever

Brucella

Haemophilus spp

Bordatella spp:

Bartonella

45. Virulence factor that causes damage to cells and interferes with homeostasis

Catalase

PBP2a

Hyaluronidase

Pore forming toxins

46. If strep is able to penetrate the deeper layers of skin it is most likely to cause

Erypiselas and cellulitis

Impetigo

Peritonsillar abscess

None of the above

47. Which is not true about Streptococci

Carry out respirations and most pathogenic species grow in air

Oxygen tolerant anaerobes

Main pathogens are the beta hemolytic streptococci

Have proteins that aid in virulence

Grow in pairs or chains

carry out fermentation not respiration, but most pathogenic species grow in air

Explanation

carry out fermentation not respiration, but most pathogenic species grow in air

48. This gram negative rod causes infectious diarrhea

Vibrio spp.

Pseudomonas

Campylobacter jejuni

Helicobacter pylori

49. M protein is responsible for all of the following except

Mucoid appearance of strep on blood agar

Immune related disease resulting from mimicking human proteins

Adhere to keratinocytes

Prevents opsonization by complement

mucoid appearance is due to strep's capsule

Explanation

mucoid appearance is due to strep's capsule

50. Which is not true about staphylococci

Can be hemolytic but most are non hemolytic

Stapylococci are aerobes

S. aureus produces coagulase that clots plasma

Grows is grape like clusters

None of the above

51. Food poisoning is linked to

Serotypes A-E

GAS

S. aureus

MRSA

52. Which is not true about staphylococci

Survives in inanimate objects and can cause disease almost anywhere on the body

Strains that cause toxic shock syndrome are pyogenic

Found in pimples, boils, good poisoning, endocarditis, osteomyelitis bacteremia

Virulence factors include enterotoxins, teichoic acids, coagulase, leukocidins and protein a

Can grow in high salt and lipid concentrations because it makes enzymes that break down skin lipids

strains that cause toxic shock syndrome are not pyogenic

Explanation

strains that cause toxic shock syndrome are not pyogenic

53. Toxic shock syndrome can occur in an anaerobic environmentnd features 3 toxins that prevent formation of inflammation

True

False

toxic shock syndrome requires oxygen and does prevent inflammation

Explanation

toxic shock syndrome requires oxygen and does prevent inflammation

54. A patient presents with endocarditis, which of the following bacteria can be ruled out as a possible cause

S. mutans and s. sanguis

Nutritionally variant streptococci

Group b strep

Enterococci

All of the above

Micro-pathogenic Bacteria I