What Is Microbiology Quiz?

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  • 1/483 Questions

    A gene is best defined as

    • A segment of DNA
    • Three nucleotides that code for an amino acid
    • A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product
    • A sequence of nucleotides in RNA that codes for a functional product
    • A transcribed unit of DNA
    • Hard-wearing trousers made of denim or other cotton fabric, for informal wear
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About This Quiz

Take this quiz and learn more about microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa. Let's begin this science quiz!

What Is Microbiology Quiz? - Quiz

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  • 2. 
    Which of the following pairs is mismatched - ProProfs

    Which of the following pairs is mismatched

    • DNA polymerase — makes a molecule of DNA from a DNA template

    • RNA polymerase — makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template

    • DNA ligase — joins segments of DNA

    • Transposase — insertion of DNA segments into DNA

    • DNA gyrase — coils and twists DNA

    Correct Answer
    A. RNA polymerase — makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template
    Explanation
    RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing RNA molecules from a DNA template, not an RNA template. This enzyme plays a crucial role in transcription, where it binds to the DNA template strand and catalyzes the formation of an RNA molecule that is complementary to the DNA sequence. This process is essential for gene expression and the production of proteins. Therefore, the pair "RNA polymerase — makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template" is mismatched.

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  • 3. 

    Which of the following is NOT a product of transcription?

    • A new strand of DNA

    • RRNA

    • TRNA

    • MRNA

    • None of the answers are correct; all of these are products of transcription

    Correct Answer
    A. A new strand of DNA
    Explanation
    A new strand of DNA is not a product of transcription. Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is used to create RNA molecules, such as mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. These RNA molecules are involved in various cellular processes, including protein synthesis. However, the synthesis of a new DNA strand occurs during DNA replication, not transcription. During DNA replication, the DNA molecule is duplicated to produce two identical copies.

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  • 4. 

    Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell

    • By a bacteriophage.

    • As naked DNA in solution

    • By cell-to-cell contact

    • By crossing over

    • By sexual reproduction

    Correct Answer
    A. As naked DNA in solution
    Explanation
    If you think about it, the Transformers were always naked.

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  • 5. 

    Genetic change in bacteria can be brought about by

    • Mutation

    • Conjugation

    • Transduction

    • Transformation

    • All of the answers are correct

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the answers are correct
    Explanation
    All of the options listed - mutation, conjugation, transduction, and transformation - are mechanisms through which genetic change can occur in bacteria. Mutation refers to changes in the DNA sequence, while conjugation involves the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. Transduction is the transfer of genetic material through bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria), and transformation is the uptake and incorporation of foreign DNA from the environment. Therefore, all of these mechanisms can lead to genetic changes in bacteria.

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  • 6. 

    According to the operon model, for the synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur, the

    • End-product must not be in excess

    • Substrate must bind to the enzyme

    • Substrate must bind to the repressor

    • Repressor must bind to the operator

    • Repressor must not be synthesized

    Correct Answer
    A. Substrate must bind to the repressor
    Explanation
    In the operon model, the synthesis of an inducible enzyme is regulated by a repressor protein. The repressor protein binds to the operator, blocking the transcription of the gene for the enzyme. However, when the substrate binds to the repressor, it causes a conformational change in the repressor protein, preventing it from binding to the operator. This allows the RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter and transcribe the gene, leading to the synthesis of the inducible enzyme. Therefore, the substrate must bind to the repressor in order for the synthesis of the enzyme to occur.

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  • 7. 
    If base 4 is thymine, what is base 4'? - ProProfs

    If base 4 is thymine, what is base 4'?

    • Adenine

    • Thymine

    • Cytosine

    • Guanine

    • Uracil

    Correct Answer
    A. Adenine
    Explanation
    Base 4 is thymine, which means that in the context of this question, base 4 refers to the fourth nucleotide in a DNA sequence. Since adenine is one of the four nucleotides in DNA, it can be concluded that adenine is base 4'.

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  • 8. 
    Refer to Table 8.2 The anticodon for valine is - ProProfs

    Refer to Table 8.2 The anticodon for valine is

    • GUU

    • CUU

    • CTT

    • CAA

    • GTA

    Correct Answer
    A. CAA
    Explanation
    The anticodon for valine is CAA. This is determined by the genetic code, which specifies that the codon for valine is GUA. The anticodon is the complementary sequence to the codon, so the anticodon for valine is CAA.

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  • 9. 
    In Figure 8.3, if compound C reacts with the allosteric site of enzyme A, this would exemplify - ProProfs

    In Figure 8.3, if compound C reacts with the allosteric site of enzyme A, this would exemplify

    • A mutation

    • Repression

    • Feedback inhibition

    • Competitive inhibition

    • Transcription

    Correct Answer
    A. Feedback inhibition
    Explanation
    If compound C reacts with the allosteric site of enzyme A, it would exemplify feedback inhibition. Feedback inhibition is a regulatory mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway. In this case, compound C is acting as the end product and inhibiting the activity of enzyme A. This helps regulate the rate of the metabolic pathway and prevent the overproduction of the end product.

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  • 10. 

    Conjugation differs from reproduction because conjugation

    • Replicates DNA

    • Transfers DNA vertically, to new cells

    • Transfers DNA horizontally, to cells in the same generation

    • Transcribes DNA to RNA

    • Copies RNA to make DNA

    Correct Answer
    A. Transfers DNA horizontally, to cells in the same generation
    Explanation
    ...like a record

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  • 11. 
    Based on the information in Table 8.3, prostate cancer is probably the result of which kind of mutation?  - ProProfs

    Based on the information in Table 8.3, prostate cancer is probably the result of which kind of mutation? 

    • Analog

    • Frameshift

    • Missions

    • Nonsense

    • None of the answers is correct

    Correct Answer
    A. Nonsense
    Explanation
    This is utter nonsense.

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  • 12. 

    The cancer gene ras produces mRNA containing an extra exon that includes a number of UAA codons. Cancer cells produce ras mRNA missing this exon. This mistake most likely is due to a mistake by

    • A chemical mutagen

    • DNA polymerase

    • Photolyases

    • SnRNPs

    • UV radiation

    Correct Answer
    A. SnRNPs
    Explanation
    SnRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins) are involved in the process of RNA splicing, which removes introns and joins exons together to form mature mRNA. In this case, the cancer cells are producing ras mRNA missing an exon that contains UAA codons. This suggests that the mistake is occurring during the splicing process, where the snRNPs may be incorrectly recognizing or binding to the splice sites, leading to the exclusion of the exon. Therefore, the mistake is most likely due to snRNPs.

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  • 13. 

    Recombination will always alter a cell’s genotype

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Never play leapfrog with a unicorn.

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  • 14. 

    Bacteria typically contain multiple chromosomes

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Bacteria typically contain a single chromosome, not multiple chromosomes. This single chromosome contains all of the genetic material necessary for the bacterium to function and reproduce. While bacteria may contain plasmids, which are small, circular pieces of DNA that can carry additional genes, these are not considered chromosomes. Therefore, the statement that bacteria typically contain multiple chromosomes is false.

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  • 15. 

    Mutations that are harmful to cells occur more frequently than those that benefit cells

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Sometimes I pretend to be normal. But it gets boring, so I go back to being me.

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  • 16. 

    In the Ames test, any colonies that form on the control should be the result of spontaneous mutations

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    In the Ames test, the control is used to determine the spontaneous mutation rate of the bacteria being tested. The control should not be exposed to any mutagenic substance, so any colonies that form on the control plate should be the result of spontaneous mutations that naturally occur in the bacteria. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 17. 

    Cell-to-cell contact is required for transduction to occur

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Sarcasm: The witty will have fun, but the stupid won't get it.

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  • 18. 

    Which of the following is a scientific name?

    • Mycobacterium Leprae

    • Hansen's Bacillus

    • Leprosy bacterium

    • Acid-fast bacteria

    Correct Answer
    A. Mycobacterium Leprae
    Explanation
    The scientific name is a formal name given to a specific organism according to the rules of scientific nomenclature. In this case, "Mycobacterium Leprae" is the scientific name because it follows the binomial naming system, which consists of the genus name (Mycobacterium) and the species name (Leprae). The other options, "Hansen's Bacillus," "Leprosy bacterium," and "Acid-fast bacteria," are not scientific names as they do not follow the proper naming conventions.

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  • 19. 

    An agent that reproduces in cells but is not composed of cells and contains RNA as its genetic material is a(n)

    • Alga

    • Bacterium

    • Fungus

    • Helminth

    • Virus

    Correct Answer
    A. Virus
    Explanation
    A virus is a small infectious agent that can reproduce only inside the cells of living organisms. It is not composed of cells itself, but it can infect and hijack the cellular machinery of host organisms to replicate. Viruses contain RNA as their genetic material, which is used to direct the synthesis of viral proteins and to replicate the viral genome. Therefore, a virus is the correct answer because it reproduces in cells but is not composed of cells and contains RNA as its genetic material.

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  • 20. 

    A multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives in an animal host is a(n)

    • Alga

    • Bacterium

    • Fungus

    • Helminth

    • Virus

    Correct Answer
    A. Helminth
    Explanation
    A multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives in an animal host is a helminth. Helminths are parasitic worms that can infect humans and other animals. They have specialized mouthparts that allow them to attach to the host's tissues and feed on blood or other bodily fluids. Examples of helminths include roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes. Unlike algae, bacteria, fungi, and viruses, helminths are complex organisms with differentiated tissues and organs, making them distinct from other microorganisms.

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  • 21. 

    Bacteria differ from viruses in that bacteria...

    • Have DNA and RNA

    • Are composed of cells

    • Can live without a host

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Bacteria differ from viruses in several ways. Firstly, bacteria have both DNA and RNA, whereas viruses typically have only one or the other. Secondly, bacteria are composed of cells, while viruses are not considered to be cells themselves. Lastly, bacteria have the ability to live and reproduce without a host, whereas viruses require a host cell to replicate. Therefore, all of the given options accurately describe the differences between bacteria and viruses.

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  • 22. 

    The infection that causes AIDS is a

    • Virus

    • Bacterium

    • Yeast

    • Protozoan

    • Mold

    Correct Answer
    A. Virus
    Explanation
    The infection that causes AIDS is caused by a virus called the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 cells, which are crucial for fighting off infections and diseases. Over time, HIV can destroy enough CD4 cells, leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Therefore, the correct answer is virus.

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  • 23. 

    The microbial process of converting sugars to alcohol is known as

    • Fermentation

    • Pasteurization

    • Tyndallization

    • Lyophilization

    • Alchoholism

    Correct Answer
    A. Fermentation
    Explanation
    I hate when people say "you don't need alcohol to have fun". Well, you don't need running shoes to run, but it helps!

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  • 24. 

    Proof that a microbe could cause disease was provided by

    • Pastuer

    • Lister

    • Koch

    • Wasserman

    • Semmelweis

    Correct Answer
    A. Koch
    Explanation
    Koch provided proof that a microbe could cause disease through his groundbreaking work in the field of microbiology. He developed a set of postulates, known as Koch's postulates, which established a direct link between a specific microorganism and a particular disease. Koch successfully applied these postulates to identify the causative agents of diseases such as tuberculosis and cholera. His work revolutionized the understanding of infectious diseases and laid the foundation for the field of medical microbiology.

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  • 25. 

    The first antibiotic utilized was 

    • Salvarsan

    • Vancomycin

    • Penicillian

    • Sulfonamides

    • Quinine

    Correct Answer
    A. Penicillian
    Explanation
    Penicillin was the first antibiotic to be utilized. It was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 and revolutionized the field of medicine. Penicillin is effective against a wide range of bacterial infections and has saved countless lives since its discovery. It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and preventing them from forming their cell walls. Penicillin paved the way for the development of other antibiotics and remains an important tool in modern medicine.

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  • 26. 

    Fungal infections are studied by

    • Virologists

    • Bacteriologists

    • Paraitologists

    • Mycologists

    • Herpetologists

    • Nerds

    Correct Answer
    A. Mycologists
    Explanation
    Mycologists study fungal infections. Fungi are a separate kingdom of organisms that can cause various infections in humans and other organisms. Mycologists specialize in the study of fungi, including their identification, classification, and understanding their role in diseases. They investigate the biology, ecology, and genetics of fungi, as well as develop treatments and prevention strategies for fungal infections. Therefore, mycologists are the experts in studying fungal infections.

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  • 27. 

    Recombinant DNA refers to the

    • Study of bacterial ribosomes

    • Study of the function of genes

    • Interaction between human and bacterial cells

    • Synthesis of proteens from genes

    • DNA resulting when bacterial genes are inserted in an animal genome

    Correct Answer
    A. DNA resulting when bacterial genes are inserted in an animal genome
    Explanation
    Recombinant DNA refers to the DNA resulting when bacterial genes are inserted in an animal genome. This process involves the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another, specifically from bacteria to animals. This can be done for various purposes, such as producing genetically modified organisms or studying the function of specific genes. By inserting bacterial genes into an animal genome, scientists can create new combinations of DNA and potentially alter the characteristics or traits of the animal.

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  • 28. 

    Normal microbiota are typically found in and on all the following body locations except the

    • Skin

    • Mouth

    • Colon

    • Blood

    • Upper respiratory system

    Correct Answer
    A. Blood
    Explanation
    I feel so dirty

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  • 29. 

    Which type of molecule contains the alcohol glycerol?

    • Carbohydrate

    • Lipid

    • Nucleic acid

    • Protien

    Correct Answer
    A. Lipid
    Explanation
    Roses are red, violets are blue. Vodka cost less, than dinner for two.

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  • 30. 

    Which type of molecule contains the CH2O units?

    • Carbohydrate

    • Lipid

    • Nucleic acid

    • Protein

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbohydrate
    Explanation
    Carbohydrates are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The CH2O units refer to the basic formula of a carbohydrate, where "C" represents carbon, "H" represents hydrogen, and "O" represents oxygen. This formula indicates that carbohydrates consist of carbon atoms bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, forming a single unit. Therefore, the correct answer is carbohydrate.

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  • 31. 

    What do genes consist of

    • Carbohydrates

    • Lipids

    • Proteins

    • Nucleic acids

    • Denim

    Correct Answer
    A. Nucleic acids
    Explanation
    Genes consist of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are the molecules that carry genetic information in living organisms. They are made up of chains of nucleotides, which contain a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Genes are specific sequences of nucleotides within the DNA molecule that code for the production of proteins. These proteins play a crucial role in the structure and function of cells, and ultimately determine the traits and characteristics of an organism.

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  • 32. 

    Starch, dextran, glycogen, and cellulose are polymers of

    • Amino acids

    • Glucose

    • Fatty acids

    • Nucleic acids

    • Acids

    Correct Answer
    A. Glucose
    Explanation
    Does running from my problems count as cardio?

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  • 33. 

    The exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc.

    • Biotechnology

    • Bacteriology

    • Mycology

    • Parasitology

    • Virology

    • Confusedology

    Correct Answer
    A. Biotechnology
    Explanation
    Biotechnology refers to the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, particularly the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, and other useful substances. This field combines biology, chemistry, and engineering to develop new technologies and products that benefit various industries such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental science. Biotechnology plays a crucial role in advancing scientific research, improving healthcare, and addressing global challenges related to food security and sustainability.

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  • 34. 

    The study of bacteria is known as

    • Biotechnology

    • Bacteriology

    • Mycology

    • Parasitology

    • Virology

    • Unsurology

    Correct Answer
    A. Bacteriology
    Explanation
    Bacteriology is the study of bacteria, including their structure, function, growth, and classification. It involves the study of various aspects of bacteria, such as their morphology, genetics, metabolism, and ecological roles. Bacteriology plays a crucial role in understanding the nature of bacterial diseases, their prevention, and treatment. It also helps in the development of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents. Therefore, Bacteriology is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the study of bacteria.

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  • 35. 

    The study of fungus is

    • Biotechnology

    • Bacteriology

    • Mycology

    • Parasitology

    • Virology

    • Funology

    Correct Answer
    A. Mycology
    Explanation
    Mycology is the study of fungus, including their taxonomy, structure, genetics, and ecology. It involves the identification, classification, and understanding of the various aspects of fungal organisms. This field of study is important as fungi play crucial roles in various ecosystems, from decomposition to nutrient cycling. Additionally, mycology is essential for medical and agricultural purposes, as it helps in the identification and treatment of fungal infections and diseases in humans, animals, and plants. Therefore, mycology is the correct answer for the study of fungus.

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  • 36. 

    The study of parasites is

    • Biotechnology

    • Bacteriology

    • Mycology

    • Parasitology

    • Virology

    • Politics

    Correct Answer
    A. Parasitology
    Explanation
    Politics: from the Latin "poli", meaning many; and "tic", which is a blood sucking insect. Hence "Politics" = "Many blood sucking insects".

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  • 37. 
    Place the steps of the Gram stain in the correct order: 1-Alcohol acetone; 2-Crystal violet; 3-Safranin; 4-Iodine - ProProfs

    Place the steps of the Gram stain in the correct order: 1-Alcohol acetone; 2-Crystal violet; 3-Safranin; 4-Iodine

    • 1-2-3-4

    • 2-1-4-3

    • 2-4-1-3

    • 4-3-2-1

    • 1-3-2-4

    Correct Answer
    A. 2-4-1-3
    Explanation
    The correct order of the Gram stain steps is as follows: 2-Crystal violet, 4-Iodine, 1-Alcohol acetone, 3-Safranin. This is because the crystal violet is used to stain the bacterial cells, followed by iodine which forms a complex with the crystal violet, making it more difficult to wash out. Then, the alcohol acetone is used as a decolorizer to remove the stain from certain types of bacteria (Gram-negative). Finally, safranin is used as a counterstain to stain the decolorized bacteria (Gram-negative) pink or red.

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  • 38. 
    The counterstain in the Gram stain is - ProProfs

    The counterstain in the Gram stain is

    • A negative stain

    • A mordant

    • A basic dye

    • An acidic dye

    • Necessary to determine the Gram reaction

    Correct Answer
    A. A basic dye
    Explanation
    A basic dye is used as the counterstain in the Gram stain. This is because the primary stain used in the Gram stain, crystal violet, stains both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The counterstain, which is a basic dye called safranin, is then used to stain the Gram-negative bacteria. This allows for differentiation between the two types of bacteria, as the Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet stain and appear purple, while the Gram-negative bacteria take up the safranin counterstain and appear pink or red. Therefore, the counterstain is necessary to determine the Gram reaction of the bacteria.

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  • 39. 

    Each of the following statements concerning the gram-positive cell wall is true EXCEPT

    • It maintains the shape of the cell.

    • It is sensitive to lysozyme

    • It protects the cell in a hypertonic environment

    • It contains teichoic acids

    • It is sensitive to penicillin

    Correct Answer
    A. It protects the cell in a hypertonic environment
    Explanation
    The gram-positive cell wall is composed of a thick layer of peptidoglycan, which provides structural support and helps maintain the shape of the cell. It also contains teichoic acids, which are important for cell wall maintenance and cell division. The gram-positive cell wall is sensitive to lysozyme, an enzyme that breaks down peptidoglycan. It is also sensitive to penicillin, an antibiotic that targets the synthesis of peptidoglycan. However, the gram-positive cell wall is not specifically designed to protect the cell in a hypertonic environment. Instead, it relies on other mechanisms, such as the regulation of osmotic pressure, to maintain cell integrity in such conditions.

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  • 40. 

    Which of the following statements is TRUE?

    • Endospores are for reproduction

    • Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes

    • Endospores are easily stained in a Gram stain

    • A cell produces one endospore and keeps growing.

    • A cell can produce many endospores.

    Correct Answer
    A. Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes
    Explanation
    Endospores are specialized structures formed by certain bacteria in response to unfavorable environmental conditions. They are not for reproduction but rather serve as a survival mechanism. Endospores are highly resistant to heat, desiccation, chemicals, and radiation, allowing the bacterial cell to withstand harsh conditions and remain dormant until conditions become favorable again. Therefore, the statement "Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes" is true.

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  • 41. 

    Which of the following organelles most closely resembles a prokaryotic cell?

    • Nucleus

    • Mitochondrion

    • Golgi complex

    • Vacuole

    • Cell wall

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitochondrion
    Explanation
    Mitochondria closely resemble prokaryotic cells because they have their own DNA and can replicate independently of the cell. They also have a double membrane, similar to the structure of prokaryotic cells. Additionally, mitochondria have their own ribosomes and can produce their own proteins, similar to prokaryotes. These similarities suggest that mitochondria may have originated from an ancient symbiotic relationship between a prokaryotic cell and an ancestral eukaryotic cell.

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  • 42. 
    Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is a tetrad? - ProProfs

    Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is a tetrad?

    • A

    • B

    • C

    • D

    • E

    Correct Answer
    A. B
    Explanation
    In Figure 4.1, drawing b is a tetrad. A tetrad is a group of four objects or elements that are closely related or connected.

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  • 43. 

    Bacteria are a commonly used organism for studies of genetic material in the research laboratory. The nucleic acids must first be isolated from the cells for these studies. Which of the following would most likely be used to lyse the bacterial cells for nucleic acid isolation?

    • Lysozyme

    • Polymixins

    • Alcohol

    • Water

    • Mycolic acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Lysozyme
    Explanation
    Lysozyme is an enzyme that is commonly used to lyse bacterial cells for nucleic acid isolation. It works by breaking down the bacterial cell wall, allowing the release of the genetic material. This enzyme is particularly effective for lysing Gram-positive bacteria, as they have a thicker cell wall compared to Gram-negative bacteria. By using lysozyme, researchers can efficiently extract the nucleic acids from the bacterial cells for further genetic studies.

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  • 44. 

    The terms “run” and “tumble” are generally associated with

    • Cell wall fluidity

    • Taxic movements of the cell

    • Clustering properties of certain rod-shaped bacteria

    • Cell membrane synthesis

    Correct Answer
    A. Taxic movements of the cell
    Explanation
    The terms "run" and "tumble" are generally associated with taxic movements of the cell. Taxic movements refer to the directed movement of a cell in response to a stimulus, such as light or chemicals. In bacterial cells, the flagella play a crucial role in these movements. During a "run," the flagella rotate in a coordinated manner, propelling the cell in a straight line. However, during a "tumble," the flagella change their rotation direction, causing the cell to change its direction randomly. These movements help the cell navigate its environment and find favorable conditions for survival.

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  • 45. 
    In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is decolorized by alcohol? - ProProfs

    In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is decolorized by alcohol?

    • A

    • B

    • Both

    • Neither

    Correct Answer
    A. B
    Explanation
    The correct answer is b. The diagram of a cell wall that is decolorized by alcohol is b. This means that when alcohol is applied to the cell wall, it loses its color or staining. The other diagram, a, does not show any decolorization when alcohol is applied. Therefore, the correct answer is b.

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  • 46. 
    In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is resistant to many antibiotics (e.g., penicillin)? - ProProfs

    In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is resistant to many antibiotics (e.g., penicillin)?

    • A

    • B

    • Both

    • Neither

    Correct Answer
    A. B
    Explanation
    Diagram b is resistant to many antibiotics because it shows a thick layer of peptidoglycan, which is a component of the bacterial cell wall. This thick layer provides a strong barrier that makes it difficult for antibiotics, such as penicillin, to penetrate and kill the bacteria. In contrast, diagram a shows a thin layer of peptidoglycan, making it more susceptible to antibiotics. Therefore, diagram b is the correct answer as it represents a cell wall that is resistant to many antibiotics.

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  • 47. 

    The DNA found in most bacterial cells

    • Is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

    • Utilizes histones for chromosomal packaging

    • Is circular in structure

    • Is linear in structure.

    • Is found in multiple copies.

    Correct Answer
    A. Is circular in structure
    Explanation
    Bacterial DNA is circular in structure. Unlike eukaryotic cells, which have a nuclear membrane that surrounds their DNA, bacterial cells do not have a distinct nucleus. Instead, their DNA is found in the cytoplasm, forming a circular loop. This circular DNA allows for efficient replication and gene expression in bacteria.

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  • 48. 

    The cell walls of bacteria are responsible for the shape of the bacteria and the difference in the Gram stain reaction.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The cell walls of bacteria play a crucial role in determining the shape of the bacteria and their reaction to the Gram stain. The Gram stain is a common laboratory technique used to differentiate bacteria into two groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. This differentiation is based on the differences in the composition and structure of their cell walls. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls, which retains the crystal violet stain used in the Gram stain. On the other hand, Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane that prevents the retention of the stain. Therefore, the statement that the cell walls of bacteria are responsible for their shape and Gram stain reaction is true.

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  • 49. 

    Antibiotics that target the cell wall are an effective treatment against many pathogenic bacteria

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Antibiotics that target the cell wall are effective against many pathogenic bacteria because the cell wall is an essential component of bacterial cells. These antibiotics work by inhibiting the synthesis or weakening the cell wall, leading to the rupture and death of the bacteria. By targeting the cell wall, these antibiotics can effectively kill a wide range of pathogenic bacteria and are commonly used in the treatment of bacterial infections.

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