Medical Terminology - Urinary System Quiz 3

Dysuria is a medical term used to describe painful or difficult urination. It is a symptom that can be caused by various conditions such as urinary tract infections, bladder stones, or inflammation of the urethra. Painful urination is a common and easily understandable way to describe dysuria, as it accurately conveys the discomfort experienced during the act of urinating.

The term "trigonitis" refers to inflammation of the trigone, which is a triangular area in the bladder. Inflammation of the trigone can occur due to various reasons such as infection, irritation, or injury. This inflammation can cause symptoms like pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen, frequent urination, and a strong urge to urinate. Treatment for trigonitis typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as antibiotics for infections or lifestyle changes to reduce irritation.

The term "caliceal" refers to something that is related to the calyx, which is a cup-like structure in the body. It is likely that the question asked for a word that describes or pertains to the calyx, and "caliceal" is the correct answer in this context.

Uric acid is a nitrogenous waste product that is excreted in the urine. It is formed from the breakdown of purines, which are found in certain foods and also produced by the body. Uric acid is insoluble in water, so it is excreted in the form of crystals. High levels of uric acid in the blood can lead to the formation of urate crystals, causing conditions like gout. Uric acid is the correct answer because it is a specific type of nitrogenous waste that is eliminated through urine.

Nocturia refers to the condition of experiencing frequent urination during the night. This means that a person has to wake up multiple times during their sleep to urinate. It is a common symptom of various underlying health conditions such as urinary tract infections, diabetes, prostate enlargement, or bladder disorders. Nocturia can disrupt sleep patterns and lead to fatigue and decreased quality of life. Therefore, the given answer, "Frequent urination at night," accurately describes the meaning of nocturia.

Oliguria refers to a condition where there is a reduced amount of urine being produced. It is characterized by scanty urination, meaning that the volume of urine passed is significantly lower than normal. This can be caused by various factors such as dehydration, kidney dysfunction, urinary tract obstruction, or certain medications. Scanty urination is a common symptom of oliguria and indicates a decrease in the body's ability to eliminate waste products through urine.

A cystocele is a condition where the supportive tissue between a woman's bladder and vaginal wall weakens and allows the bladder to bulge into the vagina. This is commonly referred to as a hernia at the urinary bladder. It can cause symptoms such as urinary incontinence, frequent urination, and a feeling of pressure or fullness in the pelvic area. Treatment options may include pelvic floor exercises, pessaries, or surgery to repair the weakened tissue and support the bladder.

Vesicoureteral reflux refers to the condition where urine flows backward from the bladder to the ureter. This abnormal flow can occur due to a malfunctioning valve between the bladder and the ureter, causing urine to reflux into the ureter and potentially reaching the kidneys. This condition can lead to urinary tract infections and may require medical intervention to prevent kidney damage.