MCQ Model Examination B.Ed Semester 4 - Educational Psychology

Freud founded the psychodynamic approach to understanding human behavior. This approach focuses on the unconscious mind and the importance of childhood experiences in shaping adult behavior. It emphasizes the role of unconscious desires, conflicts, and motives in influencing behavior. Freud's theories, such as the Oedipus complex and defense mechanisms, have had a significant impact on psychology and continue to be influential today.

Positive transfer refers to the phenomenon where skills or knowledge learned in one context or task positively influence the performance of a different context or task. In this case, the bus driver's skills and experience driving a bus can be transferred and applied efficiently to driving a truck. The skills and knowledge acquired while driving a bus, such as understanding traffic rules, handling a large vehicle, and maneuvering through tight spaces, can be beneficial in driving a truck as well. Therefore, this example demonstrates positive transfer.

Dyscalculia is the correct answer because it refers to a specific learning disability that affects a person's ability to understand and work with numbers. It is characterized by difficulties with mathematical concepts, calculations, and problem-solving. Dyspraxia, Dysgraphia, and Dyslexia are also learning disabilities, but they do not specifically relate to mathematical difficulties.

In the process of counseling, the counselor plays a major role in the directive approach. In this approach, the counselor takes an active role in guiding and directing the client towards specific goals and solutions. They provide advice, suggestions, and strategies to help the client make positive changes and overcome their challenges. The counselor takes on a more authoritative role, using their expertise and knowledge to provide direction and structure to the counseling process.

Gestalt psychology focuses on the idea of insight, which refers to the sudden understanding or realization of a problem or situation. This approach emphasizes the importance of perceiving and understanding the whole picture rather than just the individual parts. It suggests that the mind organizes information into meaningful patterns and structures, allowing individuals to gain insights and solve problems. Therefore, insight is the most suitable principle that aligns with the concepts and principles of Gestalt psychology.

Erik Erikson is the one who put forward the psycho-social development theory. This theory emphasizes the importance of social and cultural factors in the development of an individual's personality. Erikson proposed that individuals go through eight stages of development throughout their lives, each characterized by a specific psychosocial crisis that must be resolved in order to progress successfully to the next stage. This theory has had a significant impact on the field of psychology and has helped to shape our understanding of human development.

Remembering is mainly supported by association. Association refers to the process of connecting new information with existing knowledge or memories. When we associate new information with something we already know, it becomes easier to remember and recall that information. This is because the existing knowledge acts as a cue or trigger for retrieving the associated information. Association plays a crucial role in memory formation and retrieval, helping us to make connections and link different pieces of information together. Dissociation, negative transfer, and positive transfer are not directly related to the process of remembering.

Memory refers to the ability of the mind to store, retain, and recall information or experiences. It allows individuals to remember and reproduce past events, knowledge, or skills. Problem solving, judging, and reasoning involve cognitive processes that rely on memory to access relevant information and make informed decisions. However, memory specifically focuses on the ability to regain and reproduce past experiences or knowledge, making it the most suitable choice for the given question.

A secondary school student who has been consistently performing below expectations for the past two years is referred to as an underachiever. This term suggests that the student has the potential to perform better but is not reaching their full academic potential. It implies that the student is not putting in enough effort or facing other barriers that prevent them from achieving at their expected level.

E.L. Thorndike is considered the chief exponent of the theory of connectionism. Connectionism is a psychological theory that focuses on the idea that learning occurs through the establishment and strengthening of connections between stimuli and responses. Thorndike conducted numerous experiments with animals, particularly cats, to study learning and behavior. His famous puzzle box experiments demonstrated the law of effect, which states that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated. Thorndike's work laid the foundation for the development of behaviorism and had a significant influence on the field of psychology.

Ingratiation is not a defense mechanism because it involves trying to win favor or gain approval from others, rather than protecting oneself from anxiety or distress. Defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological strategies that people use to cope with uncomfortable or threatening situations. Projection involves attributing one's own unwanted thoughts or feelings onto someone else. Regression involves reverting to childlike behaviors in stressful situations. Sublimation involves channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.

Sociometry is the technique adopted by a secondary school teacher to assess whether her class is a well knit group or not. Sociometry involves analyzing the social interactions and relationships within a group to determine the level of cohesion and connectedness. By conducting sociometric assessments, the teacher can gather information about the students' preferences for interaction, their social bonds, and the overall dynamics of the class. This information helps the teacher understand whether the class is functioning as a well-knit group or if there are any issues that need to be addressed.

The correct answer is "Enactive stage." In the enactive stage of representation, individuals understand and interact with the world through motor actions and physical manipulation of objects. This stage is characterized by a hands-on approach to learning, where individuals learn by doing and experiencing things firsthand. It is the first mode of representation proposed by J.S. Bruner, which lays the foundation for further cognitive development and the acquisition of more complex cognitive skills.

Assimilation is the process of incorporating new information into existing cognitive schemas. This means that when encountering an unfamiliar schema, individuals will try to make sense of it by relating it to their pre-existing knowledge and experiences. By linking the unfamiliar schema with familiar schemas, individuals can better understand and interpret the new information. This process helps to make the unfamiliar schema more familiar and easier to comprehend.

Adolescence refers to the period of development between childhood and adulthood. It is a time when individuals experience physical, cognitive, and emotional changes, and gradually transition into maturity. Therefore, the meaning of the word "adolescence" is to grow to maturity, as it signifies the process of reaching adulthood and becoming a mature individual.

Bond theory is not a commonly known theory in the field of psychology or learning. The other options - Discovery Learning, Operant Conditioning, and Gestalt Theory - are well-known theories in the field. Therefore, based on the given options, the most appropriate answer is Trial and Error Theory.

The cardinal trait is the trait that dominates an individual's entire personality. It is the most pervasive and influential trait that shapes and defines a person's behavior, attitudes, and actions. This trait is often seen as the core or central aspect of a person's personality, and it is believed to have a significant impact on all other traits and characteristics.

Development is possible without growth because growth refers to an increase in size or quantity, while development refers to progress or improvement in quality or maturity. Development can occur without an increase in size or quantity, as it focuses on the enhancement of skills, knowledge, or capabilities. Therefore, it is possible to experience development without growth.

The correct answer is F C Thorne because the question asks for the exponent of Eclectic counselling, and F C Thorne is known for his significant contributions to the development and promotion of Eclectic counselling.

Transactional analysis is a psychological theory and therapy approach developed by Eric Berne. It focuses on analyzing and understanding the transactions or interactions between individuals and how these interactions shape their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Berne's theory emphasizes the importance of understanding the different ego states (Parent, Adult, and Child) that individuals operate from in their interactions. By understanding these ego states, individuals can gain insight into their own patterns of behavior and develop healthier ways of relating to others.

Article 45 of the Constitution envisages the universalization of education or free and compulsory primary education. This article emphasizes the importance of providing education to all children between the ages of 6 and 14 years. It directs the state to make efforts to provide free and compulsory education to all children within a specific time frame. This provision highlights the commitment of the Constitution towards ensuring education for all and promoting the overall development of the country.

The correct answer is "anima". According to Junk, the feminine archetype in man is called anima.

Projective tests claim to reveal information about unconscious processes. These tests are designed to assess an individual's thoughts, feelings, and motivations that may be hidden or inaccessible to their conscious awareness. By presenting ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots or pictures, individuals are encouraged to project their unconscious thoughts and emotions onto these stimuli, allowing psychologists to gain insight into their underlying psychological processes.

Slurring refers to the act of speaking in a way that is difficult to understand, often due to the blending or unclear pronunciation of words. This can be caused by various factors such as intoxication, fatigue, or certain medical conditions. Lisping and stuttering, on the other hand, are different speech disorders. Lisping is characterized by the mispronunciation of certain sounds, while stuttering involves the repetition or prolongation of sounds, syllables, or words. Therefore, the correct answer is slurring, as it specifically addresses the difficulty in understanding speech.

The first step of the perception process is selection. This refers to the process of selectively attending to certain stimuli from the environment while ignoring others. It involves filtering out irrelevant or unimportant information and focusing on what is deemed relevant or meaningful to the individual. This step is crucial in shaping our perception of the world around us, as it determines what information we take in and process further.