Matter And Energy Unit Test 1.5
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The tiny particles that make up all matter are called
- A.
Genes
- B.
Atoms
- C.
Minerals
- D.
Cells
Correct Answer
B. AtomsExplanation
Atoms are the tiny particles that make up all matter. They are the basic building blocks of everything in the universe, including genes, minerals, and cells. Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for building proteins, not particles of matter. Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances, but they are composed of atoms. Cells are the basic units of life, but they are made up of atoms as well. Therefore, atoms are the correct answer as they are the fundamental particles that make up all matter.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which model is used by scientists to determine the properties of elements?
- A.
A Punnett square
- B.
The Periodic Table
- C.
A pedigree chart
- D.
The rock cycle
Correct Answer
B. The Periodic TableExplanation
The Periodic Table is used by scientists to determine the properties of elements. It is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. The table provides information about each element's atomic mass, symbol, atomic number, and other important characteristics. By referring to the Periodic Table, scientists can understand the properties of elements such as their reactivity, valence electrons, and physical states, which are crucial for conducting experiments and understanding the behavior of different substances.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Some common substances and their chemical formulas are listed in the chart below. Which of these substances are elements?
- A.
Hydrochloric acid and carbonic acid
- B.
Carbon dioxide and water
- C.
Oxygen and water
- D.
Helium and oxygen
Correct Answer
D. Helium and oxygenExplanation
The substances helium and oxygen are elements because they cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Hydrochloric acid and carbonic acid are not elements, as they are compounds made up of multiple elements. Carbon dioxide and water are also compounds, consisting of carbon and oxygen, and hydrogen and oxygen respectively.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which statement is true about the charges assigned to an electron and a proton?
- A.
Both an electron and a proton are positive
- B.
An electron is positive and a proton is negative
- C.
An electron is negative and a proton is positive
- D.
Both an electron and a proton are negative
Correct Answer
C. An electron is negative and a proton is positiveExplanation
An electron is negatively charged because it has a surplus of negative particles called electrons. On the other hand, a proton is positively charged because it has a surplus of positive particles called protons. Therefore, the statement that an electron is negative and a proton is positive is true.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing
- A.
Atomic number
- B.
Mass number
- C.
Number of isotopes
- D.
Number of moles
Correct Answer
A. Atomic numberExplanation
The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. This is because the atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which determines its identity as a specific element. By arranging the elements in order of increasing atomic number, the Periodic Table allows for a systematic organization of elements based on their properties and characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The diagram below shows the geometric structure of a molecule of water (H2O). What do the symbols and represent in the model?
- A.
Genetic material
- B.
Chemical bonds
- C.
Cells
- D.
Atoms
Correct Answer
D. AtomsExplanation
The symbols in the model represent atoms. In the diagram, "H" represents a hydrogen atom and "O" represents an oxygen atom. These atoms are arranged in a specific geometric structure to form a molecule of water (H2O).Rate this question:
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- 7.
The table below shows the chemical symbols for some common elements. Based on the information in the table, which of the four substance below is a compound?
- A.
CO
- B.
Si
- C.
Fe
- D.
He
Correct Answer
A. COExplanation
The chemical symbol CO represents the compound carbon monoxide. A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. In this case, carbon (C) and oxygen (O) are combined to form carbon monoxide (CO). Therefore, CO is the only substance among the options provided that is a compound.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which diagram best represents molecules of matter in the solid phase?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
B. 2Explanation
Diagram 2 best represents molecules of matter in the solid phase because the molecules are tightly packed together in a regular, organized pattern. This arrangement is characteristic of solids, where the molecules have strong attractive forces holding them in place and vibrating in fixed positions. Diagrams 1, 3, and 4 show molecules that are either too spread out or not in a regular pattern, which are not characteristic of solids.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which substance is usually found in nature as a liquid, solid, and gas?
- A.
Water
- B.
Rock
- C.
Metal
- D.
Glass
Correct Answer
A. WaterExplanation
Water is usually found in nature as a liquid, solid, and gas. In its liquid form, it is commonly seen in lakes, rivers, and oceans. It can also exist as a solid in the form of ice, which is found in glaciers and polar regions. Additionally, water can be present as a gas in the form of water vapor, which is found in the atmosphere. This versatility in its states of matter is due to the unique properties of water molecules, such as hydrogen bonding.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A wet shirt is put on a clothesline to dry on a sunny day. The shirt dries because water molecules
- A.
Gain heat energy and condense
- B.
Gain heat energy and evaporate
- C.
Lose heat energy and condense
- D.
Lose heat energy and evaporate
Correct Answer
B. Gain heat energy and evaporateExplanation
On a sunny day, the shirt dries because the water molecules in the shirt gain heat energy from the sun. This increase in heat energy causes the water molecules to evaporate, meaning they transform from a liquid state to a gaseous state. As the water molecules evaporate, they leave the shirt, resulting in the shirt drying.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which graph correctly shows the effect of heat energy on the motion of molecules of matter?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
C. 3 -
- 12.
Which observation would be evidence that the water is undergoing a phase change?
- A.
Waves form on the top of the pond.
- B.
Water soaks into the wet sand.
- C.
The water splashes out of the swimming pool.
- D.
The water level in the glass of water decreases.
Correct Answer
D. The water level in the glass of water decreases.Explanation
The water level in the glass of water decreases is evidence that the water is undergoing a phase change because when water evaporates and changes from a liquid to a gas, the level of water in a container will decrease.Rate this question:
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- 13.
How is heat energy transferred within the liquid water in the pond?
- A.
Compound formation
- B.
Convection currents
- C.
Chemical reactions
- D.
Nuclear reactions
Correct Answer
B. Convection currentsExplanation
Convection currents are the correct answer because heat energy is transferred within liquid water in a pond through the movement of the water itself. As the water near the bottom of the pond is heated, it becomes less dense and rises to the surface, while the cooler water near the surface sinks to the bottom. This creates a continuous circulation of water, which allows heat energy to be transferred throughout the pond. This process is known as convection and is a common method of heat transfer in fluids.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The four diagrams below model the results of mixing atoms of different substances. Each atom is represented by a different symbol. Which diagram correctly models a chemical change?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
B. 2Explanation
In diagram 2, the symbols representing the atoms are rearranged, indicating that a chemical change has occurred. In the other diagrams, the symbols remain the same, suggesting that no chemical change has taken place.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The diagram below shows a boy observing a fish located at position B below the surface of the water. The boy sees the fish at position A. The apparent position of the fish is different from the actual position of the fish. What has happened to the light passing through the water to cause this difference?
- A.
Reflection
- B.
Absorption
- C.
Compression
- D.
Refraction
Correct Answer
D. RefractionExplanation
When light passes from one medium (such as air) to another medium (such as water) with a different refractive index, it changes direction. This phenomenon is called refraction. In this case, when the light from the fish travels from the water to the air, it bends away from the normal (the line perpendicular to the surface of the water). As a result, the apparent position of the fish appears higher than its actual position, causing the boy to see the fish at position A instead of position B.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Hydrochloric acid is added to a beaker containing a piece of zinc. As a result, zinc chloride is formed and hydrogen gas is released. This is an example of
- A.
A chemical reaction
- B.
A physical change
- C.
Photosynthesis
- D.
Evaporation
Correct Answer
A. A chemical reactionExplanation
When hydrochloric acid is added to zinc, a chemical reaction occurs. The hydrochloric acid reacts with the zinc to form zinc chloride, a new substance, and hydrogen gas is released. This is a clear indication of a chemical reaction taking place, as new substances are formed and there is a release of gas. A physical change, on the other hand, does not result in the formation of new substances. Photosynthesis and evaporation are unrelated processes and do not apply to this situation.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which form of energy is needed to change water from a liquid to a gas?
- A.
Heat
- B.
Mechanical
- C.
Chemical
- D.
Sound
Correct Answer
A. HeatExplanation
When water changes from a liquid to a gas, it undergoes the process of evaporation. This requires the input of energy in the form of heat. Heat energy is absorbed by the water molecules, causing them to gain enough energy to break the intermolecular forces holding them together and transform into a gaseous state.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A student crumples up a sheet of paper. Which property of the paper has changed?
- A.
Color
- B.
Mass
- C.
State
- D.
Shape
Correct Answer
D. ShapeExplanation
The correct answer is shape because when the student crumples up the sheet of paper, its physical appearance changes from being flat to having a different form or structure. The paper no longer retains its original shape and has been altered in terms of its arrangement or configuration.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Sound will not travel in a
- A.
Solid
- B.
Gas
- C.
Liquid
- D.
Vacuum
Correct Answer
D. VacuumExplanation
Sound requires a medium to travel through, such as air, water, or solids. In a vacuum, there is no medium for sound waves to propagate, so sound cannot travel. This is because sound waves are mechanical waves that rely on the vibration of particles in a medium to transmit energy. In the absence of particles, as in a vacuum, there is no medium for the sound waves to pass through, resulting in the inability of sound to travel.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which statement best describes the property of light waves illustrated in the diagram below?
- A.
Some materials absorb light waves
- B.
Some materials reflect light waves
- C.
Light waves are refracted by some materials
- D.
Light waves are emitted by some materials
Correct Answer
C. Light waves are refracted by some materialsExplanation
The diagram shows a light wave passing through a material and changing direction. This phenomenon is known as refraction. Refraction occurs when light waves travel from one medium to another with a different optical density, causing the waves to bend. Therefore, the correct answer is "Light waves are refracted by some materials."Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which diagram represents electromagnetic energy with the shortest wavelength?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
B. BExplanation
The diagram B represents electromagnetic energy with the shortest wavelength because the wavelength is inversely proportional to the energy. In the electromagnetic spectrum, shorter wavelengths correspond to higher energy. Therefore, diagram B, which has the shortest wavelength among the given options, represents electromagnetic energy with the highest energy level.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The picture below shows a ringing bell inside a vacuum jar. As air is pumped from the vacuum jar, the sound level of the ringing bell will decrease until it can no longer be heard. This happens because air must be present in the jar in order for
- A.
Sound to be transferred
- B.
Electricity to flow through the wires
- C.
The rubber to seal the jar
- D.
The bell clanger to vibrate
Correct Answer
A. Sound to be transferredExplanation
When air is pumped out of the vacuum jar, the sound level of the ringing bell decreases because sound requires a medium, such as air, to travel through. In the absence of air, there are no particles to vibrate and carry the sound waves, resulting in the sound becoming fainter and eventually disappearing.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A common characteristic of sound waves is that they
- A.
Are created by vibrations
- B.
Travel in straight lines toward the source
- C.
Travel fastest through empty space
- D.
Move at the speed of light
Correct Answer
A. Are created by vibrationsExplanation
Sound waves are created by vibrations because sound is a mechanical wave that requires a medium to travel through. When an object vibrates, it creates disturbances in the surrounding medium, which propagates as sound waves. These waves consist of compressions and rarefactions that travel through air, water, or any other medium, allowing us to hear sound. Therefore, the statement "are created by vibrations" accurately describes the common characteristic of sound waves.Rate this question:
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- 24.
When a person speaks into a telephone, sound energy is changed mostly into which form of energy?
- A.
Heat
- B.
Light
- C.
Electrical
- D.
Chemical
Correct Answer
C. ElectricalExplanation
When a person speaks into a telephone, the sound energy is converted mostly into electrical energy. This is because the sound waves produced by the person's voice cause the microphone in the telephone to vibrate. These vibrations are then converted into electrical signals that can be transmitted through the telephone lines.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Chemical and physical changes are a part of everyday life. What are 2 ways that humans use chemical changes and physical changes to their advantage? (Use RAFFT or any short response technique to answer this quesiton in the space provided)
.png "The diagram below shows the geometric structure of a molecule of water (H2O).
What do the symbols and represent in the model?")
.png "Which graph correctly shows the effect of heat energy on the motion of molecules of matter?")
.jpg "How is heat energy transferred within the liquid water in the pond?")
.png "Which statement best describes the property of light waves illustrated in the diagram below?")
.png "Which diagram represents electromagnetic energy with the shortest wavelength?")
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