Plumbing: Master Plumber Exam! Trivia Questions Quiz

The explanation for the given correct answer is that an exposed and readily accessible drawn brass tubing trap, with a minimum gauge of 17 B&S (1.1 mm), can be used on fixtures that discharge domestic sewage. However, it should not be used for urine.

The correct answer is "Wash down." This option is the best choice because it is the least expensive option and is easy to clean and empty through a small irregular passage. Additionally, it is not subject to clogging and is not noisy. However, it is important to note that some health codes prohibit the use of wash down toilets.

The hydropneumatic tank is used in the up-feed pumping system to store air under pressure. This stored air helps to balance out the surges from the two domestic pumps, reducing the need for frequent starting and stopping of the motor. By providing a cushion of air, the hydropneumatic tank helps to maintain a consistent water pressure in the system, preventing any sudden fluctuations. This ensures a more efficient and reliable operation of the pumping system.

Manually controlled flushometer valves should not be used to flush more than one urinal. This is because manually controlled valves require physical interaction to initiate flushing, which can lead to water wastage if multiple urinals are flushed simultaneously. To ensure water conservation, it is recommended to use automatic flushometer valves or other efficient flushing systems for multiple urinals.

During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Filipino plumbers were responsible for the upkeep and renovation of plumbing systems in various towns, including important structures such as churches, convents, and government buildings. This indicates that the Filipino plumbers played a crucial role in maintaining the infrastructure of these towns during that time period.

RA 6969, also known as the Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990, is the correct answer because it specifically deals with the regulation and control of toxic substances and hazardous and nuclear wastes in the Philippines. This law aims to protect public health and the environment by ensuring the proper handling, storage, transportation, and disposal of these substances and wastes. It establishes guidelines and procedures for the identification, assessment, and management of hazardous and toxic substances, as well as the licensing and monitoring of facilities involved in their production, importation, exportation, and use.

The term "schedule" in the context of pipes and tubes refers to a standardized system that specifies the wall thickness of the pipe. It helps in determining the strength and pressure rating of the pipe, as well as its suitability for various applications. The schedule number corresponds to a specific wall thickness, with higher numbers indicating thicker walls. Therefore, the correct answer is "schedule" because it accurately describes the parameter being discussed.

A vacuum breaker is a device that prevents the backflow of contaminated water into the main water supply. It is commonly used in plumbing systems to protect against potential contamination. In the context of a urinal, a vacuum breaker is necessary to ensure that the water supply remains safe and free from any potential contaminants.

A compression valve is a type of valve that is used to shut off the water flow by screwing down a flat disk onto its seat. This type of valve is commonly used in plumbing systems to control the flow of water. The screwing action compresses a washer or seal against the seat, creating a tight seal and preventing any water from passing through. Compression valves are often used in faucets, toilets, and other plumbing fixtures where a reliable shut-off is required.

Piping passing through concrete floors on the ground should be sealed. This is important to prevent any leaks or seepage of fluids, gases, or moisture from the piping system. Sealing the voids around the piping ensures the integrity of the system and prevents any potential damage to the concrete floor. It also helps to maintain the safety and efficiency of the piping system.

The correct answer is tape. Tape is acceptable for use on male threads, only if screwed pipe joint. This suggests that tape can be used as a sealant or to prevent leaks in plumbing or piping systems, specifically on male threads. It is important to use the correct type of tape for this purpose to ensure a proper seal.

The given answer, 1966 - 1969, suggests that during this time period, the Board of Examiners for Master Plumbers and the NAMPAP collaborated to create a Curriculum for Plumbing Engineering. This curriculum was approved by the Department of Education and was first implemented at the Feati University.

The recognized plumbers were sought after by the elite group, known as the "ilustrados," to provide guidance to plumber journeymen on plumbing installations in villas and mansions. This suggests that the plumbers were considered experts in their field and were trusted to handle the plumbing needs of the wealthy and influential individuals residing in villas and mansions.

Friar Engineers were the ones who built the government buildings, residential and other structures and incorporated European standards in their plumbing installations.

Trenches that are deeper than the footing of any building or structure and parallel to it should be at least 45⁰ away from the building or structure. This is to ensure that the stability of the building or structure is not compromised by the trench excavation. Placing the trench at a 45⁰ angle helps to prevent any potential collapse or damage to the foundation.

The correct answer is 152 mm. This measurement refers to the vertical distance from an inlet to the finished floor line of a typical water closet flush tank. It is important to know this measurement in order to properly install and connect the water supply to the flush tank.

The correct answer is "one pipe size". According to the given information, vent pipes should extend above the roof or be reconnected with the soil or waste stack vent below the roof. In the case of the vent through the roof, it should be increased by one pipe size above the reconnection point of the stack vent and horizontal vent. This means that the diameter of the vent pipe should be increased by one size above the point where it reconnects with the other vents.

Schedule refers to the thickness of a pipe wall. In this case, "schedule 80" indicates that the pipe has a thicker wall compared to the other options listed (schedule 10, schedule 40, and schedule 180). The higher the schedule number, the thicker the pipe wall, indicating a higher pressure rating or strength. Therefore, "schedule 80" is the correct answer as it represents an extra strong pipe.

An air chamber is a pressure surge-absorbing device that operates through the compressibility of air. It is typically installed in plumbing systems to prevent water hammer, which is a sudden increase in pressure caused by the sudden stoppage or change in direction of water flow. When water flow is suddenly stopped, the air in the chamber compresses, absorbing the pressure surge and preventing damage to the plumbing system.

The correct answer is an approved adapter coupling. This type of coupling is specifically designed and approved for joining asbestos cement pipe with other approved pipes. It ensures a secure and leak-free connection between the two pipes, providing a reliable and durable joint. The use of an approved adapter coupling is important to maintain the integrity and functionality of the piping system.

A pH value of 0 indicates a highly acidic solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most alkaline. A pH value of 7 is considered neutral, while values below 7 are acidic and values above 7 are alkaline. Therefore, the correct answer is "acidic" as pH 0 falls within the acidic range of the scale.

Interceptors or clarifiers in sand and similar heavy solids need to be designed and located in a way that allows easy access for cleaning. Additionally, they should have a water seal of at least 152 mm deep. This depth ensures that the seal is effective in preventing the escape of odors and gases, as well as preventing the entry of insects and rodents. A deeper water seal also helps to trap and separate the heavy solids effectively, allowing for efficient cleaning and maintenance of the interceptors or clarifiers.

Fusion welding is the process of joining two pieces of material by melting them together using heat. In the case of connecting PPR (Polypropylene Random Copolymer) pipes, fusion welding is the most common and recommended method. It involves heating the ends of the pipes and then pressing them together to form a strong and leak-proof connection. This method ensures a secure and durable connection between PPR pipes, making it the correct answer for connecting PPR.

SDR = Standard Dimensional Ratio

The correct answer is "accepted engineering practices." This means that all design, construction, and workmanship should adhere to the commonly recognized and approved methods and standards used in the field of engineering. These practices ensure that the project is carried out in a safe, efficient, and effective manner, meeting industry standards and regulations. It emphasizes the importance of using proven techniques and methodologies that have been accepted and validated by the engineering community.

When both buildings are located on an interior and a driveway cannot be used, it is necessary to extend the building drain from the front building to the rear building. This is because there is no other accessible route to connect the drainage system of the two buildings.

Joints at the roof, around pipes, need to be made watertight to prevent water leakage. Flashing material is commonly used for this purpose. It is a thin, waterproof material, typically made of metal or rubber, that is installed around protrusions in the roof to create a watertight seal. Flashing material is specifically designed to withstand weather elements and provide a durable and long-lasting solution for sealing joints and preventing water penetration. Sealing compound, 15 lb felt, and calcium are not typically used for this purpose, making flashing material the correct answer.

Fixtures with concealed slip joint connections need to be provided with a utility space or access panel. This is necessary because concealed slip joint connections are not easily accessible for maintenance or repairs. By having a utility space or access panel, it allows for easier access to these connections, making it more convenient to perform any necessary repairs or maintenance tasks.

A cap is a fitting that is used to close the end of a pipe. It can be fitted, screwed, or caulked over the pipe end to provide a secure closure. Caps are commonly used in plumbing systems to prevent the flow of water or other substances through the pipe. They are also used in various other applications where it is necessary to seal off the end of a pipe.

The vent pipe opening from a soil or waste pipe, except for water closets and similar fixtures, shall not be below the weir of the trap. This means that the vent pipe opening should be positioned above the trap's weir to ensure proper ventilation and prevent any backflow or siphoning of gases or waste.

horizontal copper 38mm and smaller >> 1.8 m intervals; 51 mm and larger >> 3 m intervals

Absolute pressure is the total pressure exerted by a fluid, including both the pressure measured by a pressure gauge (gage pressure) and the pressure exerted by the atmosphere (atmospheric pressure). Therefore, the correct answer is gage pressure + atmospheric pressure.

Each vent pipe or stack through roof (SVTR) shall extend its flashing all around and the stack vent shall terminate vertically not less than 15 cm above the roof nor less than 0.3 meter from any vertical surface nearby.

The correct answer is 2411. The question provides information about the creation of the Department of Public Services of the City of Manila by an Act of Congress initiated by NAMPAP. It also mentions the enactment of a City Ordinance related to plumbing in consultation with NAMPAP. The number 2411 does not have any relevance or connection to the given information.

Inside the hydropneumatic tank, there is a mechanism that detects a drop in air pressure. When this drop in air pressure is detected, it sends signals to start the pump. At the same time, the rise of water level is also detected and automatically sends signals to stop the motor. This ensures that the pump is activated when the air pressure drops, and the motor is stopped when the water level rises to the desired level.

The combination of fittings that may be used to make an offset and is considered a vertical pipe is 1 - 45⁰ & 1 - 45⁰. This means that two 45⁰ fittings are used to create the offset, with one fitting placed above the other. This combination allows for a smooth change in direction while maintaining the vertical alignment of the pipe.

Insulating hot water pipes reduces heat loss by up to 80%. This is because insulation acts as a barrier, preventing heat from escaping the pipes and transferring to the surrounding environment. By reducing heat loss, insulation helps to maintain the temperature of the water inside the pipes for longer periods, resulting in energy savings and more efficient hot water distribution.

The standard length of a fire hose is 23 meters.

Fajardo book = 160 dfu; RNPCP = 216 dfu

PD 223 is the correct answer because it is the law that created the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). The PRC is a government agency in the Philippines that regulates and supervises various professions, ensuring that professionals meet the necessary qualifications and standards. PD 1096 is the National Building Code of the Philippines, which is unrelated to the creation of the PRC. RA 9275 is the Philippine Clean Water Act, also unrelated to the PRC. PD 856 is the Sanitation Code of the Philippines, again unrelated to the creation of the PRC.

service sink/slop sink = 51 mm or 2 inches

The trap size of fixtures for water closets is typically 3". This refers to the diameter of the pipe that is used to connect the fixture to the drainage system. A larger trap size helps to prevent clogs and allows for efficient flow of waste and water.

A joint obtained by joining metal parts with metallic mixtures or alloys that melt at a temperature up to and including 840⁰F is known as a soldered joint.

3 meters intervals >>19mm or smaller pipes; 3.6 meters intervals >> 25 mm and larger

Screws or bolts for securing floor mounted fixtures should be made of brass. Brass is a durable and corrosion-resistant material that is commonly used in plumbing and construction applications. It provides a strong and secure fastening option for floor mounted fixtures, ensuring that they remain securely in place. Brass is also aesthetically pleasing and can complement the overall design of the fixture. Additionally, brass has good electrical conductivity, making it suitable for grounding purposes if needed.

The correct answer is "siphonage and back-pressure." Plumbing fixture traps need to be protected against siphonage, which is the process of water being drawn out of a trap due to negative pressure, and back-pressure, which is the opposite of siphonage and occurs when there is excessive pressure in the plumbing system. This protection ensures that the traps maintain their water seals and prevent sewer gases from entering the building.

The correct answer is November 28, 1967. This date marks the approval of the First Amendment to the National Plumbing Code, which resulted in the inclusion of "Asbestos Cement Pipe" as an approved plumbing material.

A mixing valve that senses outlet temperature and compensates for fluctuation in incoming hot or cold water temperature is referred to as a thermostatic (temp. control) valve. This type of valve is designed to maintain a consistent temperature of the water by adjusting the proportions of hot and cold water based on the desired outlet temperature. It senses the temperature of the outgoing water and adjusts the flow of hot and cold water accordingly to achieve the desired temperature, compensating for any changes in the incoming water temperature.

The combination building sewer refers to a sewer system that is designed to carry both sewage and stormwater. This means that it is responsible for transporting both the waste from inside the building (sewage) and the rainwater that accumulates outside (stormwater). This type of sewer is commonly used in areas where separate systems for sewage and stormwater are not feasible or cost-effective.

The term "authority having jurisdiction" refers to the organization, office, or individual who is responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard. This entity has the power and authority to interpret and apply the regulations, ensuring that they are followed and complied with. They play a crucial role in ensuring the safety, integrity, and compliance of buildings, structures, and systems.

Mechanical devices are used for backfilling when there is at least a 12-inch covering above any piping. This ensures that there is enough soil or material to protect and support the piping, preventing damage or collapse. A 12-inch covering provides sufficient cushioning and stability for the piping, making it a suitable requirement for backfilling.

Tub waste openings in framed construction need to be protected to prevent debris from entering the drain system. Metal collars or screens are the most suitable options for this purpose as they provide a durable and effective barrier. They can be securely attached to the opening, ensuring that no unwanted materials can pass through. This helps maintain the integrity and functionality of the drain system, reducing the risk of clogs or damage.

Cleanout plugs and caps are used in plumbing systems to provide access for cleaning and clearing blockages. These plugs and caps are often located at strategic points along the pipes, such as at the base of a vertical pipe or at the bends in a horizontal pipe. To ensure that these plugs and caps can be easily removed when needed, they should be lubricated with a water-insoluble, non-hardening material. This lubrication helps to prevent the plugs and caps from becoming stuck or difficult to remove over time.

Cement mortar joints are the correct answer because they are allowed on new building sewers for repairs and connections to existing line construction. This means that when there is a need to repair or connect to an existing line, cement mortar joints can be used. The other options, burned lead joint, wiped joint, and threaded joint, are not allowed on new building sewers except for specific cases.

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PEX (cross-linked polyethylene) is a type of flexible plumbing tubing that is commonly used in residential and commercial applications. The acceptable joints for PEX shall be metal insert or metal compression. This means that when connecting PEX tubing, metal inserts or metal compression fittings should be used to ensure a secure and leak-free joint. These fittings provide a reliable and durable connection between the PEX tubing and other plumbing components, such as valves or fixtures. The use of solvent cemented, shielded coupling, or mechanical joints is not recommended for PEX tubing.

Wall-mounted water closets need to be securely bolted to a carrier fitting. A carrier fitting is a metal frame that is installed in the wall to provide support and stability for the water closet. It helps distribute the weight of the toilet and prevents it from coming loose or falling off the wall. This is important for ensuring the safety and durability of the installation.

38 mm

After caulking the finished joint, it is important that the caulk does not extend too far below the rim hub. This is because if the caulk extends too far, it may interfere with the proper functioning of the joint or create an unsightly appearance. Therefore, the correct answer is 3.2 mm, as this is the maximum distance that the caulk should extend below the rim hub to ensure a proper and aesthetically pleasing caulk joint.

A leveling rod is used in measuring the vertical distance between a point on the ground. It is a graduated rod that is commonly used in surveying and construction projects to determine the elevation or height of different points. The rod is marked with measurements and is held vertically against a reference point, such as a benchmark or a leveling instrument, to determine the height difference between the two points. This allows engineers and surveyors to accurately measure and level the ground for various purposes, such as building construction or land surveying.

The minimum area of any vent installed in a CW & VS system should be at least half of the inside cross-sectional area of the drainpipe served. This ensures proper ventilation and prevents any potential blockages or restrictions in the drainage system.

In 1902, the plumbing trade was officially recognized by the government. The City of Manila served as the exemplary community in this regard.

When an interceptor acts as a primary settling tank and discharges through a horizontal indirect waste pipe into a secondary interceptor, vent piping may be omitted. However, the second interceptor still needs to be properly tapped and vented. Therefore, the correct answer is the second interceptor.

Convection is the correct answer because it involves the transfer of heat through the upward movement of warm air currents. This process occurs when warmer air rises and cooler air sinks, creating a circular flow of air. As the warm air rises, it carries heat energy with it, resulting in the transfer of heat. Convection is commonly observed in natural phenomena such as the rising of hot air balloons, the circulation of ocean currents, and the movement of air in our atmosphere.

0.75 m >>> RNPCP

A dumpy level is a surveying instrument that consists of a short inverted telescope rigidly affixed to a base. It is designed to rotate only in a horizontal plane, allowing surveyors to measure horizontal distances and angles accurately. This instrument is commonly used for leveling and measuring height differences on construction sites or in land surveying. It is a reliable tool for obtaining precise measurements and ensuring accuracy in surveying tasks.

A relief vent is a type of vent that is primarily used to provide air circulation between drainage and vent systems. It helps to prevent the buildup of pressure in the plumbing system by allowing air to escape. This is important for maintaining proper drainage and preventing issues such as clogs and backups. A relief vent is different from other types of vents, such as re-vents, circuit vents, and local vents, as it specifically serves the function of air circulation between drainage and vent systems.

Cleanouts may not be required on any wet-vented branch serving a single trap when the fixture tailpiece or connection is not less than 51 mm in diameter and provide ready access for cleaning through the trap.

When a backflow prevention device does not bear a critical level marking, the part of the device that shall constitute the critical level is the bottom. This means that the bottom of the device is considered the critical level and is used as a reference point for determining the proper installation and functioning of the device.

0.3 meters

Flushing a newly opened drain with hot water for at least 5 minutes is good practice because it helps to clear any debris, dirt, or bacteria that may have accumulated in the drain. Hot water helps to break down and dissolve these substances more effectively than cold water. By flushing the drain for a longer duration, it ensures that any potential blockages or clogs are removed, promoting better drainage and preventing future issues.

A protector rod is a special device used to prevent corrosion in some water heaters. It is designed to attract corrosive elements in the water, such as minerals and sediments, and divert them away from the tank to protect it from damage. By doing so, the protector rod helps to extend the lifespan of the water heater and maintain its efficiency.

The correct answer is building drain. The building drain refers to the lowest horizontal piping of a drainage system that collects the discharge from soil, waste, and other drainage pipes within the walls of a building. It is responsible for carrying the wastewater out of the building and connecting it to the building sewer or the public sewer system.

Before Martial Law in 1972, Republic Act No. 6541, also known as the "Building Code of the Philippines," was passed. This law referred to the "National Plumbing Code of 1959" as the full text for plumbing regulations.

Plumbing took a great leap at the turn of the 20th century with the arrival of American soldiers, engineers, Thomasite teachers, doctors, and evangelists. This suggests that significant advancements and developments in plumbing occurred during the 20th century, likely due to the influence and expertise brought by these individuals.

Each plumbing fixture trap must be protected against siphonage and back-pressure. Siphonage occurs when water is drawn out of the trap due to negative pressure in the system, while back-pressure happens when excessive pressure forces water back into the trap. Both conditions can lead to the loss of the trap seal, which is essential for preventing sewer gases from entering the building. Therefore, protection against siphonage and back-pressure is necessary to maintain the integrity of the plumbing system and ensure the health and safety of occupants.

RA 8749, also known as the Philippine Clean Air Act, is the correct answer because it is the specific legislation that addresses air pollution in the Philippines. It was enacted in 1999 and aims to protect and enhance the quality of air by regulating emissions from stationary and mobile sources. The law sets emission standards, establishes a permitting system, promotes the use of clean technologies, and imposes penalties for non-compliance. RA 386, RA 1364, and PD 198 are not relevant to air pollution control and do not specifically address the issue of clean air in the Philippines.

The correct answer is 2". The trap size of fixtures for urinals (through) is typically 2". This refers to the diameter of the trap, which is the curved section of the pipe that prevents sewer gases from entering the building. A 2" trap size is commonly used for urinals to ensure proper drainage and prevent clogs.

The correct answer is National Fire Protection Association. The NFPA is a non-profit organization that sets safety standards and codes for fire prevention and protection. They provide training, education, and resources to firefighters, engineers, and other professionals in the field. The association also conducts research and advocates for fire safety legislation.

A pipe inside a building that conveys storm water from the roof to a storm drain is called a conductor. This term is commonly used in the construction and plumbing industry to refer to the pipe that carries water or other fluids from one place to another. In this context, the conductor is specifically designed to transport storm water from the roof to the storm drain, ensuring proper drainage and preventing water damage to the building.

To ensure a strong and reliable joint, surfaces to be joined by soldering or brazing need to be cleaned thoroughly. This can be achieved by using mechanical or manual means, such as sanding, wire brushing, or scraping. These methods remove any dirt, oxidation, or contaminants from the surfaces, allowing for better adhesion and a successful solder or braze joint. The use of a self-cleaning flux or a corrosive flux is not mentioned as the correct answer because these are not the primary methods for cleaning the surfaces. Sulfuric acid is not mentioned as the correct answer because it is a highly corrosive substance that is not typically used for cleaning surfaces in soldering or brazing processes.

38 mm = 1.07 m; 51 mm = 1.52 m; 76 mm = 1.83 m; 102 mm and larger = 3.05 m

In 1996, NAMPAP President JAIME M. CABASE took the lead in updating the Revised National Plumbing Code.

The correct answer is HERMOGENES POBRE because the question asks for the name of the Chairman of the Professional Regulation Commission who adopted the Revised Plumbing Code of 1999.

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31 mm

An unconfined space is a room or space that is not enclosed or restricted in any way. The correct answer, 50 ft^3 per 1,000 Btu/hr, means that for every 1,000 Btu/hr of fuel-burning appliances in the space, there should be a volume of at least 50 ft^3 available. This is important to ensure proper ventilation and prevent the buildup of potentially dangerous gases or fumes.

6.8 kg asphalt felt

The correct answer is schedule 80. Schedule 80 refers to the thickness of the pipe wall and is commonly used for threaded plastic pipes. It is thicker and stronger than schedule 40, making it suitable for applications that require higher pressure or more durability. The other options, 1/8 inch and 1/16 inch, are specific measurements of thickness and may not be applicable to all threaded plastic pipes.

When brazing, the alloys used should have a melting temperature of at least 1,000 degrees F. This is because brazing involves joining two metal pieces together by melting a filler metal that has a lower melting point than the base metals being joined. The filler metal then flows into the joint by capillary action and solidifies, creating a strong bond. If the alloys used have a melting temperature lower than 1,000 degrees F, they may not be able to withstand the heat required for brazing, resulting in a weak joint.

The correct answer is 1 ½” because the trap size of fixtures for sinks, including dishwashers, is typically 1 ½”. This size allows for proper drainage and prevents sewer gases from entering the kitchen. A trap is a curved section of pipe that holds water, creating a seal and preventing odors from coming back up through the drain.

Ablution refers to the ceremonial act of washing parts of the body or sacred containers. This practice is often performed as a ritual purification in various religious traditions. It is a way to cleanse oneself physically and spiritually before engaging in prayer or other sacred activities. Ablution is an important aspect of many religious rituals and is seen as a way to purify oneself and show respect for the divine.

Vertical cast iron soil pipes need to be supported at their base to ensure stability and prevent any potential damage or collapse. Additionally, they should be supported at every other story, which means at intervals that correspond to the height of the building's floors. This is important for maintaining the structural integrity of the pipe system and preventing excessive strain or movement.

When installing fuel gas piping, the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall require evidence of the competency of the installers. This is because the installation of fuel gas piping is a critical task that requires expertise and knowledge to ensure safety. The Authority Having Jurisdiction wants to ensure that the installers are competent and capable of properly installing the fuel gas piping to prevent any potential hazards or accidents. By requiring evidence of their competency, the AHJ can ensure that only qualified individuals are responsible for the installation of fuel gas piping.

The overflow pipe from a fixture should be connected on the house or inlet side of the fixture's trap. This is because the trap is designed to prevent sewer gases from entering the building, and connecting the overflow pipe on the house or inlet side ensures that any overflow or excess water will be directed back into the plumbing system before reaching the trap. Connecting it on the sewer or outlet side of the trap could cause the overflow water to bypass the trap and potentially allow sewer gases to enter the building.

The preferable temperature when using automatic laundry and dishwashing machines is 160⁰F. This temperature is ideal for effectively cleaning and sanitizing the dishes and laundry without causing any damage or shrinking. Higher temperatures may lead to damage or shrinking of fabrics and can also cause plastic items in the dishwasher to warp. Lower temperatures may not effectively remove stains and bacteria. Therefore, 160⁰F is the recommended temperature for optimal cleaning and safety.