Marine Biology Exam Part IV
The Struggle's real guys. But we're past halfway!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The energy source for the bacteria that thrive around deep sea hydrothermal vents is:
- A.
Hydrogen sulfide
- B.
Light
- C.
Heat from the vents
Correct Answer
A. Hydrogen sulfideExplanation
The bacteria that thrive around deep sea hydrothermal vents obtain their energy from hydrogen sulfide. These vents release hot, mineral-rich fluids that contain high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide. The bacteria have adapted to utilize this hydrogen sulfide as an energy source through a process called chemosynthesis. They convert the hydrogen sulfide into organic compounds, which provide the necessary energy for their survival and growth. This unique ability allows these bacteria to thrive in extreme environments where sunlight is not available, making hydrogen sulfide the primary energy source for these organisms.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Bacteria thriving around the deep sea hydrothermal vents are:
- A.
Symbiotyc
- B.
Chemiosynthetic
- C.
Photsynthetic
- D.
Douchebags
Correct Answer
B. ChemiosyntheticExplanation
Bacteria thriving around deep sea hydrothermal vents are chemiosynthetic. This means that they obtain their energy by converting inorganic compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, into organic matter. They do not rely on sunlight for energy like photosynthetic bacteria do. These chemiosynthetic bacteria play a crucial role in the ecosystem by providing a source of energy for other organisms in the deep sea.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The giant deep sea hydrothermal vent tubeworm feeds on:
- A.
Plankton
- B.
Detritus
- C.
None of the above, it has no mouth
Correct Answer
C. None of the above, it has no mouthExplanation
The giant deep sea hydrothermal vent tubeworm does not have a mouth, so it is unable to feed on plankton or detritus. Instead, these tubeworms rely on a symbiotic relationship with chemosynthetic bacteria. The bacteria live inside the tubeworm's body and produce organic molecules using the chemicals found in the hydrothermal vent fluids. The tubeworm absorbs these organic molecules through its body wall, providing it with the necessary nutrients for survival. Therefore, the correct answer is "none of the above, it has no mouth."Rate this question:
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- 4.
The major advantage that deep sea benthic animals have over pelagic ones is that their food
- A.
Is easier to digest
- B.
Falls to the bottom and stays in one place
- C.
Gets to be eaten before it gets to pelagic animals
Correct Answer
B. Falls to the bottom and stays in one placeExplanation
Deep sea benthic animals have the major advantage of their food falling to the bottom and staying in one place. This allows them to easily access and consume their food without having to search or compete for it like pelagic animals. The stationary nature of the food source makes it easier for benthic animals to digest and utilize the nutrients efficiently.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A shrimp that occurs in large numbers around deep sea hydrothermal vents does not have eyes. Light sensitive cells on top of the body, however, appear to be used to detect faint light from:
- A.
The surface
- B.
The vents
- C.
Predators
Correct Answer
B. The ventsExplanation
The shrimp that occurs in large numbers around deep sea hydrothermal vents does not have eyes, but it has light-sensitive cells on top of its body. These cells are likely used to detect faint light from the vents. Since the hydrothermal vents emit heat and light, it would make sense for the shrimp to use these light-sensitive cells to navigate and locate the vents, which provide a source of warmth and nutrients. Detecting faint light from the vents would be crucial for the shrimp's survival and ability to thrive in its deep-sea habitat.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Finfish and shellfish provide approximately what percentage of animal protein consumed by humans around the world?
- A.
.5%
- B.
30%
- C.
10%
Correct Answer
B. 30%Explanation
Finfish and shellfish provide approximately 30% of the animal protein consumed by humans around the world. This is a significant percentage, indicating that seafood plays a crucial role in meeting the protein needs of people globally. Seafood is a valuable source of essential nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. It is also a popular food choice due to its variety of flavors and culinary versatility. Therefore, it is not surprising that finfish and shellfish contribute significantly to the overall animal protein intake of the global population.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Traditional fisheries are those that:
- A.
Catch shellfish, not finfish
- B.
Do not use boats
- C.
Use relatively simple gear and methods
- D.
Do not sell to the public
Correct Answer
C. Use relatively simple gear and methodsExplanation
Traditional fisheries are characterized by the use of relatively simple gear and methods. This means that they employ traditional and age-old techniques for catching fish, rather than relying on modern and advanced technologies. These methods may include the use of nets, traps, or simple fishing lines. The emphasis is on simplicity and sustainability, with a focus on maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and preserving traditional fishing practices.Rate this question:
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- 8.
When did the world population reach 5 billion?
- A.
Not yet, by 2020
- B.
Late 1980s
- C.
Yesterday
- D.
1995
Correct Answer
B. Late 1980sExplanation
The correct answer is "late 1980s". This is the time period when the world population reached 5 billion.Rate this question:
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- 9.
One nation where annual catches have not decreased since the 80s:
- A.
US
- B.
China
- C.
Russia
- D.
Middle Earth
Correct Answer
B. ChinaExplanation
China is the correct answer because it is known for having a large and active fishing industry. Despite concerns about overfishing and declining fish stocks worldwide, China has continued to maintain high annual catches since the 80s. This can be attributed to China's vast coastline, large population, and strong demand for seafood. The country has implemented various policies and regulations to manage its fisheries, but the scale of its fishing activities has made it challenging to effectively control and reduce catches. As a result, China's annual catches have remained consistently high over the years.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Most marine foods are taken from
- A.
Coral reefs
- B.
The continental shelf
- C.
Open waters
- D.
Estuaries
Correct Answer
B. The continental shelfExplanation
The correct answer is the continental shelf. The continental shelf is the shallow, submerged portion of a continent that extends from the shoreline to the drop-off point where the ocean floor begins to slope more steeply. It is a rich and productive area that supports a diverse range of marine life, including fish, shellfish, and other organisms that are commonly harvested for food. The continental shelf provides important habitats and feeding grounds for many species, making it a prime source for marine foods. Coral reefs, open waters, and estuaries also support marine life, but they are not the primary source of marine foods as compared to the continental shelf.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The largest fish catches are of
- A.
Tuna
- B.
Herrings, sardines, and other clupepoids
- C.
Salmon
Correct Answer
B. Herrings, sardines, and other clupepoidsExplanation
The correct answer is herrings, sardines, and other clupepoids. This is because tuna and salmon are not clupepoids, but herrings, sardines, and other clupepoids are known to have the largest fish catches.Rate this question:
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- 12.
By definition, demersal catches are those that are harvested from:
- A.
The open water
- B.
The bottom
- C.
Estuaries
Correct Answer
B. The bottomExplanation
Demersal catches refer to the type of catches that are harvested from the bottom of the water bodies. This means that the correct answer is "the bottom". Demersal species are typically found near or on the seabed, such as flatfish, cod, and halibut. These species are often caught using bottom trawling or bottom longline fishing methods. Therefore, the correct answer accurately describes the location from which demersal catches are harvested.Rate this question:
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- 13.
By definition, pelagic catches are those that are harvested from:
- A.
The open water
- B.
The bottom
- C.
Estuaries
Correct Answer
A. The open waterExplanation
Pelagic catches are defined as those that are harvested from the open water. This means that the fish or other marine organisms are caught in the ocean or sea, away from the bottom or estuaries. Pelagic species are typically found in the upper layers of the water column, away from the seabed. These catches include fish like tuna, mackerel, and sardines, as well as other marine organisms like krill. Harvesting from the open water allows for a wide range of species to be caught and is often done using methods like trawling or purse seining.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Clupepoid fish:
- A.
Feed on small fish
- B.
Feed on plankton
- C.
Are caught exclusively for industrial purposes
Correct Answer
B. Feed on planktonExplanation
Clupepoid fish are known to feed on plankton. Plankton is a microscopic organism that serves as a primary food source for many small fish species. Clupepoid fish, being part of this group, rely on plankton as their main source of nutrition. They have specialized feeding mechanisms that allow them to filter and consume these tiny organisms from the water. This feeding behavior is essential for their survival and plays a significant role in the ecological balance of aquatic ecosystems.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The major fishing areas of the world are mostly located in waters:
- A.
Where coral reefs are common
- B.
In open waters from coasts
- C.
Where coastal upwelling takes place
Correct Answer
C. Where coastal upwelling takes placeExplanation
Coastal upwelling is the process where cold, nutrient-rich water from the ocean depths rises to the surface. This nutrient-rich water supports the growth of phytoplankton, which in turn attracts small fish and other marine organisms. These small fish then become food for larger fish, creating a thriving ecosystem and attracting commercial fishing activities. Therefore, the major fishing areas of the world are mostly located in waters where coastal upwelling takes place.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The major fishing area in the world is the"
- A.
Northwest pacific
- B.
Mediterranean
- C.
Fantasy island
Correct Answer
A. Northwest pacificExplanation
The correct answer is the northwest pacific. The northwest pacific is considered the major fishing area in the world due to its abundant marine resources and diverse fish populations. This region is known for its large-scale commercial fishing operations and is home to some of the most productive fishing grounds, including the Sea of Japan, East China Sea, and the Bering Sea. The northwest pacific supports a significant portion of the global seafood supply and plays a crucial role in meeting the demand for fish products worldwide.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Trawls are nets that:
- A.
Surround and trap fish
- B.
Float on the surface
- C.
Dragged along the bottom or through the water column
Correct Answer
C. Dragged along the bottom or through the water columnExplanation
Trawls are nets that are dragged along the bottom or through the water column. This method allows the trawls to catch fish and other marine organisms that are swimming or residing in these areas. By being dragged, the trawls can cover a larger area and increase the chances of catching a significant amount of fish. This method is commonly used in commercial fishing to catch a large number of fish in a single haul.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following deep-sea organisms is adapted to survive in hydrothermal vent environments?
- A.
Crown-of-thorns starfish
- B.
Riftia pachyptila (giant tube worm)
- C.
Mola mola (ocean sunfish)
- D.
Chelonia mydas (green sea turtle)
Correct Answer
B. Riftia pachyptila (giant tube worm)Explanation
Riftia pachyptila, commonly known as the giant tube worm, is specifically adapted to live in the extreme conditions of hydrothermal vent environments found on the ocean floor. These organisms rely on chemosynthetic bacteria living in their tissues to convert the chemicals from the vent (such as hydrogen sulfide) into energy. The other species listed do not inhabit such extreme environments.Rate this question:
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- 19.
An example of a marine non renewable source:
- A.
Plankton
- B.
Fish
- C.
Oil
Correct Answer
C. OilExplanation
Oil is considered a marine non-renewable source because it is formed from the remains of marine organisms, such as plankton, over millions of years. These organisms are subjected to heat and pressure, causing them to decompose and transform into oil. Once extracted, oil cannot be replenished within a human timescale, making it a finite resource. Additionally, oil extraction and its use can have detrimental effects on marine ecosystems, further highlighting its non-renewable nature.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The maximum sustainable yield is best defined as the:
- A.
Highest catch that can be taken without overfishing
- B.
The annual size of catch that will balance natural death and predation
- C.
Minimum catch that will still allow the population to grow
Correct Answer
A. Highest catch that can be taken without overfishingExplanation
The maximum sustainable yield refers to the highest catch that can be taken from a population without causing overfishing. This means that the catch should be limited to a level that allows the population to replenish itself and maintain its size in the long term. By setting the catch at this maximum sustainable yield, we can ensure that the population remains healthy and can continue to provide a consistent harvest without depleting its numbers.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Continued catches above the maximum sustainable yield:
- A.
Can be increased to prevent overfishing
- B.
Will result in overfishing
- C.
Will result in underutilization
Correct Answer
B. Will result in overfishingExplanation
Continued catches above the maximum sustainable yield will result in overfishing. This means that if the catches exceed the maximum amount that can be sustainably harvested from a fishery, it will lead to a depletion of fish stocks and disrupt the balance of the ecosystem. Overfishing can have serious consequences, including the collapse of fish populations, loss of biodiversity, and negative impacts on the livelihoods of those dependent on fishing. Therefore, it is important to manage fisheries sustainably and ensure that catches do not exceed the maximum sustainable yield.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Fishing effort refers to all of the following except:
- A.
Number of fishing boats
- B.
Number of fishermen
- C.
Number and size of fishing nets
Correct Answer
C. Number and size of fishing netsExplanation
Fishing effort refers to the amount of activity put into fishing, typically measured by factors such as the number of fishing boats and the number of fishermen involved. It does not include the number and size of fishing nets, as this is more related to the fishing gear used rather than the actual effort put into fishing.Rate this question:
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- 23.
One of the following best describes commercial fisheries around the world:
- A.
Most have been affected by overfishing
- B.
About 20% have been affected by overfishing
- C.
All have been affected by overfishing
Correct Answer
A. Most have been affected by overfishingExplanation
Most commercial fisheries around the world have been affected by overfishing. This is due to a combination of factors such as increased demand for seafood, advancements in fishing technology, and inadequate management and regulation of fishing practices. Overfishing occurs when fish are harvested at a rate that exceeds their ability to reproduce and replenish their populations. This leads to a decline in fish stocks and can have severe ecological and economic consequences. While it is difficult to determine the exact percentage of fisheries affected, it is widely recognized that overfishing is a significant issue globally.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following factors primarily controls the distribution of coral reefs globally?
- A.
Oceanic salinity levels
- B.
Water temperature and light availability
- C.
Nutrient concentration in coastal waters
- D.
Tidal range and wave action
Correct Answer
B. Water temperature and light availabilityExplanation
Coral reefs are primarily found in warm, shallow waters where temperatures range between 23–29°C (73–84°F) and where there is ample sunlight. These conditions are necessary for the photosynthesis of the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) that live within coral tissues and provide them with essential nutrients. Oceanic salinity and tidal ranges are also important but not as critical as temperature and light availability.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of a nation is equal to how many nautical miles?
- A.
1
- B.
4
- C.
10
- D.
200
Correct Answer
D. 200Explanation
The exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of a nation is equal to 200 nautical miles. This zone extends from the country's coastline and gives the nation exclusive rights to explore and exploit natural resources in the surrounding waters. It also grants the country jurisdiction over activities such as fishing, drilling for oil, and mining within this zone. The 200 nautical mile limit is based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which was established to regulate maritime boundaries and ensure the sustainable use of ocean resources.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Most of the krill fished for commercial purposes is caught in:
- A.
Alaska
- B.
Russia
- C.
Antarctica
- D.
Salt Lake City
Correct Answer
C. AntarcticaExplanation
Krill, which are small shrimp-like crustaceans, are primarily found in the cold waters of Antarctica. The Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica is home to large populations of krill, making it the main location for commercial krill fishing. This region provides the ideal habitat and food sources for krill, and it is where the majority of the world's krill catch comes from. The other options, Alaska, Russia, and Salt Lake City, do not have the same suitable conditions for krill populations and are not major krill fishing locations.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The "by-catch" is the name given to:
- A.
Junk species that are caught while fishing for more valuable species
- B.
Species caught for industrial purposes
- C.
Species raised in fish farms
Correct Answer
A. Junk species that are caught while fishing for more valuable speciesExplanation
The term "by-catch" refers to the unintentional catch of non-target species while fishing for more valuable species. These non-target species are often considered as "junk species" because they are not the desired catch and are typically discarded or used for other purposes. This by-catch can include various marine organisms such as fish, turtles, seabirds, and marine mammals, and it is a significant concern as it can lead to overfishing and harm to the ecosystem.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The type of mariculture that takes place under more or less natural conditions with little manipulation by humans is known as:
- A.
Traditional mariculture
- B.
Same-sex mariculture
- C.
Open mariculture
Correct Answer
C. Open maricultureExplanation
Open mariculture refers to the type of mariculture that occurs under natural conditions with minimal human intervention. This means that the cultivation of marine organisms, such as fish or shellfish, takes place in their natural environment without significant manipulation or control by humans. In open mariculture, the organisms are allowed to grow and reproduce naturally, relying on the surrounding ecosystem for their sustenance. This approach is often considered more sustainable and environmentally friendly compared to other forms of mariculture that involve extensive human intervention.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Seeding in mariculture refers to:
- A.
Feeding fry with food raised in land farms
- B.
Enriching natural populations by releasing fish that been farmed for a short time
- C.
Removing diseased fish
Correct Answer
C. Removing diseased fishExplanation
Seeding in mariculture refers to the process of removing diseased fish. This is done to prevent the spread of diseases within the mariculture system. By removing the infected fish, the overall health and well-being of the remaining fish can be maintained. This practice helps to ensure that the mariculture operation remains sustainable and productive.Rate this question:
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- 30.
By the year 2000, farmed fish accounted for approximately what percentage of the total world consumption?
- A.
1%
- B.
10%
- C.
21%
Correct Answer
B. 10%Explanation
In the year 2000, approximately 10% of the total world consumption was accounted for by farmed fish. This indicates that the production and consumption of fish from aquaculture had significantly increased by that time, making up a significant portion of the global fish supply.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following shows the correct level of organization in order of increasing complexity:
- A.
Atom, molecule, organ, population, ecosystem
- B.
Molecule, organ, atom, ecosystem, population
Correct Answer
A. Atom, molecule, organ, population, ecosystemExplanation
A Manatee Only Pleases Everything!Rate this question:
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- 32.
A group of mussels of a particular type living together on a rocky beach is an example of a(n):
- A.
Organ
- B.
Population
- C.
Ecosystem
Correct Answer
B. PopulationExplanation
A group of mussels of a particular type living together on a rocky beach is an example of a population. A population refers to a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interact with one another. In this case, the mussels of the same type make up a population as they are living together in close proximity on the rocky beach.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The ecosystem best encompasses one of the following:
- A.
All living organisms living in one area
- B.
The community or communities and the physical environment
- C.
Populations and communities living in one area
Correct Answer
B. The community or communities and the physical environmentExplanation
The ecosystem best encompasses the community or communities and the physical environment. This is because an ecosystem refers to the interaction between living organisms (community or communities) and their physical surroundings (physical environment). It includes the relationships, energy flow, and nutrient cycling between these components. The concept of an ecosystem emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependence of both living and non-living elements in a specific area.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which of the following coreectly links the type of organisms with the way they live?
- A.
Organisms part of the Nekton swim
- B.
Organisms part of the benthos drift
- C.
Vin Deisel with cars tokyo drift
Correct Answer
A. Organisms part of the Nekton swimExplanation
This answer correctly links the type of organisms with the way they live. Nekton refers to organisms that are capable of swimming and moving independently in the water column, such as fish, turtles, and whales. Therefore, organisms that are part of the Nekton swim.Rate this question:
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- 35.
An example of a community is:
- A.
One giant kelp individual
- B.
A kelp forest plus all of the physical factors affecting it
- C.
A kelp forest plus all organisms living in it
Correct Answer
C. A kelp forest plus all organisms living in itExplanation
The correct answer is a kelp forest plus all organisms living in it. A community refers to all the different species of organisms that live and interact in a particular habitat. In this case, a kelp forest is a specific habitat, and the community would include not only the kelp itself but also all the other organisms that live within the forest, such as fish, sea otters, and various types of invertebrates.Rate this question:
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- 36.
A population may grow until its growth is slowed or stopped as a result of:
- A.
Predation
- B.
Lack of nutrients
- C.
Reduction in light
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "all of the above" because a population can be affected by predation, which means that predators can limit the growth of a population by hunting and killing its members. Lack of nutrients can also limit population growth as it can lead to malnutrition and reduced reproductive success. Similarly, a reduction in light can affect population growth, especially for photosynthetic organisms, as it can limit their ability to produce energy through photosynthesis. Therefore, all three factors (predation, lack of nutrients, reduction in light) can contribute to slowing or stopping the growth of a population.Rate this question:
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- 37.
The type of interaction that results when a resource is in short supply and one organism uses the resource at the expense of the other is called
- A.
Population explosion
- B.
Predation
- C.
Resource partitioning
- D.
Competition
Correct Answer
D. CompetitionExplanation
Competition refers to the type of interaction that occurs when a resource is limited and one organism utilizes the resource at the cost of another organism. In this scenario, the organisms compete for the scarce resource, leading to a struggle for survival and the potential for one organism to outcompete the other. This can result in a decrease in the population of the organism that is unable to access the resource, while the organism that successfully obtains the resource may experience population growth.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Competitive exclusion can best be defined as:
- A.
When one species overcompetes and eliminates another
- B.
The division of resources
- C.
When one species shares resources with another
Correct Answer
A. When one species overcompetes and eliminates anotherExplanation
Competitive exclusion refers to a situation where one species outcompetes and eliminates another species. This occurs when two species have similar resource requirements and compete for limited resources in the same ecological niche. The species that is better adapted or more efficient in utilizing the available resources will eventually outcompete and eliminate the other species. This process is a result of intense competition for resources and can lead to the exclusion of one species from the ecosystem.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The ecological niche of a species is best defined as its:
- A.
Habitat
- B.
Role in the community
- C.
Mode of reproduction
Correct Answer
B. Role in the communityExplanation
The ecological niche of a species refers to its specific role or function within the community it inhabits. This includes its interactions with other species, its position in the food web, and its contribution to ecosystem processes. The habitat refers to the physical environment where a species lives, while the mode of reproduction refers to the specific method by which a species reproduces. Therefore, the best definition of ecological niche is the role a species plays in the community.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Predation can best be defines as:
- A.
A plant takin in nutrients
- B.
An animal eatin another animal
- C.
An animal eatin any other organism
- D.
A plant eatin some KFC
Correct Answer
C. An animal eatin any other organismExplanation
Predation refers to the act of one organism consuming another organism for food. This can include animals eating other animals, animals eating plants, or even animals consuming microorganisms. The correct answer, "an animal eating any other organism," encompasses all these possibilities and accurately defines predation.Rate this question:
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