"Do You Know These Biological Processes?" Quiz

1. Indicate one part of the plant cell below that would not be found in an animal cell. [1]

The correct answer is "chloroplast" because chloroplasts are only found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts. The other options (cell wall and large vacuole) are also found in plant cells, but they can sometimes be found in specialized animal cells as well.

Explanation

The correct answer is "chloroplast" because chloroplasts are only found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts. The other options (cell wall and large vacuole) are also found in plant cells, but they can sometimes be found in specialized animal cells as well.

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2. Which process initially provides the link between an abiotic factor and the energy needs of an entire ecosystem?

Respiration

Photosynthesis

Decomposition

Predation

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. This process provides the link between abiotic factors (such as sunlight and carbon dioxide) and the energy needs of an entire ecosystem. Through photosynthesis, plants produce food (glucose) which serves as a source of energy for other organisms in the ecosystem. Therefore, photosynthesis is the initial process that connects abiotic factors to the energy needs of the ecosystem.

Explanation

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. This process provides the link between abiotic factors (such as sunlight and carbon dioxide) and the energy needs of an entire ecosystem. Through photosynthesis, plants produce food (glucose) which serves as a source of energy for other organisms in the ecosystem. Therefore, photosynthesis is the initial process that connects abiotic factors to the energy needs of the ecosystem.

3. Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?

Ribosome–protein synthesis

Mitochondrion–movement

Vacuole–cell division

Nucleus–storage of nutrients

Ribosomes are the cell structures responsible for protein synthesis. Proteins are essential molecules that perform various functions in the cell, including structural support, enzymatic activity, and cell signaling. Ribosomes read the genetic information stored in the DNA and use it to assemble amino acids into proteins. Therefore, the correct pairing is ribosome–protein synthesis.

Explanation

Ribosomes are the cell structures responsible for protein synthesis. Proteins are essential molecules that perform various functions in the cell, including structural support, enzymatic activity, and cell signaling. Ribosomes read the genetic information stored in the DNA and use it to assemble amino acids into proteins. Therefore, the correct pairing is ribosome–protein synthesis.

4. On hot, dry days, guard cells often close microscopic openings in plant leaves, conserving water. This is an example of

Environmental factors causing gene mutation in plants

Finite resources acting as selecting agents for evolution

A feedback mechanism for maintaining homeostasis

Differentiation in plants as a result of stimuli

The correct answer is a feedback mechanism for maintaining homeostasis. In hot, dry days, plants need to conserve water to prevent dehydration. The closing of microscopic openings in plant leaves, controlled by guard cells, helps to reduce water loss through transpiration. This process is a feedback mechanism because it is a response to the changing environmental conditions in order to maintain a stable internal environment, or homeostasis, within the plant.

Explanation

The correct answer is a feedback mechanism for maintaining homeostasis. In hot, dry days, plants need to conserve water to prevent dehydration. The closing of microscopic openings in plant leaves, controlled by guard cells, helps to reduce water loss through transpiration. This process is a feedback mechanism because it is a response to the changing environmental conditions in order to maintain a stable internal environment, or homeostasis, within the plant.

5. The temporary storage of energy in ATP molecules is part of which process?

Cell division

Cellular respiration

Protein synthesis

DNA replication

Cellular respiration is the correct answer because during this process, energy is harvested from glucose molecules and stored in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules. ATP acts as a temporary energy carrier in cells, providing the necessary energy for various cellular activities.

Explanation

Cellular respiration is the correct answer because during this process, energy is harvested from glucose molecules and stored in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules. ATP acts as a temporary energy carrier in cells, providing the necessary energy for various cellular activities.

6. Energy from organic molecules can be stored in ATP molecules as a direct result of the process of

Cellular respiration

Cellular reproduction

Diffusion

Digestion

Energy from organic molecules can be stored in ATP molecules as a direct result of the process of cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, organic molecules such as glucose are broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, which is the primary energy currency of cells. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and involves a series of biochemical reactions that release energy stored in the organic molecules and convert it into ATP. Therefore, cellular respiration is the correct answer as it directly relates to the storage of energy in ATP molecules.

Explanation

Energy from organic molecules can be stored in ATP molecules as a direct result of the process of cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, organic molecules such as glucose are broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, which is the primary energy currency of cells. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and involves a series of biochemical reactions that release energy stored in the organic molecules and convert it into ATP. Therefore, cellular respiration is the correct answer as it directly relates to the storage of energy in ATP molecules.

7. The diagram below shows the relative concentration of molecules inside and outside of a cell.

Which statement best describes the general direction of diffusion across the membrane of this cell?

Glucose would diffuse into the cell.

Protein would diffuse out of the cell.

Carbon dioxide would diffuse out of the cell.

Oxygen would diffuse into the cell.

Based on the diagram, the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher inside the cell compared to outside. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Therefore, carbon dioxide would diffuse out of the cell, moving from an area of higher concentration inside the cell to an area of lower concentration outside the cell.

Explanation

Based on the diagram, the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher inside the cell compared to outside. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Therefore, carbon dioxide would diffuse out of the cell, moving from an area of higher concentration inside the cell to an area of lower concentration outside the cell.

8. The diagram below represents a cell of a green plant. Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in structure

A

B

C

D

The diagram represents a cell of a green plant. Option D states that solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in the structure. This is correct because green plants undergo photosynthesis, a process where they use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Glucose is an energy-rich compound that plants use for growth and metabolism. Therefore, option D accurately describes the role of solar energy in producing energy-rich compounds in a plant cell.

Explanation

The diagram represents a cell of a green plant. Option D states that solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in the structure. This is correct because green plants undergo photosynthesis, a process where they use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Glucose is an energy-rich compound that plants use for growth and metabolism. Therefore, option D accurately describes the role of solar energy in producing energy-rich compounds in a plant cell.