Latihan Un IPA 2018 D

The correct answer is "mendaur ulang untuk dibuat kerajinan" because recycling plastic bottles to make crafts is a way to reduce pollution caused by plastic packaging production. By recycling, the plastic bottles are reused and transformed into new products, reducing the need for new plastic production and the disposal of plastic waste in the environment. This helps to mitigate the environmental pollution caused by plastic packaging.

The given food web shows that the garden mouse is a prey for the barn owl and the eagle. If the garden mouse population decreases due to eradication, it will result in a decrease in the food supply for the barn owl and the eagle. As a result, the population of the eagle will decline.

Based on the given data, the components that are considered biotic in the observed rice field ecosystem are 1 (padi), 4 (katak), and 6 (ular). These components are living organisms that are part of the ecosystem and can interact with other biotic and abiotic factors in the ecosystem.

To balance the scale, the participant needs to lower the 100 gram weight on one side and replace it with a 200 gram weight on the other side. This will ensure that both sides of the scale have equal weights, resulting in a balanced scale.

The correct answer is Mollusca because mollusks meet all the given characteristics. They have soft, slimy bodies, move using muscles in their abdomen, and have hard shells. Porifera are sponges, which do not have muscles or shells. Coelenterata refers to cnidarians like jellyfish, which do not have shells. Arthropoda, such as insects and crustaceans, have hard exoskeletons but do not have soft, slimy bodies. Therefore, the only option that fits all the given characteristics is Mollusca.

The correct answer is "pembusukan sisa-sisa makanan." Based on the image of the digestive system, organ X is most likely the large intestine or colon. The process of "pembusukan sisa-sisa makanan" refers to the breakdown and decomposition of leftover food particles, primarily fiber, by bacteria in the large intestine. This process helps in the absorption of water and the formation of feces.

Based on the given dichotomous key, the correct identification sequence for a penguin is 1a, 2b, 3b, 4b. This means that the penguin has a backbone (1a), does not have mammary glands (2b), does not move using fins and does not breathe through gills (3b), and its body is not covered in hard scales (4b).

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The correct answer is 1), 2), 3). This is because the rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible for the differences in time between Jakarta and Papua, the movement of the sun from east to west, and the alternation between day and night.

The table shows the distance and time taken for the motion of two objects. The term "GLB" refers to Gerak Lurus Beraturan (Uniform Linear Motion) and "GLBB" refers to Gerak Lurus Berubah Beraturan (Uniformly Accelerated Motion). The answer "GLB dan GLBB dipercepat" means that both objects are undergoing uniform linear motion and uniformly accelerated motion, and they are accelerating.

The experiment shows that the presence of light and CO2 affects the process of photosynthesis. This is evident from the fact that the experiment was conducted using Hydrilla plants and different substances such as NHCO3 and water. The results presented in the table suggest that the presence of light and CO2 is necessary for photosynthesis to occur. Therefore, the correct answer is "cahaya dan CO2" (light and CO2).

The given answer states that Q = S and R = U. This means that the joints Q and S have the same direction of movement, and the joints R and U also have the same direction of movement. This implies that the joints Q, S, R, and U all have the same type of joint, where their movements are aligned in the same direction. This information can be inferred from the given relationships between the variables in the diagram.

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The correct answer is 1 dan 3. Pernyataan 1 menggunakan satuan cm yang merupakan satuan dalam CGS (Centimeter-Gram-Second), sedangkan pernyataan 3 menggunakan satuan g yang juga merupakan satuan dalam CGS. Pernyataan 2 menggunakan satuan Km yang bukan satuan dalam CGS. Pernyataan 4 menggunakan satuan jam yang juga bukan satuan dalam CGS. Therefore, the statements that use units in CGS are 1 dan 3.

The correct answer is 2 A. This can be determined by applying Kirchhoff's current law, which states that the total current entering a junction is equal to the total current leaving the junction. In the given circuit, there are two paths for the current to flow. The current from the 2 A source splits into two branches, with 1 A flowing through the 2 Ω resistor and 1 A flowing through the 4 Ω resistor. These two currents then combine at the junction point, resulting in a total current of 2 A.

The pressure at point R is lower than the pressure at point S. This indicates that point R is at a higher depth compared to point S. The difference in pressure between the two points can be calculated using the formula: difference in pressure = density of fluid × acceleration due to gravity × difference in depth. Given that the density of water is 1,000 kg/m3 and the acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2, we can calculate the difference in depth to be 54 cm.

Based on the given information and the diagram, it can be observed that when the bimetals are heated, they bend in opposite directions. This indicates that the two metals A and B have different coefficients of thermal expansion. Since the bimetals bend towards each other, it suggests that metal A has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion compared to metal B. Therefore, the correct answer is "Q dan R" because they correctly identify the relationship between the bending of the bimetals and the coefficients of thermal expansion of the metals.

The statement about genetic engineering in sugarcane using Escherichia coli bacteria to produce drought-resistant sugarcane is the correct answer. This is because genetic engineering allows for the manipulation of an organism's genes to introduce desirable traits, such as drought resistance in this case. By using Escherichia coli bacteria, scientists can modify the genes of sugarcane plants to make them more resilient to dry conditions, which can have a positive impact on food production in areas with limited water resources.

When an external force is applied to the trolley, it accelerates. According to Newton's second law of motion, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass. In this case, when an object with three times the mass of the trolley is placed inside it, the mass of the system increases. As a result, the acceleration of the trolley decreases. Therefore, the correct answer is 20 cm/s2, as the trolley's acceleration decreases when the mass of the system increases.

The correct answer is S dan Q. The question is asking for the combinations of solutions that are basic and neutral. Among the given options, S and Q are the only combination that fits this criteria.

The correct answer is 1125 m. This can be determined by calculating the time it takes for the sound to travel from P to the ship and from Q to the ship. Since the speed of sound in seawater is 1500 m/s, and the time it takes for the sound to travel from P to the ship is 0.75 s (as shown in the diagram), the distance between P and the ship can be calculated by multiplying the speed of sound by the time: 1500 m/s * 0.75 s = 1125 m. Therefore, the difference in depth between P and Q is 1125 m.

The graph shows a decreasing trend in the availability of clean water. This suggests that the environmental impact related to the data shown by the graph is the increasing scarcity of clean water.

The given diagram represents an ideal transformer. In an ideal transformer, the ratio of the number of turns in the primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil is equal to the ratio of the primary current to the secondary current. Since the question asks for the primary current, which is the current in the primary coil, and the given answer is 1A, it implies that the secondary current is also 1A. Therefore, the primary current is 1A.

When two substances with different temperatures are mixed, they will eventually reach a common temperature called the equilibrium temperature. This is due to the transfer of heat from the hotter substance to the cooler substance until they both have the same temperature. In this case, the initial temperature of the first substance is 20°C and the initial temperature of the second substance is 80°C. Since the second substance has a higher temperature, heat will transfer from it to the first substance. The equilibrium temperature will be somewhere between 20°C and 80°C, but closer to 20°C since the first substance has a higher mass. Therefore, the correct answer is 32°C.

The correct answer is C.

Bagian P pada gambar ginjal adalah tubulus kontortus proksimal, yang berfungsi untuk menyerap kembali zat-zat yang masih bermanfaat bagi tubuh. Proses ini terjadi setelah filtrasi darah di glomerulus, di mana zat-zat yang masih diperlukan oleh tubuh seperti glukosa, air, garam, dan asam amino diserap kembali ke dalam darah melalui dinding tubulus kontortus proksimal.

Peristiwa yang merupakan perubahan kimia adalah ketika kertas dibakar dan buah apel dikupas kemudian didiamkan beberapa saat. Dalam peristiwa pembakaran kertas, terjadi reaksi kimia di mana kertas bereaksi dengan oksigen dalam udara dan menghasilkan panas, cahaya, dan gas seperti karbon dioksida. Sedangkan dalam peristiwa buah apel dikupas dan didiamkan, terjadi perubahan kimia di mana enzim dalam apel mulai menguraikan senyawa-senyawa kompleks seperti pati dan serat menjadi senyawa yang lebih sederhana seperti gula.

Pada gambar penampang melintang akar, bagian P menunjukkan xilem dan floem yang merupakan jaringan pengangkut air dan mineral. Xilem berfungsi mengangkut air dan mineral dari akar ke seluruh bagian tumbuhan, sedangkan floem mengangkut hasil fotosintesis dari daun ke bagian lain tumbuhan. Oleh karena itu, jawaban yang tepat adalah "mengangkut air dan mineral".

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The correct answer is "penyaringan debu oleh rambut-rambut getar". This is because the image of the respiratory system shows the presence of cilia, which are hair-like structures that line the respiratory tract. These cilia help to filter out dust particles and other foreign substances from the air that enters the lungs. Therefore, the process that occurs in organ P (which is likely referring to the respiratory tract) is the filtration of dust particles by the vibrating hairs (cilia).

The correct answer is 0.8 s and 37.5 cm/s. This is because the period of a wave is the time it takes for one complete cycle to pass a given point, and in this case, it is 0.8 s. The speed of wave propagation is the distance the wave travels in a given time, and in this case, it is 37.5 cm/s.

When crossing Persil angan antara kelinci berbulu halus telinga panjang (HHPP) dengan kelinci berbulu kasar telinga pendek (hhpp), the resulting genotype for the offspring will be HhPp. This is because the dominant allele for long ears (H) and smooth fur (P) will be present in one copy each, while the recessive alleles for short ears (h) and rough fur (p) will be present in one copy each. Therefore, there will be one genotype of HHpp in the offspring.

When the charges of the objects are changed to 2qa and -4q and the distance between them is halved, the force between them is given by the formula F = k * (2qa * -4q) / (1/2 * r)^2. Simplifying this equation gives us F = 32 * k * q^2 / r^2, which means the force becomes 32 times the original force. Therefore, the correct answer is 32 F.

The answer "tekanan darah menurun dan rasa mengantuk berlebihan" is correct because these are the characteristics of someone who is under the influence of a depressant drug. Depressants slow down the central nervous system, leading to a decrease in blood pressure and excessive drowsiness. This is in contrast to stimulants, which increase energy and blood pressure, and hallucinogens, which alter perception and may cause blurred vision and wandering thoughts.

When an object is placed in front of a convex lens, a real and inverted image is formed. The distance of the object from the lens is equal to the distance of the image from the lens. In this case, the object is initially placed 12 cm away from the lens, resulting in a real, inverted image. When the object is moved 8 cm further away from the lens, the image will also move further away and become smaller in size. Therefore, the correct answer is "nyata, terbalik, diperkecil" which translates to "real, inverted, reduced" in English.

The correct answer is 2 because when the load W is placed at point 5 and the fulcrum T is at point 4, the lever arm (distance between the fulcrum and the line of action of the force) is the longest. According to the principle of moments, the longer the lever arm, the greater the turning effect or torque. Therefore, the greatest power is exerted when the load is placed at point 5 and the fulcrum is at point 4.

The potential energy of an object at a certain height is given by the formula PE = mgh, where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height. In this question, the coconut has a mass of 2kg and falls from a height of 9m. The potential energy at this height is PE = (2kg)(9.8m/s^2)(9m) = 176.4 J. When the coconut reaches a height of 3m, the potential energy is PE = (2kg)(9.8m/s^2)(3m) = 58.8 J. The difference in potential energy between these two heights is 176.4 J - 58.8 J = 117.6 J. However, the question asks for the kinetic energy, which is equal to the potential energy at the lower height. Therefore, the kinetic energy when the coconut reaches a height of 3m is 117.6 J.

The correct answer is L, M, N. This is because a compound is a substance that is composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together. In the given options, L, M, and N are the only combinations that consist of three different elements. Therefore, L, M, N is the only option that represents a compound.

The correct answer is "tidak elastis, darah yang mengalir kaya akan oksigen" because the question is asking for the characteristics of blood vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the heart. These blood vessels are known as pulmonary veins, and they are not elastic because they need to maintain a constant flow of oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart. Additionally, the blood that flows through these vessels is rich in oxygen because it has just been oxygenated in the lungs.

Destilasi adalah proses pemisahan air laut yang rasanya asin menjadi air tawar. Proses ini dilakukan dengan memanaskan air laut hingga mendidih dan menguap, kemudian uap air tersebut dikondensasikan kembali menjadi air tawar. Proses destilasi memanfaatkan perbedaan titik didih antara air dan garam, sehingga air dapat dipisahkan dari garam yang ada dalam air laut.