Key Terms And Ideas In Postmodernism

Baudrillard's simulacra refers to the concept that the sign or representation of something becomes more significant and influential in shaping our perception of reality than the actual reality itself. It suggests that in our modern society, images, symbols, and simulations have taken precedence over the actual truth or authenticity of things. This idea highlights the power of media, advertising, and technology in constructing our understanding of the world, often blurring the line between what is real and what is artificially created.

Niche audiences do not refer to intertextuality because intertextuality is the relationship between different texts and how they influence and reference each other. Niche audiences, on the other hand, refer to specific target groups or demographics that have a specialized interest or preference. While intertextuality can be present in works that target niche audiences, the concept of niche audiences itself does not inherently involve intertextuality.

Modernist adverts expect passive consumers to are told all the reasons and answers for buying a product. Postmodern adverts expect viewers to be interracitve and make connections between the brand and past adverts which highlighted aspects of the product.

Jean-François Lyotard argued that there were no meta or grand narratives, only micro narratives. He believed that traditional narratives, such as those found in religion or politics, were no longer valid in the postmodern era. Instead, he emphasized the importance of smaller, fragmented narratives that reflect the diversity and complexity of contemporary society. Lyotard's ideas challenged the notion of a single, overarching truth or narrative and instead emphasized the plurality of perspectives and experiences.

Baudrillard's simulacra refers to the idea that the signs and symbols in society have become more significant and influential in shaping our perception of reality than the actual reality itself. It suggests that our understanding of the world is increasingly mediated and constructed through images, media, and representations, rather than directly experiencing the truth or authenticity of things. Simulacra implies a detachment from reality, where the hyperreality of signs and symbols becomes more real and influential than the underlying reality they are meant to represent.

Jean-François Lyotard is the correct answer because he is known for his concept of "incredulity towards meta-narratives." He argued that there are no overarching or universal narratives that can explain all of human history and experience. Instead, he believed in the existence of multiple small narratives or "micro-narratives" that are specific to individual experiences and contexts. Lyotard's ideas have had a significant influence on postmodern philosophy and cultural theory.

Modernist adverts expect passive consumers to are told all the reasons and answers for buying a product. Postmodern adverts expect viewers to be interracitve and make connections between the brand and past adverts which highlighted aspects of the product.

Immersion refers to the state where a player becomes fully absorbed and engrossed in the hyperreal world of video games, losing track of time and becoming deeply engaged in the virtual experience. This term describes the player's complete involvement and connection with the game, blurring the boundaries between reality and the game world. It signifies the level of immersion and the player's ability to become fully immersed in the virtual environment, enhancing the overall gaming experience.

Intertextuality refers to the referencing or borrowing of texts or elements from other works of literature, art, or culture. Parody, cultural references and events such as 9/11, reflexivity, and pastiche all involve intertextuality as they either imitate, reference, or incorporate elements from other texts or cultural contexts. However, niche audiences do not directly refer to intertextuality as they represent specific, specialized groups of people who share a particular interest or taste in a specific genre or subject matter.

The correct answer suggests that spectacle can be found in advertising and various forms of media in postmodernism. These examples, such as the Cadbury's Gorilla and Sony Bravia adverts, Dolce and Gabbana adverts, and the Kodak Wheel scene, are all striking, intriguing, and puzzling to audiences. They captivate viewers and create a sense of spectacle through their visual and conceptual elements. This aligns with the idea of spectacle in postmodernism, where the focus is on creating visually stimulating and attention-grabbing experiences for the audience.

The correct answer suggests that spectacle can be found in advertising and various forms of media in postmodernism. It refers to visually striking and intriguing elements that capture the attention and puzzle the audience. This includes examples such as the Cadbury's Gorilla, Sony Bravia adverts, Dolce and Gabbana adverts, the Kodak Wheel scene, and the nostalgic elements in "Mad Men". These examples demonstrate how spectacle is used to engage and captivate viewers in postmodernist media.