Criminology Theories Exam: Quiz!
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- 1.Criminology is the scientific study of:
- A.
The making of laws.
- B.
The breaking of laws.
- C.
Society’s reaction to the breaking of laws.
- D.
All of these
- 2.The conflict model of law assumes that:
- A.
Certain acts are deemed so threatening to the society’s survival that they are designated crimes.
- B.
The criminal law expresses the values of the ruling class within a society.
- C.
Members of a society by and large agree on what is right.
- D.
Society is a stable entity in which laws are created for the general good.
- 3.Conflict theorists view society as a stable entity in which laws are created for the general good.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 4.Crime has become globalized.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 5.What are some of the limitations of self-report surveys?
- A.
They represent a wide range of criminal acts.
- B.
Respondents may not tell the truth.
- C.
The samples are never biased.
- D.
The information they yield applies to individuals of many age ranges
- 6.The life-course perspective argues that
- A.
Factors that lead to onset of offending do not vary.
- B.
The number and type of offenses committed do not vary.
- C.
The frequency of offending may go down for most offenders, but some chronic offenders commit the same amount of crime over time.
- D.
The factors that lead to desistance from offending do not vary.
- 7.Males traditionally commit more of which of the following crimes than females?
- A.
Prostitution
- B.
Shoplifting
- C.
Welfare fraud
- D.
Aggravated assault
- 8.The positivist school of criminology posits that:
- A.
Human behavior is determined by forces beyond individual control.
- B.
individuals choose to commit crimes after weighing the consequences of their actions.
- C.
All human actions are determined in accordance with the felicific calculus.
- D.
Anomie is a breakdown of social order, which causes people to commit crimes.
- 9.The classical school of criminology is based on the assumption that individuals choose to commit crimes after weighing the consequences of their actions.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 10.In the United States, explanations of criminal behavior have been dominated by what type of theories?
- A.
Psychological
- B.
Biological
- C.
Sociological
- D.
philosophical
- 11.Freud proposed that the __________ acts as a moral code or conscience.
- A.
Id
- B.
ego
- C.
Supraego
- D.
Superego
- 12.According to studies of twins:
- A.
There is no evidence that genetic factors explain criminality.
- B.
There is some support for the hypothesis that some genetic influences increase the risk of criminality.
- C.
There is a strong causal relationship between genetics and crime.
- D.
There has not been enough research comparing monozygotic twins to dizygotic twins to make any conclusions.
- 13.Social learning theory maintains that delinquent behavior is learned through the same psychological processes as any other behavior.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 14.Cultural deviance theorists argue that:
- A.
Crime is most likely to occur among the lower social classes.
- B.
American society is made up of various groups and subgroups, each with its own standards of right and wrong.
- C.
People learn to commit crime as a result of contact with antisocial values, attitudes, and criminal behavior patterns.
- D.
Crime is the result of social disorganization.
- 15.Psychological theories seek to uncover the reasons for differences in crime rates in the social environment.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 16.Social control theories are based on the assumption that the motivation to commit a crime is a part of human nature. As such, social control theorists seek to understand why people do not offend.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 17.When Messner and Rosenfeld refer to the "American Dream," they are referring to the American culture's relentless push toward:
- A.
Sexual success
- B.
Job success
- C.
Material success
- D.
Family success
- 18.Criminologists tend to believe that the only real cause of crime is capitalism.
- A.
Marxist
- B.
Positivist
- C.
Atavism
- 19.Victimology is a subfield of criminology that specializes in studying the victims of crime.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 20.According to the tenets of institutional anomie theory, which of the following would be useful a policy goal?
- A.
Address negative emotions through coping strategies
- B.
Increase collective efficiency at the neighborhood level.
- C.
Increase legitimate economic opportunities in society
- D.
Reduce the role if economic factor in other social institutions such as the family
- 21.Shaw and McKay's social disorganzation theory is part of the Human Ecology theoretical tradition.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 22.The social bond theory argues that individuals who have invested time and effort into legitimate endeavors have a stake in conformity, and will therefore be less likely to engage in crime.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 23.The ____ perspective of criminology encompasses Marxism, conflict, and feminist theories.
- A.
Peacemaking
- B.
Critical
- C.
Alienation
- 24.Victimology seeks to answer why some individuals, households, groups, and other entities are targeted and others are not.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 25.Conflict theory shares with labeling theory the idea that crime is a social construct with no intrinsic meaning.
- A.
True
- B.
False
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