Integrated Science- Form 4- Cardiovascular System

1. The function of red blood cells is:

To engulf and destroy pathogens

To bind to and carry oxygen

To create antibodies to fight infection.

To regulate body temperature

Red blood cells contain the pigment haemoglobin which bind to oxygen molecules.

Explanation

Red blood cells contain the pigment haemoglobin which bind to oxygen molecules.

2. The blood cells responsible for clotting of blood are called:

Plasma

Phagocytes

Platelets

Protozoa

Platelets help the blood to clot.

Explanation

Platelets help the blood to clot.

3. If a person has B antigens present on his red blood cells, this person's blood type is:

A

B

AB

Rh-

The presence of B antigens suggests that the blood type is type B.

Explanation

The presence of B antigens suggests that the blood type is type B.

4. It is important to know the blood type of a person to avoid a dangerous blood transfusion. If someone with blood type B is to receive blood, which of the following blood types would allow for a safe blood transfusion?

A

AB

O

Rh+

B antigens will fight against A antigens present in blood type A, and AB. Blood type O has no antigens and so this would be safe.

Explanation

B antigens will fight against A antigens present in blood type A, and AB. Blood type O has no antigens and so this would be safe.

5. Which of the following blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Arteries

Veins

Capillaries

All of the above

Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood towards the heart.

Explanation

Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood towards the heart.

6. Muscles need ______, glucose for cellular respiration. The blood transports these materials to the muscles.

Muscles require oxygen for cellular respiration, which is the process that generates energy for muscle contraction. Oxygen is necessary for the breakdown of glucose, a type of sugar, in the muscle cells to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the molecule that provides energy for various cellular activities. The blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, where it is used in cellular respiration.

Explanation

Muscles require oxygen for cellular respiration, which is the process that generates energy for muscle contraction. Oxygen is necessary for the breakdown of glucose, a type of sugar, in the muscle cells to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the molecule that provides energy for various cellular activities. The blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, where it is used in cellular respiration.

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7. The main waste material from cellular respiration is called ________.

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP. This process releases carbon dioxide as a waste product. Therefore, carbon dioxide is the main waste material from cellular respiration.

Explanation

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP. This process releases carbon dioxide as a waste product. Therefore, carbon dioxide is the main waste material from cellular respiration.

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8. The upper chambers of the heart are known as the left and right ________.

The upper chambers of the heart are called atrium and atria. The term "atrium" refers to a single upper chamber, while "atria" is the plural form of atrium, indicating both the left and right upper chambers of the heart.

Explanation

The upper chambers of the heart are called atrium and atria. The term "atrium" refers to a single upper chamber, while "atria" is the plural form of atrium, indicating both the left and right upper chambers of the heart.

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9. Which of the follwoing blood vessels come closest to the body's organs for quick diffusion of materials?

Arteries

Veins

Capillaries

All of the above

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels. their walls are one-cell thick for easy diffusion of materials into and out of the blood.

Explanation

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels. their walls are one-cell thick for easy diffusion of materials into and out of the blood.

10. Which of the following blood vessels carries de-oxygenated blood to the lungs?

Vena cava

Pulmonary vein

Aorta

Pulmonary artery

The pulmonary artery carries de-oxygenated blood towards the lungs for replenishment.

Explanation

The pulmonary artery carries de-oxygenated blood towards the lungs for replenishment.

11. Blood returns from the body into this chamber of the heart.

Left atrium

Right ventricle

Left ventricle

Right atrium

The right side of the heart sends de-oxygenated blood to the lungs to get rid of carbon dioxide and to replenish the blood with oxygen.

Explanation

The right side of the heart sends de-oxygenated blood to the lungs to get rid of carbon dioxide and to replenish the blood with oxygen.

12. The heart is composed of ______ muscle which pumps blood throughout the body, beating approximately 72 times per minute of our lives.

The heart is composed of cardiac muscle which pumps blood throughout the body. Cardiac muscle is a specialized type of muscle found only in the heart. It is responsible for the rhythmic contractions that allow the heart to pump blood and circulate it to all parts of the body. These contractions occur approximately 72 times per minute, providing the necessary blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues and organs.

Explanation

The heart is composed of cardiac muscle which pumps blood throughout the body. Cardiac muscle is a specialized type of muscle found only in the heart. It is responsible for the rhythmic contractions that allow the heart to pump blood and circulate it to all parts of the body. These contractions occur approximately 72 times per minute, providing the necessary blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues and organs.

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13. Oxygentaed blood leaves the heart through the follwoing vessel, to be transported to the rest of the body.

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein

Aorta

Vena cava

The aorta is the main artery which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Explanation

The aorta is the main artery which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.

14. The heart is one of the most important _____ in the entire human body.

The heart is considered one of the most important organs in the entire human body because it plays a vital role in pumping oxygenated blood throughout the body. It is responsible for supplying oxygen and nutrients to all the cells and organs, ensuring their proper functioning. Without the heart, the body would not receive the necessary oxygen and nutrients, leading to organ failure and ultimately death. Thus, the heart is crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being.

Explanation

The heart is considered one of the most important organs in the entire human body because it plays a vital role in pumping oxygenated blood throughout the body. It is responsible for supplying oxygen and nutrients to all the cells and organs, ensuring their proper functioning. Without the heart, the body would not receive the necessary oxygen and nutrients, leading to organ failure and ultimately death. Thus, the heart is crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being.

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15. The heart contains _______ which allow blood to flow in only one direction through the heart.

The heart contains valves which allow blood to flow in only one direction through the heart. Valves are thin flaps of tissue that open and close to control the flow of blood. They prevent the backflow of blood and ensure that blood moves forward through the heart chambers and into the blood vessels. The valves in the heart include the tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve, and aortic valve. These valves play a crucial role in maintaining the circulation of blood throughout the body.

Explanation

The heart contains valves which allow blood to flow in only one direction through the heart. Valves are thin flaps of tissue that open and close to control the flow of blood. They prevent the backflow of blood and ensure that blood moves forward through the heart chambers and into the blood vessels. The valves in the heart include the tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve, and aortic valve. These valves play a crucial role in maintaining the circulation of blood throughout the body.

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