Information Processing 3 (Memory)

LTM stands for Long-term memory. Long-term memory refers to the storage of information over an extended period, ranging from minutes to years. It is the ability to recall and retrieve information that was learned in the past. This type of memory is essential for retaining knowledge and experiences, and it plays a crucial role in various cognitive processes such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making.

The statement is true because response time is indeed the product of reaction time and movement time. Reaction time refers to the time it takes for a person to perceive a stimulus and initiate a response, while movement time is the time it takes to physically execute the response. Therefore, when these two components are multiplied together, we get the overall response time.

The given correct answer is "Reaction, reaction." This answer is appropriate because it accurately reflects the concept of reaction time, which is the time it takes for the information processing system to interpret a stimulus, formulate a motor program, and transmit the information to the muscles in order to initiate a response. The repetition of the word "reaction" emphasizes the importance of this time interval in the context of the question.

The passage explains that when a performer faces a new situation, relevant stimuli are passed from the short-term memory for a comparison to be made with similar experiences. If some information is recognized, the similarities are noted and a quick decision is made. However, if the performer experiences a new situation, a motor program is formed based on available knowledge, which may delay the decision-making process. This suggests that long-term memory plays a role in decision-making and motor program formation, but it may also cause a delay in the decision-making process.

The short term sensory store (STSS) is characterized by a large capacity, allowing it to hold a significant amount of information. However, this information is only retained for a short period of time, typically up to a second. This means that the STSS can temporarily hold a large amount of sensory information, such as visual or auditory stimuli, but it quickly fades away if not transferred to another memory system, such as working memory.

Between selective attention and short-term memory, the process that occurs is encoding. This refers to the process of converting sensory information into a form that can be stored and retrieved later. Between short-term memory and long-term memory, the process that occurs is also encoding, but in addition, it involves recognition, recall, and imagery. This means that the information is not only stored but also recognized, recalled, and associated with mental images for better retrieval.

A key element in the decision making process is the time taken to receive, interpret and analyse stimuli before an appropriate response is formulated.

The working memory has a capacity limit of storing 5-9 pieces of information. This means that individuals can hold and manipulate a certain number of items or chunks of information in their working memory at a given time. Additionally, the working memory can store this information for a period of approximately 30 seconds. After this time, if the information is not rehearsed or transferred to long-term memory, it is likely to be forgotten.

The three stages that are blacked out in the picture are selective attention, long-term memory, and short-term sensory store. These stages are important components of the information processing model. Selective attention refers to the process of focusing on specific information while filtering out irrelevant stimuli. Long-term memory is the stage where information is stored for a prolonged period of time. Short-term sensory store is the initial stage where sensory information is briefly held before being processed further.

The two processes highlighted by the black rectangles involve the elements of short-term sensory store, working memory, and selective attention. The short-term sensory store is responsible for temporarily holding sensory information from the environment. Working memory is involved in actively processing and manipulating this information. Selective attention plays a role in focusing on specific stimuli while filtering out irrelevant information.