Hypothalamic, Pituitary, Adrenal And Parathyroid Histology

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Questions and Answers
  • 1. 
    Which of the following statements concerning the pituitary gland is CORRECT?
    • A. 

      A) TSH is derived from the hypothalamus

    • B. 

      B) TSH is stored in the pars nervosa of the pituitary gland

    • C. 

      C) Herring bodies store oxytocin and FSH

    • D. 

      D) Somatotrophs are acidophils and they produce GH

    • E. 

      E) Chromophobes secrete oxytocin and vasopressin

  • 2. 
    Which of the following statements concerning the embryology of the pituitary gland is CORRECT?
    • A. 

      A) The anterior pituitary is derived from the mesencephalon

    • B. 

      B) Rathke's pouch is derived from the posterior pituitary

    • C. 

      C) The Pars Distalis is derived from endoderm

    • D. 

      D) Mesoderm gives rise to the anterior pituitary

    • E. 

      E) Neuroectoderm gives rise to the neurohypophysis

  • 3. 
    Which of the following statements concerning the pituitary gland is CORRECT?
    • A. 

      A) ACTH is derived from the hypothalamus

    • B. 

      B) Herring bodies store oxytocin and vasopressin

    • C. 

      C) TSH is stored in the pars nervosa of the pituitary gland

    • D. 

      D) Acidophils produce FSH and ACTH

    • E. 

      E) Chromophils secrete oxytocin and vasopressin

  • 4. 
    Which cell type produces growth hormone ?
    • A. 

      Neurosecretory cells of paraventricular nuclei

    • B. 

      Pituicytes

    • C. 

      Corticotrophs

    • D. 

      Somatotrophs

    • E. 

      Hepatocytes

  • 5. 
    Which hormone is produced by the zona glomerulosa ?
    • A. 

      LH

    • B. 

      FSH

    • C. 

      Melatonin

    • D. 

      Aldosterone

    • E. 

      Cortisol

  • 6. 
    Which hormone is produced by the zona reticularis?
    • A. 

      LH

    • B. 

      Androstenedione

    • C. 

      Melatonin

    • D. 

      Aldosterone

    • E. 

      Cortisol

    • F. 

      Angiotensin II

  • 7. 
    Which hormone is produced as a result of angiotensin II stimulation?
    • A. 

      ACTH

    • B. 

      FSH

    • C. 

      Melatonin

    • D. 

      Cortisol

    • E. 

      Aldosterone

  • 8. 
    A 6-year-old boy of short stature is given a subcutaneous injection of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) as a diagnostic test. A growth hormone (GH) level obtained after the injection shows a substantial increase in plasma GH. This should indicate that:
    • A. 

      A) growth hormone (GH) therapy would be ineffective in this boy.

    • B. 

      B) the patient's short stature is due to hypothalamic dysfunction.

    • C. 

      C) the patient's short stature is unrelated to GH (growth hormone) synthesis and release

    • D. 

      D) growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) therapy would be ineffective

    • E. 

      E) a short- term treatment with parathyroid hormone would be beneficial

  • 9. 
    Many hormones circulate in plasma in a protein bound form. This combination:
    • A. 

      A) confers receptor specificity on the bound hormone

    • B. 

      B) prevents the hormones from reaching their receptors

    • C. 

      C) increases renal metabolism and excretion.

    • D. 

      D) prevents down-regulation and negative feedback

    • E. 

      E) usually prolongs the hormone's half-life.

  • 10. 
    A characteristic common to all hypothalamic releasing hormones is that they:
    • A. 

      A) are proteins or polypeptides released in a pulsatile manner

    • B. 

      B) exclusively utilize the IP3/DAG second messenger system in their target cells.

    • C. 

      C) stimulate the tropic cells of the neurohypophysis.

    • D. 

      D) directly stimulate release of steroid hormones.

    • E. 

      E) engage in long-loop feedback on their own production

  • 11. 
    Which of the following statements is characteristic of the thyroid gland?
    • A. 

      A) It is derived from the 3rd pharyngeal pouch

    • B. 

      B) It secretes parathyroid hormone

    • C. 

      C) Chief cells are involved in the production of calcitonin

    • D. 

      D) Colloid is primarily composed of calcitonin and T3

    • E. 

      E) Thyroid follicular cells secrete T4 hormone

  • 12. 
    Which of the following statements concerning the embryology of the pituitary gland is CORRECT?
    • A. 

      A) The anterior pituitary is derived from the diencephalon

    • B. 

      B) Rathke's pouch is derived from the posterior pituitary

    • C. 

      C) The infundibular stem is derived from endoderm

    • D. 

      D) Oral ectoderm gives rise to the anterior pituitary

    • E. 

      E) Neuroectoderm gives rise to the pars tuberalis

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