Human Biology Quiz: Parts Of A Cell!

The nucleus is the cell component that contains DNA and controls the cellular activity because it acts as the brain for the cell.

The plasma membrane is the correct answer because it is the outer surface of the cell and acts as a barrier, regulating the movement of materials in and out of the cell. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that control the transport of molecules, ions, and other substances. The plasma membrane is essential for maintaining homeostasis and protecting the cell's internal environment.

Waterloving refers to the property of being attracted to or having an affinity for water, while waterfearing refers to the property of repelling or being unable to mix with water. The terms hydrophilic and hydrophobic are commonly used to describe these characteristics, with hydrophilic meaning water-loving and hydrophobic meaning water-fearing. Therefore, the correct answer is hydrophilic and hydrophobic.

Organelles are structures inside eukaryotic cells that carry out specific functions, while cytosol is the intracellular fluid or cytoplasmic matrix that is the liquid found inside cells. This means that organelles are responsible for performing various cellular functions, while cytosol provides a medium for these functions to occur.

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they generate energy in the form of ATP through a process called cellular respiration. Glucose is the primary fuel source for this process, which occurs in the mitochondria. During glucose breakdown, a series of chemical reactions take place, ultimately producing ATP molecules that can be used by the cell for various functions. Therefore, the correct answer is that mitochondria provide energy to the cell through glucose breakdown.

Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes responsible for breaking down waste materials, old cells, and foreign substances in the body. They play a crucial role in cellular digestion and recycling. Lysosomes fuse with the targeted material and release enzymes to break it down into smaller components that can be reused or eliminated from the cell. Therefore, lysosomes are the correct answer as they are directly involved in the destruction of old cells and digestion of old substances in the body.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for producing membranes and is studded with ribosomes. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, and the rough ER provides a surface for ribosomes to attach and carry out this function. The smooth ER, on the other hand, does not have ribosomes and is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification. The mitochondria are responsible for energy production, and the cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the cell.

The Golgi complex is a cellular organelle that plays a crucial role in sorting, separating, and repackaging proteins. It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them by adding various molecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and phosphate groups. The Golgi complex then sorts these proteins and packages them into vesicles, which can be transported to different parts of the cell or secreted outside. This process ensures that proteins are correctly targeted and delivered to their intended destinations within the cell or outside of it.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for detoxifying drugs and producing membranes in the cell. It plays a crucial role in the metabolism of drugs and toxins, breaking them down and making them less harmful to the cell. Additionally, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis, including the production of membranes that are essential for cell structure and function. Overall, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum acts as a rehab center component of the cell, ensuring the detoxification of harmful substances and providing the necessary membranes for cellular processes.

Multiple nucleus is called nuclei, and cilia is the extension of the plasma membrane that allows things in and out. Flagellum is the source that moves only in humans.

The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a cell. It acts as a protective barrier, separating the contents of the nucleus from the rest of the cell. It controls the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus, allowing only certain substances to pass through its pores. This regulation of molecular traffic helps to maintain the integrity and stability of the DNA within the nucleus. Additionally, the nuclear envelope plays a role in organizing and coordinating the cell's activities by interacting with other cellular structures and signaling pathways.

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, which is the process of creating proteins in a cell. They are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and can also be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes serve as the site where protein synthesis begins by reading the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) and assembling the amino acids in the correct order to form a protein chain. Once the protein chain is complete, it is released from the ribosome and further processed in the cell. Therefore, the correct answer is "site where protein synthesis begins".

Present in all cells, the cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, acts as a barrier, dividing the cell's interior from the external environment. Comprising a semipermeable lipid bilayer, the cell membrane regulates the passage of substances.

The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments within a cell that provides structural support and helps with cell movement. It is involved in various cellular processes such as cell division, cell shape maintenance, and intracellular transport. Through these processes, the cytoskeleton contributes to the overall functioning and organization of the cell. Therefore, the correct answer is that the cytoskeleton converts the cell through several processes.

The correct answer is "membrane." A membrane is a double layer of lipid that surrounds cells and some internal structures. It also contains proteins. This definition fits the description given in the question. The other options, basement membrane and plasma membrane, are specific types of membranes. The option "membranes" is too broad and does not accurately describe the given definition.