Human Anatomy, Physiology And Kinesiology
Review Questions for Nationals test for Massage Therapy
Questions and Answers
- 1.
A bladder infection spreads upwards to the kidneys through which structures
- A.
Ureters
- B.
Glomerulus
- C.
Urethra
- D.
Pyloric sphincter
Correct Answer
A. UretersExplanation
A bladder infection can spread upwards to the kidneys through the ureters. The ureters are the tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder, allowing urine to flow from the kidneys to the bladder. If there is an infection in the bladder, bacteria can travel up the ureters and reach the kidneys, causing a kidney infection. Therefore, the ureters are the structures through which a bladder infection can spread to the kidneys.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which muscle is associated with supination of the forearm
- A.
Coracobrachialis
- B.
Triceps brachii
- C.
Biceps brachii
- D.
Brachioradialis
Correct Answer
C. Biceps brachiiExplanation
The biceps brachii muscle is associated with supination of the forearm. When the biceps brachii contracts, it causes the forearm to rotate inwards, resulting in supination. This muscle is located in the upper arm and is responsible for flexing the elbow joint as well.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Slightly moveable joints connected by discs of cartilage are known as
- A.
Synarthrotic
- B.
Diarthrotic
- C.
Bursae
- D.
Amphiarthrotic
Correct Answer
D. AmphiarthroticExplanation
Amphiarthrotic joints are slightly moveable joints connected by discs of cartilage. These joints allow for limited movement and provide stability and support to the connected bones. Unlike synarthrotic joints (immovable) and diarthrotic joints (freely movable), amphiarthrotic joints have a moderate degree of movement. Bursae, on the other hand, are small fluid-filled sacs that cushion and reduce friction between bones, tendons, and muscles. Therefore, the correct answer is amphiarthrotic.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Rhythmic waves of muscular contraction that occur in the walls of various tubular organs and help to propel food through the digestive system
- A.
Polarization
- B.
Peristalsis
- C.
Fibrillation
- D.
Twitch
Correct Answer
B. PeristalsisExplanation
Peristalsis refers to the rhythmic waves of muscular contraction that occur in the walls of various tubular organs, such as the intestines, to propel food through the digestive system. It is responsible for the movement of food from the esophagus to the stomach and then through the intestines. This process ensures that the food is properly digested and absorbed by the body. Polarization refers to the separation of electric charge and is not related to the movement of food in the digestive system. Fibrillation is an abnormal and chaotic contraction of the heart muscles, and twitch refers to a sudden, brief, and involuntary muscle contraction.Rate this question:
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- 5.
This joint permits biaxial movements and exists only between the carpal and metacarpal bones of the thumb
- A.
Ellipsoidal
- B.
Saddle
- C.
Gliding
- D.
Hinge
Correct Answer
B. SaddleExplanation
A saddle joint allows for biaxial movements and is found only between the carpal and metacarpal bones of the thumb. This type of joint is characterized by the concave and convex surfaces of the articulating bones, which fit together like a rider sitting on a saddle. The saddle joint allows for a wide range of movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and opposition, making it well-suited for the complex movements of the thumb.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The insertion of the SCM is
- A.
Sternum
- B.
Hyoid
- C.
Clavicle
- D.
Mastoid process
Correct Answer
D. Mastoid processExplanation
The correct answer is mastoid process. The mastoid process is a bony prominence located behind the ear, which serves as an attachment site for various neck muscles. It is easily palpable and can be used as a landmark during physical examinations. The insertion of the SCM (sternocleidomastoid) muscle refers to the point where the muscle attaches to a bone, in this case, the mastoid process. The SCM muscle plays a crucial role in tilting and rotating the head, as well as assisting in the elevation of the sternum during deep inhalation.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The most superficial abdominal muscle on the anterior surface of the body is the
- A.
Rectus abdominis
- B.
Transverse abdominis
- C.
Internal oblique
- D.
External oblique
Correct Answer
A. Rectus abdominisExplanation
The rectus abdominis is the most superficial abdominal muscle on the anterior surface of the body. It is a long, paired muscle that runs vertically down the front of the abdomen. It is responsible for flexing the trunk, as well as providing support and stability to the abdominal wall. The transverse abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique are also abdominal muscles, but they are located deeper than the rectus abdominis.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The most abundant tissue in the body is
- A.
Epithelial
- B.
Muscular
- C.
Connective
- D.
Nervous
Correct Answer
C. ConnectiveExplanation
Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue in the body because it is found throughout the body and serves various functions. It provides support and structure to organs and tissues, connects different body parts, cushions and protects organs, and transports nutrients and waste. Connective tissue is composed of cells, fibers, and an extracellular matrix, which gives it its strength and flexibility. It is found in various forms such as tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone, blood, and adipose tissue.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Quadrant of the abdomen in which the liver is located
- A.
Upper left
- B.
Lower right
- C.
Lower left
- D.
Upper right
Correct Answer
D. Upper rightExplanation
The liver is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. This is because the liver is the largest solid organ in the body and is situated on the right side of the abdomen, just below the diaphragm. It extends across the midline of the body and occupies a significant portion of the upper right quadrant. This location allows the liver to perform its vital functions, such as filtering toxins from the blood, producing bile, and storing nutrients.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The action of the teres minor is
- A.
Medial rotation of humerus
- B.
Lateral rotation of humerus
- C.
Flexion of humerus
- D.
Flexion of forearm
Correct Answer
B. Lateral rotation of humerusExplanation
The action of the teres minor is the lateral rotation of the humerus. This means that when the teres minor muscle contracts, it causes the arm bone to rotate outwardly away from the body. This movement is important for various activities such as throwing, reaching, and lifting objects away from the body.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A substance such as a blood clot or bubble of gas that is carried by the blood and obstructs a blood vessel is known as a(n)
- A.
Arteriosclerosis
- B.
Infarct
- C.
Phlebitis
- D.
Embolus
Correct Answer
D. EmbolusExplanation
An embolus is a substance, such as a blood clot or bubble of gas, that is carried by the blood and obstructs a blood vessel. It can cause a blockage in the blood flow, leading to serious complications depending on the size and location of the embolus. Arteriosclerosis refers to the hardening and narrowing of the arteries, while an infarct is an area of tissue death due to an interruption in blood supply. Phlebitis refers to inflammation of a vein. Therefore, the correct answer is embolus.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A cord or sheet of connective tissue by which two or more bones are bound together at a joint
- A.
Linea alba
- B.
Tendon
- C.
Ligament
- D.
Aponeurosis
Correct Answer
C. LigamentExplanation
A ligament is a cord or sheet of connective tissue that binds two or more bones together at a joint. Unlike tendons, which connect muscles to bones, ligaments specifically connect bones to other bones. Ligaments provide stability and support to joints, preventing excessive movement and maintaining proper alignment. They are strong and flexible, allowing for controlled movement while also preventing dislocation or excessive stretching of the joint. The linea alba is a different structure, a fibrous band in the midline of the abdomen, while an aponeurosis is a flat, sheet-like tendon.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which is not a fuction of the liver
- A.
End digestion of proteins
- B.
Produces bile
- C.
Storage of vitamins
- D.
Removal of toxic substances from body fluids
Correct Answer
A. End digestion of proteinsExplanation
The liver is responsible for many functions in the body, including the production of bile, the storage of vitamins, and the removal of toxic substances from body fluids. However, the liver does not play a role in the end digestion of proteins. Protein digestion primarily occurs in the stomach and small intestine, where enzymes break down proteins into smaller molecules called amino acids. The liver's main role in protein metabolism is to process and utilize the amino acids that are absorbed into the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Necrosis of heart muscle from ischemia is known as a "heart attack" or
- A.
Angina pectoris
- B.
Coronary bypass
- C.
Myocardial infarction
- D.
Aneurysm
Correct Answer
C. Myocardial infarctionExplanation
Myocardial infarction refers to the necrosis or death of heart muscle tissue due to inadequate blood supply, usually caused by a blockage in one or more coronary arteries. This condition is commonly known as a "heart attack" and is characterized by symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and sweating. Angina pectoris, on the other hand, refers to chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen-rich blood. Coronary bypass is a surgical procedure to redirect blood flow around blocked or narrowed coronary arteries. Aneurysm refers to a weakened and bulging section in the wall of a blood vessel, which can occur in various parts of the body, including the heart, but is not directly related to heart muscle necrosis from ischemia.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle which is sometimes damaged from rheumatic fever
- A.
Aortic semilunar
- B.
Pulmonary semilunar
- C.
Tricuspid
- D.
Bicuspid (mitral)
Correct Answer
D. Bicuspid (mitral)Explanation
The bicuspid (mitral) valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle. It is responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during ventricular contraction. Rheumatic fever is a condition that can cause damage to the heart valves, including the bicuspid valve. This damage can result in the valve not closing properly, leading to regurgitation of blood. Therefore, the bicuspid valve is sometimes damaged from rheumatic fever.Rate this question:
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- 16.
An excessive accumulation of fluid within the interstitial space is known as
- A.
Plasma
- B.
Interstitial serum
- C.
Lymph
- D.
Edema
Correct Answer
D. EdemaExplanation
Excessive accumulation of fluid within the interstitial space is known as edema. Edema occurs when there is an imbalance between the amount of fluid being pushed out of the blood vessels into the tissues and the amount of fluid being returned to the blood vessels. This can be caused by various factors such as increased capillary permeability, impaired lymphatic drainage, or increased fluid retention. Edema can occur in different parts of the body and is often characterized by swelling, pain, and discomfort.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Descending order of the small intestine
- A.
Fundus, duodenum, jejunum
- B.
Jejunum, ileum, duodenum
- C.
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
- D.
Pyloris, jejunum, ileum
Correct Answer
C. Duodenum, jejunum, ileumExplanation
The small intestine is divided into three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. These parts are arranged in a specific order within the small intestine. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine and is connected to the stomach. It is followed by the jejunum, which is the middle part, and then the ileum, which is the last part of the small intestine. Therefore, the correct order in descending order is duodenum, jejunum, ileum.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Phase of the cardiac cycle during which a heart chamber wall is relaxed
- A.
Hyperbole
- B.
Systole
- C.
Cardiac atony
- D.
Diastole
Correct Answer
D. DiastoleExplanation
Diastole refers to the phase of the cardiac cycle when a heart chamber wall is relaxed. During this phase, the heart muscles are at rest, allowing the chambers to fill with blood. This relaxation period is essential for the heart to replenish oxygen and nutrients. It is followed by the systole phase, during which the heart contracts to pump the blood out of the chambers. Hyperbole and cardiac atony are unrelated terms, making systole the only incorrect answer.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys
- A.
Adrenal
- B.
Pineal
- C.
Pancreas
- D.
Parathyroid
Correct Answer
A. AdrenalExplanation
The adrenal glands are endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys. They are responsible for producing hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which play important roles in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress response. The adrenal glands consist of two parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. The cortex produces hormones like cortisol and aldosterone, while the medulla produces adrenaline and noradrenaline. The adrenal glands are essential for maintaining proper bodily functions and responding to stress.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Part of the brain responsible for muscular coordination and balance
- A.
Brain stem
- B.
Cerebellum
- C.
Diencephalon
- D.
Cerebrum
Correct Answer
B. CerebellumExplanation
The cerebellum is the part of the brain responsible for muscular coordination and balance. It is located at the back of the brain, just above the brain stem. The cerebellum receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain, and uses this information to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain posture, and regulate balance. Damage to the cerebellum can result in problems with coordination, balance, and motor control.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Mineral required to facilitate the attraction of actin and myosin within a muscle
- A.
Sodium
- B.
Phosphorus
- C.
Magnesium
- D.
Calcium
Correct Answer
D. CalciumExplanation
Calcium is the mineral required to facilitate the attraction of actin and myosin within a muscle. Actin and myosin are proteins that are responsible for muscle contraction. When the muscle receives a signal to contract, calcium is released and binds to specific sites on actin, allowing myosin to bind to actin and initiate the contraction process. Without calcium, the actin and myosin cannot interact properly, leading to impaired muscle contraction. Thus, calcium is essential for the proper functioning of muscles.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Artery located behind the knee supplying blood to the knee joint and certain muscles in the thigh and calf
- A.
Femoral
- B.
Popliteal
- C.
Posterior tibial
- D.
Internal iliac
Correct Answer
B. PoplitealExplanation
The popliteal artery is located behind the knee and is responsible for supplying blood to the knee joint, as well as certain muscles in the thigh and calf. It is an important artery in the lower limb, as it ensures proper blood flow to these areas, allowing for normal function and movement.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Nerve bundel, which passes between the anterior and middle scalene muscles as it moves toward the axilla
- A.
Cervical plexus
- B.
Lumbosacral plexus
- C.
Brachial plexus
- D.
Phrenic nerves
Correct Answer
C. Brachial plexusExplanation
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that originates from the spinal cord in the neck region and extends down the arm. It is responsible for innervating the muscles of the upper limb and providing sensory information from the arm and hand. The brachial plexus passes between the anterior and middle scalene muscles as it moves towards the axilla (armpit). Therefore, the given answer correctly identifies the nerve bundle that follows this pathway.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Hypertonicity of this muscle can put undue pressure on the sciatic nerve bundel resulting in pain or numbness radiating down the posterior thigh and leg
- A.
Gluteus maximus
- B.
Tensor fascia lata
- C.
Iliopsoas
- D.
Piriformis
Correct Answer
D. PiriformisExplanation
The piriformis muscle is located deep in the buttocks and plays a role in hip rotation. When the piriformis muscle becomes hypertonic (overly contracted), it can compress or irritate the sciatic nerve that runs beneath or through the muscle. This compression can lead to pain or numbness that radiates down the posterior thigh and leg, a condition known as piriformis syndrome. Therefore, the given explanation suggests that the correct answer for the question is piriformis.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Medial and lateral bony projections located at the distal end of the tibia and fibula
- A.
Malleoli
- B.
Condyle
- C.
Patella
- D.
Tubercle
Correct Answer
A. MalleoliExplanation
The correct answer is malleoli. The malleoli are medial and lateral bony projections located at the distal end of the tibia and fibula. They serve as important landmarks in the ankle joint and provide stability to the joint.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The longest vein in the body originating on trhe medial aspect of the foot and extending upward along the medial side of the leg toward the inguinal ligament
- A.
Popliteal
- B.
Femoral
- C.
Great saphenous
- D.
Anterior tibial
Correct Answer
C. Great saphenousExplanation
The great saphenous vein is the correct answer because it is the longest vein in the body that starts on the medial aspect of the foot and runs along the medial side of the leg towards the inguinal ligament. The popliteal vein is located behind the knee and does not extend all the way to the foot. The femoral vein is located in the thigh and does not originate on the foot. The anterior tibial vein is located in the lower leg and does not extend all the way to the inguinal ligament.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The most superficial layer of meninges composed primarily of tough, white fibrous connective tissue
- A.
Pia mater
- B.
Arachnoid mater
- C.
Dura mater
- D.
Cerebrospinal layer
Correct Answer
C. Dura materExplanation
The dura mater is the correct answer because it is the most superficial layer of the meninges. It is composed primarily of tough, white fibrous connective tissue. The dura mater serves as a protective covering for the brain and spinal cord, providing stability and support. It is the outermost layer of the meninges and is responsible for protecting the central nervous system from external forces and trauma.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Avascular tissue with very little intercellular matrix specializing in absorption, secretion and protection
- A.
Nervous
- B.
Epithelial
- C.
Connective
- D.
Areolar
Correct Answer
B. EpithelialExplanation
Epithelial tissue is the correct answer because it is avascular, meaning it lacks blood vessels, and has very little intercellular matrix. Epithelial tissue is specialized in absorption, secretion, and protection, making it suitable for lining and covering surfaces in the body. Nervous tissue is involved in transmitting electrical signals, connective tissue provides support and structure, and areolar tissue is a type of loose connective tissue with a more extensive intercellular matrix.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle into the lungs for oxygenation
- A.
Pulmonary arteries
- B.
Right coronary arteries
- C.
Right coronary veins
- D.
Pulmonary veins
Correct Answer
A. Pulmonary arteriesExplanation
The pulmonary arteries are responsible for transporting deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart into the lungs. Once in the lungs, the blood undergoes oxygenation, where it picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. This oxygenated blood is then returned to the heart through the pulmonary veins. The pulmonary arteries play a crucial role in the circulation of blood, ensuring that it reaches the lungs to be oxygenated before being distributed to the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Muscular contraction in which the muscle shortens
- A.
Isotonic
- B.
Tetanic
- C.
Antagonist
- D.
Isometric
Correct Answer
A. IsotonicExplanation
Isotonic refers to a type of muscular contraction in which the muscle shortens. During an isotonic contraction, the muscle generates enough force to overcome the resistance and move a joint, resulting in a change in muscle length. This type of contraction is commonly seen during activities such as lifting weights or performing a bicep curl.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which muscle is located on the posterior surface of the lower leg, crossing two joints and responsible for plantar flexion of the ankle
- A.
Rectus femoris
- B.
Soleus
- C.
Gastrocnemius
- D.
Popliteus
Correct Answer
C. GastrocnemiusExplanation
The correct answer is gastrocnemius. The gastrocnemius muscle is located on the posterior surface of the lower leg and crosses two joints, the knee and the ankle. It is responsible for plantar flexion of the ankle, which means it helps to point the foot downward. The rectus femoris is a muscle located in the thigh and is not involved in plantar flexion of the ankle. The soleus is also located in the lower leg and is involved in plantar flexion, but it does not cross two joints. The popliteus is a small muscle located behind the knee and is responsible for unlocking the knee joint.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Serous membrane covering the surface of the organs found in the body cavities
- A.
Parietal
- B.
Mucous
- C.
Synovial
- D.
Visceral
Correct Answer
D. VisceralExplanation
The correct answer is visceral. The question is asking for the serous membrane that covers the surface of the organs found in body cavities. The visceral membrane is the inner layer of the serous membrane that directly covers the organs, while the parietal membrane is the outer layer that lines the body cavity. The mucous membrane lines the openings and passages of the body, while the synovial membrane lines the cavities of joints. Therefore, the visceral membrane is the correct answer in this context.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Lymph collected from the majority of the body is routed to the left subclavian vein and ultimately the vena cava by this structure
- A.
Aorta
- B.
Thoracic duct
- C.
Hepatic portal vein
- D.
Pulmonary vein
Correct Answer
B. Thoracic ductExplanation
The thoracic duct is responsible for collecting lymph from the majority of the body and routing it to the left subclavian vein and ultimately the vena cava. The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body and is not involved in the lymphatic system. The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver, while the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is the thoracic duct.Rate this question:
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- 34.
A diebetic patient who has unknowingly given himself too much insulin would likely be trying to balance their system by eating foods containing
- A.
Protein
- B.
Fat
- C.
Potassium
- D.
Glucose
Correct Answer
D. GlucoseExplanation
When a diabetic patient accidentally injects too much insulin, it can cause their blood sugar levels to drop dangerously low. In order to balance their system and raise their blood sugar levels, they would need to consume foods containing glucose. Glucose is a form of sugar that is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and provides immediate energy. Eating foods high in protein, fat, or potassium would not have the same effect on raising blood sugar levels as glucose would.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The origin of the femoral nerve is
- A.
Lumbosacral plexus
- B.
Brachial plexus
- C.
Sciatic notch
- D.
Posterior superior iliac spine
Correct Answer
A. Lumbosacral plexusExplanation
The femoral nerve originates from the lumbosacral plexus. The lumbosacral plexus is a network of nerves formed by the ventral rami of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves. It supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremities, including the muscles of the thigh and the skin of the anterior and medial aspects of the leg. The brachial plexus is responsible for innervating the upper extremity, not the femoral nerve. The sciatic notch and posterior superior iliac spine are anatomical landmarks in the pelvis and are not directly related to the origin of the femoral nerve.Rate this question:
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- 36.
This muscle is responsible for stabilizing the scapula against the chest wall
- A.
Pec major
- B.
Pec minor
- C.
Subscapularis
- D.
Serratus anterior
Correct Answer
D. Serratus anteriorExplanation
The serratus anterior muscle is responsible for stabilizing the scapula against the chest wall. It originates from the upper ribs and inserts onto the medial border of the scapula. When contracted, it pulls the scapula forward and around the ribcage, allowing for movements such as protraction and upward rotation. This muscle plays a crucial role in maintaining proper scapular positioning and stability during various upper body movements, such as pushing and reaching.Rate this question:
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- 37.
This vessel arises from the aorta and delivers oxygenated blood to the myocardium
- A.
Pulmonary arteries
- B.
Pulmonary veins
- C.
Coronary arteries
- D.
Coronary veins
Correct Answer
C. Coronary arteriesExplanation
The vessel that arises from the aorta and delivers oxygenated blood to the myocardium is the coronary arteries. These arteries supply the heart muscle with the necessary oxygen and nutrients it needs to function properly. They branch off from the aorta and encircle the heart, ensuring that the myocardium receives a constant supply of oxygenated blood.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Thy pyloric valve is located between
- A.
Aorta/ventricle
- B.
Esophagus/stomach
- C.
Small/large intestine
- D.
Stomach/small intestine
Correct Answer
D. Stomach/small intestineExplanation
The pyloric valve is located between the stomach and the small intestine. It is a muscular valve that controls the flow of partially digested food, known as chyme, from the stomach into the small intestine. This valve ensures that the chyme is released in small amounts into the small intestine for further digestion and absorption of nutrients.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system causes
- A.
Increased heart rate
- B.
Decreased heart rate
- C.
Death
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Decreased heart rateExplanation
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system causes a decrease in heart rate. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's rest and digest response, which promotes relaxation and conserves energy. When activated, it releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which slows down the heart rate by inhibiting the activity of the sinoatrial (SA) node, the natural pacemaker of the heart. This decrease in heart rate allows the body to conserve energy and promotes a state of rest and recovery.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Transmits nerve impulses from the brain to muscle
- A.
Sensory
- B.
Arachnoid
- C.
Motor
- D.
Cecum
Correct Answer
C. MotorExplanation
The term "motor" refers to the ability to transmit nerve impulses from the brain to muscles. This implies that the correct answer is "motor" because it aligns with the given description. The other options, "sensory," "arachnoid," and "cecum," do not accurately match the given description and are therefore incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Vitamin D is synthesized in the
- A.
Skin
- B.
Muscle tissue
- C.
Bone
- D.
Hair
Correct Answer
A. SkinExplanation
Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin through a process triggered by exposure to sunlight. When the skin is exposed to UVB rays, a precursor molecule in the skin is converted into a form of vitamin D called cholecalciferol. This precursor molecule is then further converted into its active form, known as calcitriol, by the liver and kidneys. Therefore, the skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D in the body.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Increasing the angle of a joint is
- A.
Flexion
- B.
Rotations
- C.
Circumduction
- D.
Extension
Correct Answer
D. ExtensionExplanation
Increasing the angle of a joint refers to the movement that straightens or opens the joint. This movement is known as extension.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Non movable type of joint is
- A.
Diarthrosis
- B.
Synarthrosis
- C.
Amphiarthrosis
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. SynarthrosisExplanation
A synarthrosis joint is a type of joint that is immovable or has very limited movement. This type of joint is characterized by the presence of fibrous connective tissue that holds the bones together, such as in the skull sutures. In contrast, diarthrosis joints are freely movable, amphiarthrosis joints have limited movement, and non of the above is not a valid option as it does not describe a specific type of joint.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Part of the brain controlling the "vital functions"
- A.
Cerebrum
- B.
Diencephalon
- C.
Cerebellum
- D.
Brain stem
Correct Answer
D. Brain stemExplanation
The brain stem is responsible for controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It is located at the base of the brain and connects the brain to the spinal cord. The cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking and memory. The diencephalon is a part of the brain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus, which are involved in sensory processing and regulating hormone production. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement and balance. Therefore, the brain stem is the correct answer as it specifically controls the vital functions.Rate this question:
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- 45.
The functional unit of the kidney for urine production
- A.
Adrenal
- B.
Nephron
- C.
Ureter
- D.
Urethra
Correct Answer
B. NephronExplanation
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine production. It is a microscopic structure that filters waste products from the blood and reabsorbs essential substances back into the body. The nephron consists of a glomerulus, a network of tiny blood vessels where filtration occurs, and a tubule where reabsorption and secretion take place. This process helps regulate the balance of water, electrolytes, and other substances in the body, ultimately producing urine. The adrenal gland, ureter, and urethra are not directly involved in urine production and do not have the same functions as the nephron.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which of the following muscles acts with the piriformis to externally rotate the femur
- A.
Gracilis
- B.
Obturator externus
- C.
Pectineus
- D.
Psoas major
Correct Answer
B. Obturator externusExplanation
The obturator externus muscle acts with the piriformis to externally rotate the femur. Both muscles work together to rotate the thigh bone outward. The obturator externus muscle originates from the outer surface of the obturator membrane and the surrounding bone, and it inserts onto the greater trochanter of the femur. When contracted, it helps to rotate the femur laterally, contributing to external rotation of the hip joint.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Which is not normally reabsorbed by the kidney tubules
- A.
Water
- B.
Glucose
- C.
Urea
- D.
Protein
Correct Answer
C. UreaExplanation
Urea is the correct answer because it is a waste product that is formed in the liver as a result of protein metabolism. It is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and normally reabsorbed in small amounts, but the majority of it is excreted in the urine. In contrast, water, glucose, and protein are all substances that are normally reabsorbed by the kidney tubules to maintain the body's balance and prevent excessive loss.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The circulation of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery to the lung is called
- A.
Renal circulation
- B.
Portal circulation
- C.
Systemic circulation
- D.
Pulmonary circulation
Correct Answer
D. Pulmonary circulationExplanation
Pulmonary circulation refers to the movement of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. In the lungs, the blood picks up oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. This oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium of the heart through the pulmonary veins. Pulmonary circulation is responsible for oxygenating the blood and removing waste products, ensuring that oxygen-rich blood is delivered to the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Insulin is secreted by
- A.
Alpha cells
- B.
Melanocytes
- C.
Beta cells
- D.
Sebaceous glands
Correct Answer
C. Beta cellsExplanation
Insulin is a hormone that is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels in the body. It is primarily secreted by beta cells in the pancreas. These cells are specifically designed to produce and release insulin in response to high blood sugar levels. Alpha cells in the pancreas, on the other hand, secrete a different hormone called glucagon, which has the opposite effect of insulin. Melanocytes are cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes. Sebaceous glands are responsible for producing sebum, an oily substance that moisturizes the skin and hair. Therefore, the correct answer is beta cells.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Muscle contraction allowing for good posture is
- A.
Isotonic
- B.
Isometric
- C.
Tetanic
- D.
Tonic
Correct Answer
D. TonicExplanation
The correct answer is tonic because muscle contraction that allows for good posture is characterized by a continuous low-level contraction of muscles, which is known as tonic contraction. This type of contraction helps to maintain body position and posture without causing any visible movement. Isotonic contraction involves muscle shortening and movement, isometric contraction involves muscle contraction without movement, and tetanic contraction refers to sustained muscle contraction due to rapid stimulation.Rate this question:
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Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System 4
Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System 4
Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System 3
Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System 3
Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System 2
Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System 2
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