Histology - USMLE- Muscle Tissue
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Histob
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which fiber type has more myoglobin?
- A.
Red fibers
- B.
White fibers
- C.
Intermediate fibers
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Red fibersExplanation
Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.
Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.
White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which fiber type gets its energy primarily from glycogen?
- A.
Red fibers
- B.
White fibers
- C.
Intermediate fibers
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. White fibersExplanation
Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.
Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.
White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Where are satellite cells located ?
- A.
On individual muscle fibres
- B.
On a primary muscle bundle
- C.
On the DCT of fascia
Correct Answer
B. On a primary muscle bundleExplanation
flattened cells with smaller nuclei and with centrioles
= proliferation ® regenerationRate this question:
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- 4.
Which fiber type is seen in skeletal muscle?
- A.
Red fibers
- B.
White fibers
- C.
Intermediate fibers
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
All of the above is the correct answer because skeletal muscle contains different types of muscle fibers. Red fibers, also known as slow-twitch fibers, are rich in mitochondria and have a high capacity for aerobic metabolism. White fibers, or fast-twitch fibers, have a lower capacity for aerobic metabolism and fatigue more easily. Intermediate fibers have characteristics between red and white fibers. Therefore, all three types of muscle fibers (red, white, and intermediate) are present in skeletal muscle.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What is line that bisects the dark band in muscle?
- A.
A band
- B.
I band
- C.
Z line
- D.
H band
- E.
M line
Correct Answer
D. H bandExplanation
The A band is the darker staining band. The I band is the light band. The I band is made of thin filaments. The Z line runs through the I band. The H band bisects the A band. The M line runs through the H band.
A sarcomere is the segment that runs from Z line to Z line.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What is the outer connective tissue covering of a muscle?
- A.
Epimysium
- B.
Sarcoplasm
- C.
Perimysium
- D.
Sarcolemma
- E.
Endomysium
Correct Answer
A. EpimysiumExplanation
The outer connective tissue covering of a muscle is the epimysium. Within the muscle, there are subdivisions called fascicles. The perimysium surrounds these muscle fascicles. The endomysium is the covering around an individual muscle fiber. The sarcolemma is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell. The sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is myosin?
- A.
Muscle fibers
- B.
Myofibrils
- C.
Myocardium
- D.
Myofilament
- E.
Muscle cell
Correct Answer
D. MyofilamentExplanation
Myofilaments are the contractile protein within a muscle cell. The myofilaments are actin and myosin. The thin filaments are actin and the thick filaments are myosin. The muscle cell is a muscle fiber. The term "muscle cell" and "muscle fiber" are synonymous. A myofibril is a longitudinal bundle of myofilaments within a muscle cell. Myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart. Thus, the myocardium is composed of cardiac muscle.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Where is cardiac muscle found?
- A.
Myofilaments
- B.
Myosin
- C.
Muscle fibers
- D.
Myofibrils
- E.
Myocardium
Correct Answer
E. MyocardiumExplanation
Myofilaments are the contractile protein within a muscle cell. The myofilaments are actin and myosin. The thin filaments are actin and the thick filaments are myosin. The muscle cell is a muscle fiber. The term "muscle cell" and "muscle fiber" are synonymous. A myofibril is a longitudinal bundle of myofilaments within a muscle cell. Myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart. Thus, the myocardium is composed of cardiac muscle.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What type of muscle has visible cross striations?
- A.
Skeletal muscle
- B.
Cardiac muscle
- C.
Smooth muscle
- D.
Both "a" and "b"
- E.
"a" "b" and "c"
Correct Answer
D. Both "a" and "b"Explanation
Both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle have visible striations. Collectively, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are classified as "striated muscle".Rate this question:
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- 10.
What type of muscle is specialized for contraction?
- A.
Skeletal muscle
- B.
Cardiac muscle
- C.
Smooth muscle
- D.
Both "a" and "b"
- E.
"a" "b" and "c"
Correct Answer
E. "a" "b" and "c"Explanation
The fundamental property of muscle tissue is that it is specialized for contraction.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What is released at a synapse?
- A.
Motor unit
- B.
Motor neuron
- C.
Motor end plate
- D.
Neuromuscular spindle
- E.
Neurotransmitter
Correct Answer
E. NeurotransmitterExplanation
A single motor neuron and the aggregation of muscle fibers innervated by that single neuron is called the motor unit. A motor neuron is a neuron which innervates a muscle cell. The point of contact where a neuron contacts a muscle is the motor end plate. A neuromuscular spindle is a receptor which is sensitive to stretching of the muscle. A neurotransmitter is the chemical released by a nerve at a synapse.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which fiber type is more resistant to fatigue?
- A.
Red fibers
- B.
White fibers
- C.
Intermediate fibers
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Red fibersExplanation
Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue compared to white fibers and intermediate fibers. This is because red fibers are slow-twitch muscle fibers that are designed for endurance activities. They have a high capacity for aerobic metabolism, which means they can generate energy for longer periods of time without fatiguing. In contrast, white fibers are fast-twitch muscle fibers that are designed for quick and powerful movements but fatigue more easily. Intermediate fibers have characteristics that fall between red and white fibers, so they are also less resistant to fatigue than red fibers.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Lance Armstrong is the seven time winner of the Tour de France. The Tour de France is a bicycle race which covers between 3500 to 4000 kilometers. What type of muscle fiber probably predominates in his legs?
- A.
Red fibers
- B.
White fibers
- C.
Intermediate fibers
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Red fibersExplanation
Lance Armstrong, being a seven-time winner of the Tour de France, is known for his exceptional endurance and stamina. Red muscle fibers, also known as slow-twitch fibers, are responsible for long-duration, low-intensity activities like cycling. These fibers are rich in mitochondria, which provide energy aerobically, and have a high capillary density, allowing for efficient oxygen delivery. Therefore, it is likely that red fibers predominate in Lance Armstrong's legs, enabling him to sustain the physical demands of the Tour de France.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What region is made of thin filaments?
- A.
A band
- B.
I band
- C.
Z line
- D.
H band
- E.
M line
Correct Answer
B. I bandExplanation
The A band is the darker staining band. The I band is the light band. The I band is made of thin filaments. The Z line runs through the I band. The H band bisects the A band. The M line runs through the H band.
A sarcomere is the segment that runs from Z line to Z line.Rate this question:
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- 15.
On a cross section of a muscle, how many thin filaments surround each thick filament?
- A.
2
- B.
3
- C.
4
- D.
6
- E.
8
Correct Answer
D. 6Explanation
On a cross section of a muscle, each thick filament is surrounded by 6 thin filaments.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell called?
- A.
Endomysium
- B.
Sarcolemma
- C.
Sarcoplasm
- D.
Perimysium
- E.
Epimysium
Correct Answer
B. SarcolemmaExplanation
The outer connective tissue covering of a muscle is the epimysium. Within the muscle, there are subdivisions called fascicles. The perimysium surrounds these muscle fascicles. The endomysium is the covering around an individual muscle fiber. The sarcolemma is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell. The sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What are the thin filaments?
- A.
Myocardium
- B.
Myofibrils
- C.
Myofilaments
- D.
Muscle fibers
- E.
Myosin
Correct Answer
C. MyofilamentsExplanation
Myofilaments are the contractile protein within a muscle cell. The myofilaments are actin and myosin. The thin filaments are actin and the thick filaments are myosin. The muscle cell is a muscle fiber. The term "muscle cell" and "muscle fiber" are synonymous. A myofibril is a longitudinal bundle of myofilaments within a muscle cell. Myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart. Thus, the myocardium is composed of cardiac muscle.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following is composed of skeletal muscle?
- A.
Tongue
- B.
Blood vessel
- C.
Walls of the visceral organs
- D.
Lower esophagus
- E.
Heart
Correct Answer
A. TongueExplanation
There are two chief categories of muscle: striated and non striated muscle (smooth muscle).
Striated muscle can be sub-categorized into cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle. The tongue, biceps muscle, and upper esophagus are made of striated muscle. The heart is composed of cardiac muscle.
Non striated muscle is also called smooth muscle. Smooth muscle is involuntary muscle. It is found in viscera and blood vessels.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What type of muscle is composed of spindle shaped cells?
- A.
Skeletal muscle
- B.
Cardiac muscle
- C.
Smooth muscle
- D.
Both "a" and "b"
- E.
"a" "b" and "c"
Correct Answer
C. Smooth muscleExplanation
Smooth muscle is composed of spindle shaped cells.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What type of muscle is always multinucleated?
- A.
Skeletal muscle
- B.
Cardiac muscle
- C.
Smooth muscle
- D.
Both "a" and "b"
- E.
"a" "b" and "c"
Correct Answer
A. Skeletal muscleExplanation
Skeletal muscle is multinucleated. The nuclei are seen on the periphery. Occasionally, cardiac muscle is bi-nucleated.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which fiber type is smaller in diameter?
- A.
Red fibers
- B.
White fibers
- C.
Intermediate fibers
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Red fibersExplanation
Red fibers are smaller in diameter compared to white fibers and intermediate fibers.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which fiber type fatigues more readily?
- A.
Red fibers
- B.
White fibers
- C.
Intermediate fibers
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. White fibersExplanation
White fibers are the muscle fibers that are responsible for high-intensity, short-duration activities such as sprinting or weightlifting. These fibers primarily rely on anaerobic metabolism, which produces energy quickly but leads to the accumulation of lactic acid and fatigue. In contrast, red fibers are slow-twitch fibers that are more resistant to fatigue due to their reliance on aerobic metabolism. Intermediate fibers have characteristics of both red and white fibers. Therefore, white fibers fatigue more readily than red or intermediate fibers.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What type of muscle probably predominates in Charles Atlas, the worlds most famous power weight lifter?
- A.
Red fibers
- B.
White fibers
- C.
Intermediate fibers
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. White fibersExplanation
White fibers are likely to predominate in Charles Atlas, the world's most famous power weight lifter. White fibers, also known as fast-twitch fibers, are responsible for generating quick and powerful contractions. These fibers are well-suited for activities that require bursts of strength and power, such as weightlifting. In contrast, red fibers (slow-twitch fibers) are more suited for endurance activities. Intermediate fibers possess characteristics of both red and white fibers. Since Charles Atlas is a power weight lifter, it is reasonable to assume that his muscles are predominantly composed of white fibers.Rate this question:
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- 24.
What is line that bisects the light band in muscle?
- A.
A band
- B.
I band
- C.
Z line
- D.
H band
- E.
M line
Correct Answer
C. Z lineExplanation
The A band is the darker staining band. The I band is the light band. The I band is made of thin filaments. The Z line runs through the I band. The H band bisects the A band. The M line runs through the H band.
A sarcomere is the segment that runs from Z line to Z line.Rate this question:
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- 25.
What is the name of the tissue which surrounds muscle fascicles?
- A.
Perimysium
- B.
Periosteum
- C.
Perichondrium
- D.
Perineurium
- E.
Endosteum
Correct Answer
A. PerimysiumExplanation
The perimysium is the connective tissue sheath which surrounds muscle fascicles.
The periosteum is the connective tissue covering of a bone.
The perichondrium is the connective tissue which surrounds cartilage.
The perineurium is the covering of nerve fascicles.
The endosteum is the lining of the inner bone (the side which abuts the
medullary cavity).
Note from Sarah Bellham: The prefix "peri" means around, such as in the word
"perimeter". The prefix "endo" means within or inner, such as in "endosteum",
"endocrine", "endoscope".Rate this question:
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