Histology Midterm
Histology Midterm
- 1.
A 27-year-old, 5-ft-10 in. a tall woman presents in the emergency room with a pneumothorax but is afebrile. On physical examination, it is noted that she has scoliosis, pectus excavatum, ectopia lentis, and myopia. Her musculoskeletal exam reveals long upper and lower extremities, including the fingers and toes, and an overall gangly, lanky appearance. Her arm-span (6 ft 3 in.) noticeably exceeds her height. She has very flexible fingers and a narrow face as well as a narrow mouth with overcrowded teeth. There are stretch marks across her buttocks. Which part of the cardiovascular system would often be adversely affected in this syndrome?
- A.
Middle cerebral artery
- B.
Basilar artery
- C.
Aorta
- D.
Lymphatic vessels
- E.
Superior vena cava
Correct Answer
C. Aorta -
- 2.
The extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton communicate across the cell membrane through which of the following?
- A.
Proteoglycans
- B.
Integrins
- C.
Cadherins
- D.
Intermediate filaments
- E.
Microtubules
Correct Answer
B. Integrins -
- 3.
A pregnant 29-year-old woman diagnosed with type I diabetes 2 decades ago, taking Humulin three times per day, is referred to the ophthalmology clinic. She is complaining of “floaters” and difficulty with night-time driving. Dilated indirect ophthalmoscopy coupled with biomicroscopy and fundus photography detect the presence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with leaky retinal vessels indicative of increased vascular permeability, growth of new, fragile vessels on the retina and posterior surface of the vitreous and macular edema. Overexpression of fibronectin is a histological marker of diabetic microangiopathy. Which of the following is the primary function of fibronectin in the basement membrane?
- A.
Elasticity
- B.
Cell attachment and adhesion
- C.
Binding to selectins
- D.
Binding to cadherins
- E.
Binding to actin filaments
Correct Answer
B. Cell attachment and adhesion -
- 4.
A 36-year-old man is referred by his family medicine physician to the pulmonary clinic. He complains of shortness of breath following physical activity and a decreased capacity for exercise. He says that strenuous exercise including yard work is impossible without sitting down and resting every few minutes. After he takes several deep breaths during the physical exam he begins to wheeze. He is not a smoker and as an office worker, he is not exposed to dust, fumes or other irritants at work. He appears slightly jaundiced. Serum alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) concentration is below normal and is followed up with alpha-1 antitrypsin phenotype and DNA testing indicating one copy of S and one of Z (SZ) mutations and 40% abnormal AAT protein production. Desmosine and isodesmosine are elevated in the urine. Desmosine and isodesmosine contribute to the elasticity of the lung by:
- A.
Cross-linking fibrillin
- B.
Cross-linking tropoelastin
- C.
Activating elastase
- D.
Inactivating AAT
- E.
Binding type IV collagen to elastin
Correct Answer
B. Cross-linking tropoelastin -
- 5.
In the synthesis of collagen, the hydroxylation of proline and lysine occurs in which of the following?
- A.
Golgi apparatus
- B.
Secretory vesicles
- C.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- D.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- E.
Lysosomes
Correct Answer
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum -
- 6.
Tropocollagen is not assembled in the cell because of which of the following?
- A.
Action of lysyl oxidase in the Golgi apparatus
- B.
Acidity of clathrin-coated vesicles
- C.
Presence of nonhelical registration peptides at the ends of the triple helix
- D.
Presence of specific collagenases in the RER and Golgi apparatus
- E.
Presence of specific inhibitors of peptidase activity in the Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer
C. Presence of nonhelical registration peptides at the ends of the triple helix -
- 7.
The primary function of entactin (also known as nidogen) is to crosslink which of the following?
- A.
Laminin to collagen
- B.
Cells to the basal lamina
- C.
Cells to the extracellular matrix
- D.
Collagen
- E.
Actin
Correct Answer
A. Laminin to collagen -
- 8.
A 14-year-old boy presents with thin, translucent skin, and a history of easy bruising. Biochemical studies of the patient’s dermal fibroblasts cultured from a skin biopsy show abnormal electrophoretic mobility and abnormal secretion of type III procollagen. A mutation in the COL3A1 gene is identified by molecular testing. Which of the following symptoms would be most expected in this patient?
- A.
Rupture of the intestinal or aortic walls
- B.
Hyperextensibility of the integument
- C.
Hypermobility of synovial joints
- D.
Increased degradation of proteoglycans in articular cartilages
- E.
Imperfections in dentin formation (dentinogenesis imperfecta)
Correct Answer
A. Rupture of the intestinal or aortic walls -
- 9.
The tissue shown in the photomicrograph differs from white adipose tissue in which of the following ways?
- A.
Export of fatty acids
- B.
Role as a thermal insulator
- C.
Use of fatty acids to produce heat
- D.
Activation of the adenylate cyclase system
- E.
Initiation of shivering
Correct Answer
C. Use of fatty acids to produce heat -
- 10.
Diseases in which there is a loss of function mutation in integrin expression on lymphocytes would most likely result in:
- A.
Leukopenia
- B.
Leukocytosis
- C.
Lymphadenopathy
- D.
Lymphocyte apoptosis
- E.
Increased numbers of plasma cells in the blood
Correct Answer
B. Leukocytosis -
- 11.
A 33-year-old homeless woman has been living in an abandoned building eating dried meat, bread from the trash cans outside a bakery. She smokes cigarettes she “bums” from others. She presents at the free clinic with bleeding under the skin particularly around hair follicles with bruises on her arms and legs. She is irritable, clinically depressed, and fatigued with general muscle weakness. Her gums are bleeding, swollen, purple, and spongy. Her incisors and second molars are loose. She has an infected toe, which may be broken. She is afebrile and a glucose finger stick is normal and urine dipstick shows no sugar, protein or ketones. You suspect a vitamin deficiency. What might be the underlying mechanism for the symptoms in this patient?
- A.
Decreased degradation of collagen
- B.
Stimulation of prolyl hydroxylase
- C.
Formation of unstable collagen helices
- D.
Excessive callus formation in healing fractures
- E.
Organ fibrosis
Correct Answer
C. Formation of unstable collagen helices -
- 12.
Which of the following is a major contributor to the tensile strength of collagen?
- A.
Interactions with the FACIT collagens
- B.
The double helical arrangement of collagen
- C.
Electrostatic interactions
- D.
Intramolecular and intermolecular cross-links
- E.
Low concentrations of lysine
Correct Answer
D. Intramolecular and intermolecular cross-links -
- 13.
Laminin functions in which of following ways?
- A.
As an integrin
- B.
In cell-cell adhesion
- C.
As the insoluble scaffolding of the basal lamina
- D.
As the filtration molecule in the basement membrane
- E.
In adherence of epithelia to the basement membrane
Correct Answer
E. In adherence of epithelia to the basement membrane -
- 14.
A 40-year-old woman is referred to a dermatologist with more than 100 oval or round red-brown macules on her back. There is a positive Darier’s sign. The dermatologist takes a skin biopsy, which is stained with toluidine blue. There is an excessive number of the metachromatically stained cells labeled with the arrows and shown in the inset to the lower left in the photomicrograph below. Which of the following would be the most likely expected symptom in the patient?
- A.
Inhibition of HCl production by parietal cells
- B.
Darkening of the skin
- C.
Osteoporosis
- D.
Anemia
- E.
Edema
Correct Answer
E. Edema -
- 15.
A 46-year-old woman who has been a type I diabetic for 35 years visits your family medicine office. She has foot ulcers on both her right and her left feet. You prescribe Beclaperin gel, a prescription drug for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. It contains a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Which of the following is the most likely mechanism for the action of PDGF in the improvement of wound healing?
- A.
Acceleration of chemotaxis of monocytes-macrophages
- B.
Inhibition of vascular smooth-muscle cell proliferation
- C.
Inhibition of fibroblast proliferation
- D.
Inhibition of granulation tissue formation
- E.
Secretion of type II collagen from fibroblasts
Correct Answer
A. Acceleration of chemotaxis of monocytes-macrophages -
- 16.
A 55-year-old Caucasian man presented with generalized back pain. His physical examination reveals slight right-sided muscular weakness and a pulse of 78/min, regular; blood pressure 140/82 mm Hg. X-ray examination of the spine showed two wedged thoracic vertebrae, T7 and T8; no osteolytic lesions are observed. Peripheral blood: Hb 11 g/dL, WBC 6.0 × 109/l (polymorphs 81%, lymphocytes 16%, monocytes 2%, eosinophils 1%), platelets 300 × 109/1 (300 000/mm3). The blood film was normal. The bone marrow shows an increase in the cells shown in the accompanying light micrograph. Other tests were all normal. The cells in the light micrograph synthesize which of the following?
- A.
Collagen
- B.
Heparin and histamine
- C.
Histaminase
- D.
IgA
- E.
Myeloperoxidase
Correct Answer
D. IgA -
- 17.
A 65-year-old African-American man who has a history of both urinary tract infections and urinary stones presents at the urology clinic with hematuria. He has a dietary history high in saturated fats and has been exposed to second-hand smoke both at home (his wife smokes) and at work where many of his coworkers smoke. His work as a machinist exposed him to metal parts. Before working as a machinist he worked as a commercial painter. Cystoscopy identified several bladder tumors and was followed by transurethral resection and biopsy (TURB). The biopsy shows a transitional cell carcinoma 4.5 cm. in diameter staged as “T3aN1M2.” Which of the following would facilitate the processes involved in the “M2” classification?
- A.
Lysyl oxidase
- B.
Metalloproteinases
- C.
Plasminogen
- D.
Serpins
- E.
TIMPs
Correct Answer
B. Metalloproteinases -
- 18.
Nissl bodies correspond to which of the following cytoplasmic organelles?
- A.
Golgi apparatus
- B.
Mitochondria
- C.
Nucleoli
- D.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- E.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer
D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum -
- 19.
A premature infant develops progressive difficulty breathing over the first few days of life. Deficient surfactant synthesis by which of the following cell types may have contributed to the baby's respiratory problems?
- A.
Alveolar capillary endothelial cells
- B.
Bronchial mucous cells
- C.
Bronchial respiratory epithelium
- D.
Type I pneumocytes
- E.
Type II pneumocytes
Correct Answer
E. Type II pneumocytes -
- 20.
A surgical pathology specimen from a 24-year-old woman seen at a reproductive medicine clinic demonstrates a ciliated columnar epithelium. From which of the following locations in the female genital tract was the biopsy obtained?
- A.
Cervix
- B.
Endometrium
- C.
Fallopian tube
- D.
Ovary
- E.
Vagina
Correct Answer
C. Fallopian tube -
- 21.
A 40-year-old woman presents with a several-year history of progressive abdominal colic and constipation. Colonic biopsy stained with hematoxylin and eosin demonstrates deposition of a pink acellular material in the submucosa and around blood vessels. When sections from this biopsy are stained with Congo red, the acellular material exhibits green birefringence. The birefringence is thought to be most closely related to which of the following protein properties?
- A.
Ability to bind to oxygen
- B.
Beta-pleated sheet tertiary structure
- C.
Electrophoretic mobility
- D.
Hydroxyproline content
- E.
Molecular weight
Correct Answer
B. Beta-pleated sheet tertiary structure -
- 22.
A 5-year-old boy falls off his bike and fractures his humerus. He is taken to the emergency room, and the bone is set by one of the emergency room physicians. Which of the following is responsible for producing the majority of the new bone that will reunite the two fragments?
- A.
Cancellous bone
- B.
Cartilage
- C.
Compact bone
- D.
Marrow
- E.
Periosteum
Correct Answer
E. Periosteum -
- 23.
Which of the following sites contains striated muscle that is not under voluntary control?
- A.
Bladder
- B.
Colon
- C.
Esophagus
- D.
Gallbladder
- E.
Stomach
Correct Answer
C. Esophagus -
- 24.
1. A 27-year-old male presents to the doctor with complaints of "heartburn" and painful, sour-tasting acid reflux that has not been alleviated by over-the-counter medications. An endoscopic exam is performed and a biopsy of the distal esophagus is taken. Microscopic examination of the tissue shows normal tissue without pathologic changes. What type of mucosa is normal for the distal esophagus?
- A.
Ciliated, columnar epithelium
- B.
Keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium
- C.
Non-ciliated, columnar epithelium
- D.
Non-keratinized, simple, squamous epithelium
- E.
Non-keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium
- F.
Pseudostratified, columnar epithelium
Correct Answer
E. Non-keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium -
- 25.
Histologic examination of normal skin demonstrates small numbers of perivascular cells, with darkly stained ovoid nuclei and granular cytoplasm on hematoxylin and eosin staining. The cells demonstrate metachromasia of the cytoplasm when stained with Giemsa stain. Which of the following products would these cells be most likely to secrete?
- A.
Bradykinin
- B.
Complement factor 3a
- C.
Histamine
- D.
Interleukin 2
- E.
Nitric oxide
Correct Answer
C. Histamine -
- 26.
1. A 35-year-old male presents to the urologist for an infertility evaluation. A biopsy of his testis is performed to check sperm production and maturation. A microscopic section reveals only a few germ cells near the basal lamina in the seminiferous tubule. Which of the following cells is the germ cell closest to the basal lamina in the seminiferous tubule?
- A.
Primary spermatocyte
- B.
Secondary spermatocyte
- C.
Spermatid
- D.
Spermatogonia
- E.
Spermatozoa
Correct Answer
D. Spermatogonia -
- 27.
Brunner's glands secrete an alkaline product that helps achieve optimal pH for the activity of pancreatic enzymes. Where are these glands located?
- A.
At the base of villi throughout the small intestine
- B.
In the epithelium of the ampulla of Vater
- C.
In the mucosa and submucosa of the jejunum
- D.
In the submucosa of the duodenum
- E.
In the submucosa of the ileum
Correct Answer
D. In the submucosa of the duodenum -
- 28.
Routine chest x-ray of a worker in a tuberculosis sanitorium reveals a focal calcification initially thought to be a lung lesion. However, x-rays taken in different views establish that the abnormal calcification involves a structure other than the lung. Physiologic calcification of which of the following structures would most likely cause the radiologic shadow?
- A.
Aorta
- B.
Costal cartilage
- C.
Intercostal arteries
- D.
Intercostal veins
- E.
Vena cava
Correct Answer
B. Costal cartilage -
- 29.
Most fascia of the body that attach to bones attach by which of the following mechanisms?
- A.
Blending with the covering periosteum
- B.
Inserting deeply into the cancellous bone
- C.
Inserting deeply into the cartilage
- D.
Inserting deeply into the diaphysis
- E.
Inserting deeply into the marrow
Correct Answer
A. Blending with the covering periosteum -
- 30.
Microscopic examination of a PAS-stained histological section through a Graafian follicle demonstrates a bright reddish-pink, acellular ring around the ovum. Which of the following terms most accurately describes this ring?
- A.
Corona radiata
- B.
Cumulus oophorus
- C.
Theca externa
- D.
Theca interna
- E.
Zona pellucida
Correct Answer
E. Zona pellucida -
- 31.
A 24-year-old delivery driver is involved in an accident and sustains a wide abrasion over his left elbow. The abrasion results in the total loss of epidermis over a large area of his left arm, but one month later, the abrasion has healed, with regrowth of the epidermis. Which of the following mechanisms accounts for the restoration of the epidermis over the abraded area?
- A.
Growth of epidermis from hair follicles and sweat glands in the dermis
- B.
Migration of endothelial cells from newly grown capillaries
- C.
Transformation of dermal fibroblasts into epidermal cells
- D.
Transformation of macrophages into epidermal cells
- E.
Transformation of melanocytes into epidermal cells
Correct Answer
A. Growth of epidermis from hair follicles and sweat glands in the dermis -
- 32.
Damage to which of the following structures might produce hair cell loss?
- A.
Basilar membrane
- B.
Organ of Corti
- C.
Reissner's membrane
- D.
Scala tympani
- E.
Scala vestibuli
Correct Answer
B. Organ of Corti -
- 33.
In the adult, neurons are an example of which of the following?
- A.
Continuously dividing cells
- B.
Labile cells
- C.
Permanent cells
- D.
Quiescent cells
- E.
Stable cells
Correct Answer
C. Permanent cells -
- 34.
Which of the following hormones is secreted by anterior pituitary cells that stain with acidic dyes?
- A.
ACTH
- B.
FSH
- C.
LH
- D.
Prolactin
- E.
TSH
Correct Answer
D. Prolactin -
- 35.
A researcher is examining the distribution of an ion channel protein in the kidney. She incubates slices of kidney tissue in a dilute solution of a specific antibody directed against the protein, then uses the immunoperoxidase method to localize the ion channel proteins. She notes the presence of brown pigment in a population of epithelial cells, which on closer examination, have a brush border. The researcher concludes that the protein is probably present in cells of the:
- A.
Collecting duct
- B.
Deep portion of loop of Henle
- C.
Distal convoluted tubule
- D.
Glomerulus
- E.
Proximal convoluted tubule
Correct Answer
E. Proximal convoluted tubule -
- 36.
Which of the following is found in the respiratory zone of the lung?
- A.
Goblet cells
- B.
Main bronchi
- C.
Mucous cells
- D.
Terminal bronchioles
- E.
Type I epithelial cells
Correct Answer
E. Type I epithelial cells -
- 37.
An AIDS patient develops symptoms of pneumonia, and Pneumocystis carinii is suspected as the causative organism. Bronchial lavage is performed. Which of the following stains would be most helpful in demonstrating the organism's cysts on slides made from the lavage fluid?
- A.
Alcian blue
- B.
Hematoxylin and eosin
- C.
Methenamine silver
- D.
Prussian blue
- E.
Trichrome stain
Correct Answer
C. Methenamine silver -
- 38.
A gastric biopsy is taken from a 42-year-old man. As the pathologist inspects the specimen, he observes numerous, normal cuboidal-to-columnar cells with apical membrane-bound secretion granules in the gastric glands. From which area of the stomach was the biopsy most likely taken?
- A.
Cardiac region
- B.
Columns of Morgagni
- C.
Fundic region
- D.
Greater omentum
- E.
Pyloric region
Correct Answer
C. Fundic region -
- 39.
Observation of a hematoxylin and eosin-stained microscope slide reveals that the nuclei are blue. What is the basis for this observation?
- A.
Eosin binds to carbohydrates
- B.
Eosin binds to lipids
- C.
Eosin binds to nucleic acids
- D.
Hematoxylin binds to lipids
- E.
Hematoxylin binds to nucleic acids
Correct Answer
E. Hematoxylin binds to nucleic acids -
- 40.
In which of the following organs are fenestrated endothelial cells common?
- A.
Heart
- B.
Liver
- C.
Lungs
- D.
Pancreas
- E.
Stomach
Correct Answer
B. Liver -
- 41.
Which of the following tissues normally has the highest percentage of mucus-secreting cells?
- A.
Esophageal mucosa
- B.
Oral mucosa
- C.
Parotid gland
- D.
Sublingual gland
- E.
Submandibular gland
Correct Answer
D. Sublingual gland -
- 42.
Microscopic examination of a section of a normal young adult ovary reveals large numbers of unusually large cells surrounded by a single layer of flat epithelial cells. In which phase of the cell cycle are these cells arrested?
- A.
Diplotene stage of the 1st meiotic division
- B.
Diplotene stage of the 2nd meiotic division
- C.
Metaphase stage of mitosis
- D.
Prophase stage of mitosis
- E.
Prophase stage of the 2nd meiotic division
Correct Answer
A. Diplotene stage of the 1st meiotic division -
- 43.
1. In this section of a healing bone fracture, which of the following best describes the cell at the arrow?
- A.
Apoptotic cell
- B.
Bone-lining macrophage
- C.
Dividing osteoblast
- D.
Necrotic cell
- E.
Typical osteoblast
Correct Answer
A. Apoptotic cell -
- 44.
1. Which of the following products do the cells indicated above produce?
- A.
Alkaline phosphatase
- B.
Hydrochloric acid
- C.
Immunoglobulin
- D.
Major basic protein
- E.
Mucus
- F.
Surfactant
- G.
Von Willebrand's factor
- H.
Zymogen
Correct Answer
F. Surfactant -
- 45.
3. A cardiovascular physiologist is performing experiments using a new alpha1 adrenergic agonist to determine the amount of vasoconstriction the new drug can produce compared with a phenylephrine control. Which of the labeled structures is the cellular target of both of these drugs?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
Correct Answer
E. E -
- 46.
4. What is the primary function of the cell pointed to in the figure above?
- A.
It produces low-molecular weight polypeptides
- B.
It secretes bactericidal enzymes
- C.
It secretes lipases
- D.
It secretes mucins
- E.
It secretes pepsinogen
Correct Answer
B. It secretes bactericidal enzymes -
- 47.
5. A 29-year-old man with reactive airway disease undergoes endobronchial biopsy. The biopsy material is prepared for light microscopy as well as electron microscopy. The cell pictured above in an electron micrograph stains reddish purple with toluidine blue. The cell depicted is most likely a(n):
- A.
Alveolar macrophage
- B.
Histiocyte
- C.
Mast cell
- D.
Type II pneumocyte
Correct Answer
C. Mast cell -
- 48.
6. Which of the labeled structures is responsible for the secretion of renin?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
Correct Answer
C. C -
- 49.
7. A 25-year-old man presents with a 4-cm mass above the clavicle. Chest X-ray demonstrates marked mediastinal widening. Excisional biopsy of the supraclavicular mass demonstrates areas with the appearance shown in the photomicrograph above. The large cell (indicated with the arrow) is most likely which of the following?
- A.
Langhans cell
- B.
LE cell
- C.
Mott cell
- D.
Reed-Sternberg cell
- E.
Touton cell
Correct Answer
D. Reed-Sternberg cell -
- 50.
8. The photomicrograph shows a section of synovium from the knee joint of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which of the following are the most abundant cells in the inflammatory infiltrate?
- A.
Eosinophils
- B.
Langhans type giant cells
- C.
Lymphocytes and plasma cells
- D.
Neutrophils
- E.
Type A and B synovial cells
Correct Answer
C. Lymphocytes and plasma cells -
Quiz Review Timeline +
Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
-
Current Version
-
Mar 21, 2022Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Oct 17, 2012Quiz Created by
Naveen007
- Aeronautics Quizzes
- Aerospace Quizzes
- Agricultural Science Quizzes
- Astrology Quizzes
- Astronomy Quizzes
- Atom Quizzes
- Biochemistry Quizzes
- Biomechanics Quizzes
- Biostatistics Quizzes
- Biotechnology Quizzes
- Botany Quizzes
- Branches Of Science Quizzes
- Chemistry Quizzes
- Cytology Quizzes
- Easy Science Quizzes
- Ecology Quizzes
- Electrical Quizzes
- Embryology Quizzes
- Endocrinology Quizzes
- Engineering Quizzes
- Environmental Science Quizzes
- Epidemiology Quizzes
- Experiment Quizzes
- Forestry Quizzes
- Fossil Quizzes
- Gas Quizzes
- General Science Quizzes
- Genetics Quizzes
- Human Biology Quizzes
- Integrated Science Quizzes
- Invention Quizzes
- Library Science Quizzes
- Lighting Quizzes
- Liquid Quizzes
- Marine Biology Quizzes
- Microbiology Quizzes
- Molecular Biology Quizzes
- Nature Quizzes
- Neuroscience Quizzes
- Nuclear Science Quizzes
- Oceanography Quizzes
- Physics Quizzes
- Psychology Quizzes
- Science And Technology Quizzes
- Science Glossary Quizzes
- Science Knowledge Quizzes
- Science Practice Quizzes
- Scientific Method Quizzes
- Scientific Notation Quizzes
- Soil Science Quizzes
- Solar System Quizzes
- Solid Quizzes
Back to top