Human Heart Quiz: Anatomy And Disease

Explanation
Blocked coronary arteries can cause ischemic heart disease, but they are not the only cause of ischemic heart disease.

Explanation
Heart Failure is also known as Congestive heart, cardiac failure.

Explanation
Heart failure can be caused by two main factors: a defect and an illness that weakens the heart muscles. A defect refers to a structural abnormality in the heart, such as a congenital defect or a malfunctioning heart valve. On the other hand, an illness that weakens the heart muscles could be conditions like coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, or infections that damage the heart muscle. Both of these factors can lead to the heart's inability to pump enough blood to support the body, resulting in heart failure.

Explanation
Heart failure is a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Two common symptoms of heart failure are fluid retention (swelling) and reduced blood flow. Fluid retention occurs when the heart is unable to effectively pump blood, causing fluid to accumulate in the body's tissues, leading to swelling in the legs, ankles, and abdomen. Reduced blood flow results in symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and dizziness, as the organs and tissues do not receive enough oxygen and nutrients.

Explanation
Myocardial ischemia refers to a reduced blood supply to the heart muscle, typically due to a blockage in the coronary arteries. Angina pectoris is a symptom of myocardial ischemia, characterized by chest pain or discomfort. While myocardial ischemia can cause temporary damage to the heart muscle, it does not necessarily lead to myocardial necrosis, which is the death of heart muscle cells. Myocardial necrosis usually occurs in more severe cases, such as during a heart attack when the blood supply is completely blocked for an extended period. Therefore, the correct answer is no.

Explanation
Prinzmetal variant angina, also known as vasospastic angina, is characterized by episodes of chest pain that occur at rest and are caused by coronary artery spasms. On the other hand, unstable angina is a type of angina that occurs at rest or with minimal exertion and is considered more severe than stable angina. It is often a warning sign of an impending heart attack. Therefore, unstable angina is the correct answer for the type of angina also known as Crescendo Angina.

Explanation
A diabetic patient is most likely to suffer from silent myocardial ischemia. This is because diabetes can damage the nerves that control the heart, leading to a decreased ability to feel pain or discomfort during a heart attack. Therefore, a diabetic patient may not experience the typical symptoms of chest pain or shortness of breath, making it difficult to diagnose and treat the condition in a timely manner.

Explanation
A patient with unstable angina is most likely to experience chest pain at rest. Unstable angina is characterized by chest pain or discomfort that occurs at rest or with minimal exertion. This type of angina is considered more serious and unpredictable compared to stable angina. It can occur even when a person is not physically active and may indicate a higher risk of a heart attack. Therefore, the patient with unstable angina is more likely to experience chest pain at rest.

Explanation
Unstable angina is a condition where there is a sudden disruption of plaques in the coronary arteries, leading to partial or complete blockage of blood flow to the heart. This disruption can cause chest pain or discomfort, which is different from stable angina where the plaques are more stable and do not typically cause sudden blockages. Therefore, the patient with unstable angina is more likely to have disrupted plaques compared to a patient with stable angina.

Explanation
The patient with unstable angina is most likely to suffer a myocardial infarction. Unstable angina is a condition where there is a sudden decrease in blood flow to the heart, causing chest pain that is unpredictable and can occur even at rest. This is different from stable angina, where chest pain is triggered by physical exertion and is more predictable. Prinzmetal angina is caused by coronary artery spasm and is less likely to lead to a myocardial infarction compared to unstable angina.

Explanation
Arteriosclerosis refers to the hardening of the arteries. This condition occurs when the walls of the arteries become thick and stiff, leading to a decrease in their elasticity. This can result in reduced blood flow and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke.

Explanation
Arteriolosclerosis is a condition that specifically affects small arteries and arterioles. It is characterized by the thickening and hardening of the walls of these blood vessels, leading to a decreased blood flow and potential organ damage. Therefore, the statement that arteriolosclerosis affects small arteries and arterioles is true.