Heart Anatomy Exam: GK Quiz!

The hepatic portal vein is the correct answer because it is the vessel that carries blood from the digestive tract organs, such as the stomach, intestines, and spleen, to the liver. This blood is rich in nutrients and other substances that have been absorbed from the digestive system. The liver then processes and filters this blood before it is returned to the general circulation via the hepatic vein. The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body back to the heart, while the renal vein carries blood from the kidneys.

The correct answer is pacemaker. The sinoatrial node, also known as the pacemaker of the heart, is responsible for initiating the electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm. It is located in the right atrium and acts as the natural pacemaker for the heart, setting the pace for the rest of the cardiac conduction system.

Systole is the correct answer because it refers to the contraction phase of the heart's cardiac cycle. During systole, the heart muscles contract, pumping blood out of the chambers and into the arteries. This is an essential process for maintaining blood circulation throughout the body. Fibrillation, tachycardia, and diastole are not the correct terms for heart contraction. Fibrillation refers to irregular and rapid heartbeats, tachycardia refers to a fast heart rate, and diastole refers to the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle.

The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as pulmonary circulation. This is because it involves the circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs, where oxygen is picked up and carbon dioxide is released. Systemic circulation refers to the circulation of blood throughout the rest of the body, cardiac circulation refers to the circulation within the heart, and coronary circulation refers to the circulation within the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle.

Large veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. These valves are one-way flaps that open and close, allowing blood to flow towards the heart and preventing it from flowing backwards. This helps to maintain the proper direction of blood flow and ensure efficient circulation throughout the body.

The brachial vein drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, which are located in the forearm. It then empties this blood into the axillary vein, which is located in the armpit. This pathway allows for the return of deoxygenated blood from the forearm to the heart.

The buffy coat in a centrifuged blood sample is a thin layer located between the formed elements (red blood cells and platelets) and the plasma. It contains leukocytes (white blood cells) and platelets.

Hemophilia is a blood clotting disorder characterized by the inability of the blood to clot properly. This is due to a deficiency or absence of certain clotting factors in the blood. As a result, individuals with hemophilia experience prolonged bleeding and are at a higher risk of excessive bleeding from even minor injuries or surgeries. Polycthemia, anemia, leukocytosis, and leukopenia are not blood clotting disorders but rather conditions that involve abnormalities in the number or function of red blood cells or white blood cells.

The electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node is the P wave.

Diapedesis refers to the process by which white blood cells move through the walls of blood vessels and into the surrounding tissues. This allows the white blood cells to reach the site of infection or injury and initiate an immune response. Chemotaxis, diffusion, and filtration are not specifically related to the movement of white blood cells through blood vessel walls.

The celiac artery is the correct answer because it is the first branch of the abdominal aorta. It arises just below the diaphragm and supplies blood to the stomach, liver, spleen, and other organs in the upper abdomen. The hepatic artery, splenic artery, superior mesenteric artery, and femoral artery are also branches of the abdominal aorta, but they are not the first branch.

During coagulation, fibrinogen is converted into fibrin by the enzyme thrombin. Fibrin forms a mesh-like structure that helps in the clotting process by trapping blood cells and platelets to form a stable clot. This process is essential for preventing excessive bleeding and promoting wound healing.

The mitral valve is normally closed when the ventricle is in systole. During systole, the ventricle contracts and pumps blood out of the heart. The closure of the mitral valve prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricle back into the atrium. This ensures that blood flows in one direction, from the atrium to the ventricle and then out to the rest of the body.