DNA In Genetics And Heredity Quiz

Heterozygous is the correct answer because it refers to a condition where the alleles for a specific trait are different from each other. In heterozygous individuals, one allele is dominant and the other is recessive, resulting in a mixed expression of the trait. This term is commonly used in genetics to describe the genotype of an organism that carries two different alleles for a particular gene.

Gregor Mendel is considered the father of modern genetics because of his groundbreaking work with pea plants in the mid-19th century. Through his experiments, Mendel discovered the basic principles of inheritance, including the concepts of dominant and recessive traits, and the laws of segregation and independent assortment. His work laid the foundation for the field of genetics and revolutionized our understanding of how traits are passed down from generation to generation. Mendel's discoveries were not widely recognized during his lifetime but were later rediscovered and acknowledged as the cornerstone of modern genetics.

A Punnett square is a tool used in genetics to predict the possible genotypes for offspring. It is named after Reginald Punnett, a British geneticist who developed this method. The Punnett square is a grid that helps determine the probability of different combinations of alleles from the parents in their offspring. By using this square, scientists can visualize and calculate the likelihood of certain traits being inherited by the offspring.

Phenotypical expression refers to the manifestation of genetic information in an individual's observable traits or characteristics. It involves the expression of genes in the form of physical traits, such as eye color, height, or hair type. This term is commonly used in genetics to describe how genes are expressed and how they contribute to an individual's phenotype. It is the most appropriate term among the given options to describe the outward expression of genetic information.

The correct answer is that organisms inherit structural and functional organization from their parents. This statement is in line with the principle of heredity transmission, which states that offspring inherit traits and characteristics from their parents. This is the basis of genetics and is supported by Mendel's laws of inheritance. The inheritance of structural and functional organization refers to the passing down of physical and physiological traits from one generation to the next.

Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms to produce gametes. It consists of two phases: meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis I, the chromosomes replicate and pair up, and then separate into two daughter cells. In meiosis II, the replicated chromosomes in the daughter cells separate again, resulting in four haploid cells. Therefore, there are two phases in meiosis.

The main thought behind the Law of independent assortment is that genes are independently assorted on the chromosome. This means that the inheritance of one gene does not influence the inheritance of another gene. Each gene is randomly assorted and inherited independently of other genes, leading to a variety of possible combinations in offspring.