Fundamentals Of The Nervous System And Nervous Tissue
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Quiz on the fundamentals of the nervous system and the nervous tissue. This is prep for the next test and practical.
- 1.The master controlling and communicating system of the body?
- A.
Nervous System
- B.
Skeletal System
- C.
Muscular System
- D.
Lymphatic System
- 2.What are the functions of the nervous system?
- A.
Sensory Input, Integration, Motor Output
- B.
Integration, memory, carry messages
- C.
Conscious Control, Sensory, Command Center
- D.
Carry Messages, Command Center, Stimuli Response
- 3.Monitoring stimuli?
- A.
Sensory Input
- B.
Integration
- C.
Motor Output
- 4.Interpretation of sensory input?
- A.
Integration
- B.
Motor Output
- C.
Sensory Input
- 5.Response to Stimuli?
- A.
Motor Output
- B.
Sensory Input
- C.
Integration
- 6.Brain and spinal cord, integration and command center?
- A.
Central Nervous System
- B.
Peripheral Nervous System
- 7.Paired spinal and cranial nerves, carries messages to and from the spinal cord and brain?
- A.
Peripheral Nervous System
- B.
Central Nervous System
- 8.What are the 2 functional divisions of the PNS?
- A.
Sensory (afferent division), Motor (efferent division)
- B.
Somatic, Autonomic
- C.
Stimuli, Response
- D.
Control, Communicate
- 9.Carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the brain?
- A.
Sensory Afferent Fibers
- B.
Motor Efferent Division
- 10.Transmit impulses from visceral organs to the brain?
- A.
Visceral Afferent Fibers
- B.
Sensory Afferent Fibers
- 11.Which division of the PNS contain Sensory and Visceral afferent fibers?
- A.
Sensory
- B.
Motor
- 12.Transmit impulses from the CNS to effector organs?
- A.
Motor (Efferent) Division
- B.
Sensory (Afferent Division)
- 13.What are the 2 main parts of the Motor Division?
- A.
Somatic Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System
- B.
Sensory, Visceral
- 14.Conscious control of skeletal muscles?
- A.
Somatic Nervous System
- B.
Autonomic Nervous System
- 15.Regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?
- A.
Autonomic Nervous System
- B.
Somatic Nervous System
- 16.Contain the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
- A.
Autonomic Nervous System
- B.
Somatic Nervous System
- 17.What are the two principal cell types of the nervous system?
- A.
Dendrites, Axons
- B.
Neurons, Supporting Cells
- C.
Neuroglia, Astrocytes
- D.
Microglia, Ependymal
- 18.Excitable cells that transmit electrical signals?
- A.
Neuroglia
- B.
Neurons
- C.
Astrocytes
- D.
Microglia
- 19.Cells that surround and wrap neurons?
- A.
Microglia
- B.
Supporting Cells
- C.
Neuroglia
- D.
Astrocytes
- 20.Cells that provide a supportive scaffolding for neurons, segregate and insulate neurons, guide young neurons to the proper connections, promote health and growth?
- A.
Ependymal Cells
- B.
Neuroglia
- C.
Astrocytes
- D.
Microglia
- 21.Most abundant versatile and highly branched glial cells, they cling to neurons and their synaptic endings, and cover capillaries?
- A.
Oligodendrocytes
- B.
Astrocytes
- C.
Microglia
- D.
Ependymal Cells
- 22.Support and brace neurons, anchor neurons to their nutrient supplies, guide migration of young neurons, control the chemical environment?
- A.
Oligodendrocytes
- B.
Astrocytes
- C.
Microglia
- D.
Ependymal Cells
- 23.Phagocytes that monitor the health of neurons?
- A.
Schwann Cells
- B.
Microglia
- C.
Ependymal Cells
- D.
Oligodendrocytes
- 24.They line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column?
- A.
Satellite Cells
- B.
Ependymal Cells
- C.
Oligodendrocytes
- D.
Schwann Cells
- 25.Branched cells that wrap CNS nerve fibers?
- A.
Neurons
- B.
Oligodendrocytes
- C.
Schwann Cells
- D.
Satellite Cells
- 26.Surround fibers of the PNS?
- A.
Neuroglia
- B.
Schwann Cells (Neurolemmocytes)
- C.
Satellite Cells
- D.
Neurons
- 27.Surround neuron cell bodies with ganglia?
- A.
Astrocytes
- B.
Satellite Cells
- C.
Neurons
- D.
Neuroglia
- 28.Their plasma membrane function in electrical signaling, cell-to-cell signaling during development?
- A.
Processes
- B.
Dendrites
- C.
Neurons (Nerve Cells)
- D.
Soma
- 29.Contains the nucleus and a nucleolus, the major biosynthetic center, the focal point for the outgrowth of neuronal processes, has no centrioles, has well developed Nissl bodes, contains an axon hillock?
- A.
Dendrites
- B.
Axons
- C.
Soma
- D.
Processes
- 30.Armlike extensions from the soma, called tracts in the CNS and nerves in the PNS?
- A.
Axons
- B.
Neurons
- C.
Processes
- D.
Dendrites
- 31.Short tapering and diffusely branched processes, receptive or input regions of the neuron, electrical signals are conveyed as graded potentials?
- A.
Neurons
- B.
Soma
- C.
Dendrites
- D.
Axons
- 32.Slender processes of uniform diameter arising from the hillock, long ones are called nerve fibers, usually there is only one unbranched per neuron?
- A.
Soma
- B.
Processes
- C.
Axon
- D.
Dendrite
- 33.Generate and transmit action potentials, secrete neurotransmitters from the terminals?
- A.
Myelin Sheath
- B.
Nodes of Ranvier
- C.
Unmyelinated Axons
- D.
Axons
- 34.What are the ways movement occurs along axons?
- A.
Up and Down
- B.
Vertically and Horizontally
- C.
Laterally and Bilaterally
- D.
Anterograde and Retrograde
- 35.Whitish, fatty segmented sheath around most long axons, it functions to protect the axon, electrically insulate fibers from one another, and increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission?
- A.
Neurilemma
- B.
Nodes of Ranvier
- C.
Unmyelinated Axons
- D.
Myelin Sheath
- 36.Formed by Schwann cells in the PNS?
- A.
Nodes of Ranvier
- B.
Unmyelinated Axons
- C.
Dendrites
- D.
Myelin Sheath
- 37.Envelopes an axon in a trough, encloses the axon with its plasma membrane, has concentric layers of membrane that make up the myelin sheath?
- A.
Neurilemma
- B.
Nodes of Ranvier
- C.
Dendrite
- D.
Schwann Cell
- 38.Remaining nucleus and cytoplasm of a Schwann Cell?
- A.
Nodes of Ranvier
- B.
Axons
- C.
Dendrite
- D.
Neurilemma
- 39.Gaps in the myelin sheath between adjacent Schwann cells, sites where axon collaterals can emerge?
- A.
Dendrites
- B.
Soma
- C.
Unmyelinated Axons
- D.
Nodes of Ranvier
- 40.A schwann cell surrounds nerve fibers but coiling does not take place, schwann cells partially enclose 15 or more axons?
- A.
Myelin Sheath
- B.
Dendrite
- C.
Soma
- D.
Unmyelinated Axons
- 41.Both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers are present, myelin sheaths are formed by oligodendrocytes, Nodes of Ranvier are widely spaces, no neurilemma?
- A.
Axons of the CNS
- B.
Axons of the PNS
- C.
Dendrites of the CNS
- D.
Dendrites of the PNS
- 42.Dense collections of myelinated fibers?
- A.
White Matter
- B.
Gray Matter
- 43.Mostly soma and unmyelinated fibers?
- A.
Gray matter
- B.
White matter
- 44.Three or more processes?
- A.
Multipolar
- B.
Bipolar
- C.
Unipolar
- 45.Two processes (axon and dendrite)
- A.
Bipolar
- B.
Unipolar
- C.
Multipolar
- 46.Single, short process?
- A.
Unipolar
- B.
Multipolar
- C.
Bipolar
- 47.Transmit impulses toward the CNS?
- A.
Sensory (afferent)
- B.
Motor (efferent)
- C.
Interneurons
- 48.Carry impulses away from the CNS?
- A.
Motor (Efferent)
- B.
Sensory (Afferent)
- C.
Interneurons
- 49.Shuttle signals through CNS pathways?
- A.
Interneurons
- B.
Sensory (afferent)
- C.
Motor (efferent)
- 50.Electrical impulses carried along the length of axons, always the same regardless of stimulus, the underlying functional feature of the nervous system?
- A.
Action Potentials
- B.
Sensory
- C.
Motor
- D.
Bipolar
- 51.Measure of potential energy generated by separated charge?
- A.
Resistance (R)
- B.
Voltage (V)
- C.
Potential Difference
- D.
Current (I)
- 52.Voltage measured between two points?
- A.
Insulator
- B.
Potential Difference
- C.
Current (I)
- D.
Resistance (R)
- 53.The flow of electrical charge between two points?
- A.
Conductor
- B.
Current (I)
- C.
Resistance (R)
- D.
Insulator
- 54.Hindrance to charge flow?
- A.
Voltage (V)
- B.
Resistance (R)
- C.
Insulator
- D.
Conductor
- 55.Substance with high electrical resistance?
- A.
Potential Difference
- B.
Insulator
- C.
Conductor
- D.
Voltage (V)
- 56.Substance with low electrical resistance?
- A.
Current (I)
- B.
Conductor
- C.
Voltage (V)
- D.
Potential Difference
- 57.Passive, or leakage, channels?
- A.
Open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors
- B.
Always Open
- C.
Open with binding of a specific neurotransmitter
- D.
Open and close in response to membrane potential
- 58.Chemically gated channels?
- A.
Always open
- B.
Open with binding of a specific neurotransmitter
- C.
Open and close in response to membrane potential
- D.
Open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors
- 59.Voltage-gated channels?
- A.
Open with binding of a specific neurotransmitter
- B.
Open and close in response to membrane potential
- C.
Open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors
- D.
Always open
- 60.Mechanically gated channels?
- A.
Open and close in response to membrane potential
- B.
Open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors
- C.
Always open
- D.
Open with binding of a specific neurotransmitter
- 61.Na+ - K+ Gated Channel*Closed when a neurotransmitter is not bound to the extracellular receptor*Na+ cannot enter the cell and K+ cannot exit the cell*Open when a neurotransmitter is attached to the receptor*Na+ enters the cell and K+ exits the cell
- A.
Operation of a Voltage-Gated Channel
- B.
Operation of a Gated Channel
- 62.Na+ Channel*Closed when the intracellular environment is negative*Na+ cannot enter the cell*Open when the intracellular environment is positive*Na+ can enter the cell
- A.
Operation of a Gated Channel
- B.
Operation of a Voltage-Gated Channel
- 63.Ions move quickly across the membrane, movement is along their electrochemical gradients, an electrical current is created, voltage changes across the membrane?
- A.
Gated Channels are Open
- B.
Gated Channels are Closed
- 64.The potential difference across the membrane of a resting neuron?
- A.
-7mV
- B.
-35mV
- C.
-70mV
- D.
-140mV
- 65.Used to integrate, send, and receive information, changes produced by changes in membrane permeability to ions, alterations of ion concentrations across the membrane?
- A.
Soma Potential
- B.
Nucleus Potential
- C.
Membrane Potential
- D.
Cell Potential
- 66.The inside of the membrane becomes less negative?
- A.
Repolarization
- B.
Hyperpolarization
- C.
Depolarization
- 67.The membrane retunrs to its resting membrane potential?
- A.
Hyperpolarization
- B.
Depolarization
- C.
Repolarization
- 68.The inside of the membrane becomes more negative than the resting potential?
- A.
Depolarization
- B.
Repolarization
- C.
Hyperpolarization
- 69.*Short lives, local changes in membrane potential*Decrease in intensity with distance*Magnitude varies directly with the strength of the stimulus*Sufficiently strong graded potential can initiate action potentials*Voltage changes are decremental*Current is quickly dissipated due to the leaky membrane*Only travel over short distances
- A.
Graded Potentials
- B.
Action Potentials
- 70.*A brief reversal of membrane potential with a total amplitude of 100 mV*Only generated by muscle cells and neurons*They do not decrease in strength over distance*They are the principal means of neural communication*Called nerve impluses in the axon of a neuron
- A.
Graded Potentials
- B.
Action Potentials
- 71.*Na+ and K+ channels are closed*Activation Gates - closed*Inactivation Gates - open
- A.
Depolarization Phase
- B.
Repolarization Phase
- C.
Hyperpolarization
- D.
Resting State
- 72.*Na+ permeability increses, membrane potential reverses*Na+ gates are opened, K+ gates are closed*Threshold -55 - -50mV
- A.
Repolarization Phase
- B.
Hyperpolarization
- C.
Resting State
- D.
Depolarization Phase
- 73.*Sodium inactivation gates close*K+ gates open*K+ exits the cell, internal negativity of the resting neuron restored
- A.
Hyperpolarization
- B.
Resting State
- C.
Depolarization Phase
- D.
Repolarization Phase
- 74.*Potassium gates remain open, effux of K+*neuron is insensitive to stimulus and depolarization during this time
- A.
Depolarization Phase
- B.
Resting State
- C.
Repolarization Phase
- D.
Hyperpolarization
- 75.What is the correct order for the phases of the Action Potential?
- A.
Depolarization Phase, Repolarization Phase, Hyperpolarization, Resting State
- B.
Repolarization Phase, Hyperpolarization, Resting State, Depolarization
- C.
Hyperpolarization, Resting State, Depolarization Phase, Repolarization Phase
- D.
Resting State, Depolarization Phase, Repolarization Phase, Hyperpolarization
- 76.Time from the opening of the Na+ activation gates until the closing of inactivation gates?
- A.
Absolute Refractory Period
- B.
Relative Refractory Period
- 77.Prevents the neuron from generating an action potential, ensures that each action potential is separate, enforces one-way transmission of nerve impulses?
- A.
Absolute Refractory Period
- B.
Relative Refractory Period
- 78.Sodium gates are closed, potassium gates are open, repolarization is occurring, the threshold level is elevared allowing strong stimuli to increase the frequency of action potential events?
- A.
Relative Refractory Period
- B.
Absolute Refractory Period
- 79.The larger the diameter, the faster the ______?
- A.
Impulse
- B.
Condution
- C.
Treatment
- D.
Reastion
- 80.A junction that mediates information transfer from one neuron to another neuron or to an effector cell?
- A.
Node
- B.
Synapse
- C.
Desmosome
- D.
Terminal
- 81.Conducts impulses toward the synapse?
- A.
Postsynaptic Neuron
- B.
Presynaptic Neuron
- 82.Transmits impulses away from the synapse?
- A.
Presynaptic Neuron
- B.
Postsynaptic Neuron
- 83.Synapses between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another?
- A.
Dendrodendritic
- B.
Axondendritic
- C.
Axosomatic
- D.
Axoaxonic
- 84.Synapses between the axon of one neuron and the soma of another?
- A.
Dendrosomatic
- B.
Axosomatic
- C.
Axoaxonic
- D.
Dendrodendritic
- 85.Less common variety, correspond to gap junctions found in other cell types, important in the CNS for arousal from sleep, mental attention, emotions and memory, ion and water homeostasis?
- A.
Chemical Synapses
- B.
Electrical Synapses
- C.
Synaptic Cleft
- 86.Specialized for the release and reception of neurotransmitters?
- A.
Electrical Synapses
- B.
Chemical Synapses
- C.
Synaptic Cleft
- 87.Fluid filled space separating the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, prevents nerve impulses from directly passing from one neuron to the next, transmission is a chemical event, and ensures unidirectional communication between neurons?
- A.
Electrical Synapses
- B.
Synaptic Cleft
- C.
Chemical Synapses
- 88.Released at the neuromuscular junction, synthesized and enclosed in synaptic vesicles, released by all neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle, some neurons in the autonomic nervous system?
- A.
Amino Acids
- B.
Peptides
- C.
Acetylcholine
- D.
Biogenic Amines
- 89.Include dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotning, histamine, broadly distributed in the brain, play roles in emotional behaviors and our biological clock?
- A.
Peptides
- B.
Acetylcholine
- C.
Biogenic Amines
- D.
Amino Acids
- 90.Include GABA, Glycine, Apartate, Glutamate, Found only in the CNS?
- A.
Biogenic Amines
- B.
Acetylcholine
- C.
Amino Acids
- D.
Peptides
- 91.Act as natural opiates, reduce pain perception, bind to the same receptors as opiates and morphine, somatostatin, endorphins?
- A.
Amino Acids
- B.
Biogenic Amines
- C.
Acetylcholine
- D.
Peptides
- 92.Found in both the CNS and PNS, provokes pain sensation?
- A.
CO
- B.
NO
- C.
H2O
- D.
ATP
- 93.Activates the intracellular receptor guanylyl cyclase, is involved in learning and memory?
- A.
CO
- B.
ATP
- C.
H2O
- D.
NO
- 94.Main regulator of cGMP in the brain?
- A.
NO
- B.
ATP
- C.
H2O
- D.
CO
- 95.____________________ neurotransmitters cause depolarizations?
- A.
Excitatory
- B.
Inhibitory
- 96.________________ neurotransmitters cause hyperpolarizations?
- A.
Excitatory
- B.
Inhibitory
- 97.Input travels along one pathway to a specific destination, works in an all or none manner?
- A.
Serial Processing
- B.
Parallel Processing
- 98.Input travels along several pathways, pathways are integrated in different CNS systems, one stimulus promotes numerous responses?
- A.
Serial Processing
- B.
Parallel Processing
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