Fundamentals Of The Nervous System And Nervous Tissue

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  • 1/98 Questions

    The master controlling and communicating system of the body?

    • Nervous System
    • Skeletal System
    • Muscular System
    • Lymphatic System
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About This Quiz

Quiz on the fundamentals of the nervous system and the nervous tissue. This is prep for the next test and practical.

Nervous System Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    Brain and spinal cord, integration and command center?

    • Central Nervous System

    • Peripheral Nervous System

    Correct Answer
    A. Central Nervous System
    Explanation
    The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for integrating and processing information from the sensory organs and initiating appropriate responses. It acts as the command center of the body, coordinating and controlling all bodily functions. The peripheral nervous system, on the other hand, consists of nerves that extend from the central nervous system to the rest of the body, transmitting information to and from the brain and spinal cord.

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  • 3. 

    Three or more processes?

    • Multipolar

    • Bipolar

    • Unipolar

    Correct Answer
    A. Multipolar
    Explanation
    The term "multipolar" refers to a situation or condition where there are three or more processes involved. In this context, it suggests that there are at least three processes being discussed or compared - multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar. The answer "Multipolar" indicates that the question is asking for the term that represents a situation with three or more processes.

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  • 4. 

    Single, short process?

    • Unipolar

    • Multipolar

    • Bipolar

    Correct Answer
    A. Unipolar
    Explanation
    A single, short process refers to a neuron that has only one projection, or axon, extending from the cell body. This type of neuron is called unipolar. In contrast, multipolar neurons have multiple processes, including one axon and multiple dendrites, while bipolar neurons have two processes, one axon and one dendrite. Therefore, based on the given information, the correct answer is unipolar.

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  • 5. 

    Gaps in the myelin sheath between adjacent Schwann cells, sites where axon collaterals can emerge?

    • Dendrites

    • Soma

    • Unmyelinated Axons

    • Nodes of Ranvier

    Correct Answer
    A. Nodes of Ranvier
    Explanation
    Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath where adjacent Schwann cells do not cover the axon. These nodes play a crucial role in the conduction of nerve impulses. They allow for the saltatory conduction, where the electrical signal jumps from one node to another, significantly speeding up the transmission of the impulse along the axon. Axon collaterals can also emerge from these nodes, branching off to communicate with other neurons or muscle cells. Therefore, Nodes of Ranvier are the correct answer as they are the specific sites where axon collaterals can emerge.

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  • 6. 

    Two processes (axon and dendrite)

    • Bipolar

    • Unipolar

    • Multipolar

    Correct Answer
    A. Bipolar
    Explanation
    The term "bipolar" refers to a type of neuron that has two processes, an axon and a dendrite, extending from its cell body. This means that the neuron has one process for receiving signals (dendrite) and another for transmitting signals (axon). In contrast, a unipolar neuron has only one process extending from the cell body, which serves both the receiving and transmitting functions. A multipolar neuron, on the other hand, has multiple processes extending from the cell body, typically one axon and multiple dendrites. Therefore, the correct answer in this case is "bipolar" because it accurately describes a neuron with two processes.

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  • 7. 

    Ions move quickly across the membrane, movement is along their electrochemical gradients, an electrical current is created, voltage changes across the membrane?

    • Gated Channels are Open

    • Gated Channels are Closed

    Correct Answer
    A. Gated Channels are Open
    Explanation
    When gated channels are open, ions are able to move quickly across the membrane. This movement occurs along their electrochemical gradients, which means they move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. As ions move, an electrical current is created, leading to voltage changes across the membrane. Therefore, when gated channels are open, ions can freely move across the membrane, creating changes in voltage.

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  • 8. 

    The potential difference across the membrane of a resting neuron?

    • -7mV

    • -35mV

    • -70mV

    • -140mV

    Correct Answer
    A. -70mV
    Explanation
    The potential difference across the membrane of a resting neuron is typically around -70mV. This value is known as the resting membrane potential and refers to the electrical charge difference between the inside and outside of the neuron when it is not actively transmitting signals. The negative value indicates that the inside of the neuron is more negatively charged compared to the outside. This resting potential is maintained by the selective permeability of the neuron's membrane to ions such as potassium and sodium, as well as the activity of ion channels and pumps.

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  • 9. 

    Transmit impulses from the CNS to effector organs?

    • Motor (Efferent) Division

    • Sensory (Afferent Division)

    Correct Answer
    A. Motor (Efferent) Division
    Explanation
    The motor (efferent) division of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting impulses from the central nervous system (CNS) to effector organs. Effector organs include muscles and glands, and the motor division controls their activity. This division carries signals that initiate and control voluntary movements as well as involuntary responses. In contrast, the sensory (afferent) division transmits impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS, allowing us to perceive and interpret sensory information.

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  • 10. 

    Carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the brain?

    • Sensory Afferent Fibers

    • Motor Efferent Division

    Correct Answer
    A. Sensory Afferent Fibers
    Explanation
    Sensory afferent fibers are responsible for carrying impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the brain. These fibers transmit sensory information such as touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system. This allows the brain to receive and process sensory input, enabling us to perceive and respond to our environment. The motor efferent division, on the other hand, is responsible for carrying impulses from the brain to the muscles and glands, controlling voluntary and involuntary movements.

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  • 11. 

    Conscious control of skeletal muscles?

    • Somatic Nervous System

    • Autonomic Nervous System

    Correct Answer
    A. Somatic Nervous System
    Explanation
    The somatic nervous system is responsible for the conscious control of skeletal muscles. This system allows us to voluntarily move our muscles and perform actions such as walking, talking, and writing. It is under our conscious control, meaning that we can decide when and how to move our skeletal muscles. The autonomic nervous system, on the other hand, controls involuntary actions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.

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  • 12. 

    Regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?

    • Autonomic Nervous System

    • Somatic Nervous System

    Correct Answer
    A. Autonomic Nervous System
    Explanation
    The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating the activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. It controls involuntary actions such as heart rate, digestion, and perspiration. The somatic nervous system, on the other hand, controls voluntary movements and sensory information. Therefore, the autonomic nervous system is the correct answer for this question.

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  • 13. 

    Whitish, fatty segmented sheath around most long axons, it functions to protect the axon, electrically insulate fibers from one another, and increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission?

    • Neurilemma

    • Nodes of Ranvier

    • Unmyelinated Axons

    • Myelin Sheath

    Correct Answer
    A. Myelin Sheath
    Explanation
    The myelin sheath is a whitish, fatty segmented sheath that surrounds most long axons. It serves multiple functions, including protecting the axon, electrically insulating fibers from one another, and increasing the speed of nerve impulse transmission. The myelin sheath is formed by specialized cells called oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. These cells wrap around the axon, creating multiple layers of myelin that act as an insulating barrier. The gaps between the myelin sheath are called Nodes of Ranvier, which play a crucial role in the rapid conduction of nerve impulses.

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  • 14. 

    Transmits impulses away from the synapse?

    • Presynaptic Neuron

    • Postsynaptic Neuron

    Correct Answer
    A. Postsynaptic Neuron
    Explanation
    The postsynaptic neuron is the correct answer because it receives impulses from the presynaptic neuron at the synapse. The synapse is the junction between two neurons where communication occurs, and the presynaptic neuron transmits impulses to the postsynaptic neuron. Therefore, the postsynaptic neuron is responsible for receiving impulses and transmitting them further along the neural pathway.

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  • 15. 

    Contain the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

    • Autonomic Nervous System

    • Somatic Nervous System

    Correct Answer
    A. Autonomic Nervous System
    Explanation
    The autonomic nervous system consists of two divisions: the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. These divisions work together to regulate the involuntary functions of the body. The sympathetic division is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate and blood pressure, while the parasympathetic division promotes relaxation and digestion. Together, these divisions maintain a balance in the body's internal environment. The somatic nervous system, on the other hand, controls voluntary movements and sensory perception.

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  • 16. 

    Dense collections of myelinated fibers?

    • White Matter

    • Gray Matter

    Correct Answer
    A. White Matter
    Explanation
    White matter refers to the areas of the central nervous system that are primarily composed of myelinated axons. Myelinated fibers are responsible for transmitting information between different areas of the brain and spinal cord. These fibers appear white due to the presence of myelin, a fatty substance that insulates and speeds up the conduction of nerve impulses. Therefore, dense collections of myelinated fibers are found in white matter. Gray matter, on the other hand, consists mainly of cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons.

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  • 17. 

    Electrical impulses carried along the length of axons, always the same regardless of stimulus, the underlying functional feature of the nervous system?

    • Action Potentials

    • Sensory

    • Motor

    • Bipolar

    Correct Answer
    A. Action Potentials
    Explanation
    Action potentials are electrical impulses that are carried along the length of axons. They are always the same regardless of the stimulus. This is a fundamental functional feature of the nervous system. Action potentials allow for rapid and efficient communication between different parts of the nervous system, enabling the transmission of information and control of bodily functions. They are essential for processes such as sensory perception, motor control, and overall coordination of the nervous system.

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  • 18. 

    Carry impulses away from the CNS?

    • Motor (Efferent)

    • Sensory (Afferent)

    • Interneurons

    Correct Answer
    A. Motor (Efferent)
    Explanation
    Motor (efferent) neurons carry impulses away from the central nervous system (CNS). These neurons transmit signals from the CNS to the muscles and glands, allowing for voluntary and involuntary movements and responses. They are responsible for controlling and coordinating motor functions in the body. Sensory (afferent) neurons, on the other hand, carry impulses towards the CNS, transmitting sensory information from the body's receptors to the brain and spinal cord. Interneurons, also known as association neurons, are found within the CNS and facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons.

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  • 19. 

    Mostly soma and unmyelinated fibers?

    • Gray matter

    • White matter

    Correct Answer
    A. Gray matter
    Explanation
    Gray matter is the correct answer because it primarily consists of soma (cell bodies) and unmyelinated fibers. Gray matter is responsible for processing information in the central nervous system and is found in regions such as the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord. It contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses, which are essential for information integration and processing. In contrast, white matter primarily consists of myelinated fibers that transmit signals between different regions of gray matter.

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  • 20. 

    Transmit impulses toward the CNS?

    • Sensory (afferent)

    • Motor (efferent)

    • Interneurons

    Correct Answer
    A. Sensory (afferent)
    Explanation
    Sensory (afferent) neurons are responsible for transmitting impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS). These neurons detect various stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, and send signals to the brain or spinal cord for processing. This allows us to perceive and respond to our environment. Motor (efferent) neurons, on the other hand, transmit impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands, enabling movement and secretion. Interneurons, also found in the CNS, facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons. However, in this case, the correct answer is sensory (afferent) because it specifically refers to neurons that transmit impulses toward the CNS.

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  • 21. 

    Conducts impulses toward the synapse?

    • Postsynaptic Neuron

    • Presynaptic Neuron

    Correct Answer
    A. Presynaptic Neuron
    Explanation
    The presynaptic neuron is responsible for conducting impulses toward the synapse. It is located before the synapse and releases neurotransmitters that travel across the synapse to the postsynaptic neuron. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, allowing the impulse to be transmitted further. Therefore, the presynaptic neuron plays a crucial role in transmitting signals between neurons.

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  • 22. 

    What are the functions of the nervous system?

    • Sensory Input, Integration, Motor Output

    • Integration, memory, carry messages

    • Conscious Control, Sensory, Command Center

    • Carry Messages, Command Center, Stimuli Response

    Correct Answer
    A. Sensory Input, Integration, Motor Output
    Explanation
    The functions of the nervous system include sensory input, integration, and motor output. Sensory input involves receiving information from the environment through the senses. Integration refers to the processing and interpretation of this information in the brain and spinal cord. Finally, motor output involves the response of the body to the processed information, resulting in actions or movements.

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  • 23. 

    Which division of the PNS contain Sensory and Visceral afferent fibers?

    • Sensory

    • Motor

    Correct Answer
    A. Sensory
    Explanation
    The division of the PNS that contains sensory and visceral afferent fibers is the Sensory division. This division is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the body to the central nervous system, allowing us to perceive and respond to various stimuli. Sensory afferent fibers carry information from sensory receptors in the body, such as touch, temperature, and pain, while visceral afferent fibers transmit information from internal organs. The Motor division, on the other hand, is responsible for transmitting motor commands from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands.

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  • 24. 

    Used to integrate, send, and receive information, changes produced by changes in membrane permeability to ions, alterations of ion concentrations across the membrane?

    • Soma Potential

    • Nucleus Potential

    • Membrane Potential

    • Cell Potential

    Correct Answer
    A. Membrane Potential
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Membrane Potential. Membrane potential refers to the electrical potential difference across a cell membrane. It is generated by the movement of ions across the membrane, which is controlled by changes in membrane permeability and alterations in ion concentrations. The membrane potential is important for integrating, sending, and receiving information within a cell.

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  • 25. 

    *Short lives, local changes in membrane potential*Decrease in intensity with distance*Magnitude varies directly with the strength of the stimulus*Sufficiently strong graded potential can initiate action potentials*Voltage changes are decremental*Current is quickly dissipated due to the leaky membrane*Only travel over short distances

    • Graded Potentials

    • Action Potentials

    Correct Answer
    A. Graded Potentials
    Explanation
    Graded potentials are local changes in membrane potential that decrease in intensity with distance. The magnitude of graded potentials varies directly with the strength of the stimulus. Sufficiently strong graded potentials can initiate action potentials. Graded potentials are voltage changes that are decremental, meaning they decrease in strength as they spread through the cell. They only travel over short distances because the current is quickly dissipated due to the leaky membrane. Therefore, the given answer "Graded Potentials" is a correct explanation for the characteristics described.

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  • 26. 

    Excitable cells that transmit electrical signals?

    • Neuroglia

    • Neurons

    • Astrocytes

    • Microglia

    Correct Answer
    A. Neurons
    Explanation
    Neurons are excitable cells that transmit electrical signals in the nervous system. They are specialized cells that have the ability to receive, process, and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. Neurons play a crucial role in the communication and functioning of the nervous system, allowing for the transmission of sensory information, motor control, and cognitive processes. Neuroglia, astrocytes, and microglia are other types of cells in the nervous system, but they do not transmit electrical signals like neurons do.

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  • 27. 

    Formed by Schwann cells in the PNS?

    • Nodes of Ranvier

    • Unmyelinated Axons

    • Dendrites

    • Myelin Sheath

    Correct Answer
    A. Myelin Sheath
    Explanation
    The myelin sheath is formed by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It is a protective covering that surrounds and insulates axons, allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of nerve impulses. The myelin sheath is interrupted at regular intervals by nodes of Ranvier, which play a crucial role in the conduction of nerve impulses. Unmyelinated axons do not have a myelin sheath, while dendrites are the receiving end of a neuron and do not form a myelin sheath.

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  • 28. 

    Synapses between the axon of one neuron and the soma of another?

    • Dendrosomatic

    • Axosomatic

    • Axoaxonic

    • Dendrodendritic

    Correct Answer
    A. Axosomatic
    Explanation
    Axosomatic refers to synapses between the axon of one neuron and the soma (cell body) of another neuron. The axon, which transmits signals away from the cell body, forms a connection with the soma of another neuron. This type of synapse allows for communication and signal transmission between neurons, contributing to the overall functioning of the nervous system.

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  • 29. 

    Fluid filled space separating the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, prevents nerve impulses from directly passing from one neuron to the next, transmission is a chemical event, and ensures unidirectional communication between neurons?

    • Electrical Synapses

    • Synaptic Cleft

    • Chemical Synapses

    Correct Answer
    A. Synaptic Cleft
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Synaptic Cleft. The synaptic cleft is a fluid-filled space that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. It acts as a barrier that prevents nerve impulses from directly passing from one neuron to the next. Instead, transmission occurs through the release and reception of chemical neurotransmitters, making it a chemical event. This unidirectional communication between neurons ensures that signals are transmitted in one direction only, allowing for precise and controlled communication within the nervous system.

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  • 30. 

    Transmit impulses from visceral organs to the brain?

    • Visceral Afferent Fibers

    • Sensory Afferent Fibers

    Correct Answer
    A. Visceral Afferent Fibers
    Explanation
    Visceral afferent fibers are responsible for transmitting impulses from the visceral organs to the brain. These fibers carry sensory information from the internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, and digestive system, to the central nervous system. This allows the brain to receive feedback and information about the state and function of these organs. Sensory afferent fibers, on the other hand, transmit sensory information from the body's external environment to the brain.

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  • 31. 

    What are the 2 main parts of the Motor Division?

    • Somatic Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System

    • Sensory, Visceral

    Correct Answer
    A. Somatic Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System
    Explanation
    The motor division of the nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary and involuntary movements. It is divided into two main parts: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, such as skeletal muscle contractions, while the autonomic nervous system controls involuntary movements, such as heart rate and digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

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  • 32. 

    Phagocytes that monitor the health of neurons?

    • Schwann Cells

    • Microglia

    • Ependymal Cells

    • Oligodendrocytes

    Correct Answer
    A. Microglia
    Explanation
    Microglia are a type of phagocyte that monitor the health of neurons. They are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system and play a crucial role in immune defense and maintaining brain homeostasis. Microglia constantly survey the brain for any signs of damage, infection, or abnormality. When they detect any abnormalities, they become activated and phagocytose (engulf and digest) cellular debris, pathogens, and dead neurons. This helps in clearing out any potential threats and promoting the overall health and function of neurons.

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  • 33. 

    The flow of electrical charge between two points?

    • Conductor

    • Current (I)

    • Resistance (R)

    • Insulator

    Correct Answer
    A. Current (I)
    Explanation
    The flow of electrical charge between two points is referred to as current (I). Current is the rate at which electric charges pass through a conductor. It is measured in amperes (A) and is determined by the voltage applied and the resistance of the conductor. A higher current indicates a larger flow of charges, while a lower current indicates a smaller flow. In contrast, resistance (R) opposes the flow of current and is measured in ohms (Ω). Insulators do not allow the flow of electric charges, while conductors facilitate the flow.

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  • 34. 

    *A brief reversal of membrane potential with a total amplitude of 100 mV*Only generated by muscle cells and neurons*They do not decrease in strength over distance*They are the principal means of neural communication*Called nerve impluses in the axon of a neuron

    • Graded Potentials

    • Action Potentials

    Correct Answer
    A. Action Potentials
    Explanation
    Action potentials are brief reversals of the membrane potential that occur in muscle cells and neurons. They have a total amplitude of 100 mV and are not decreased in strength over distance. Action potentials are the principal means of neural communication and are also known as nerve impulses in the axon of a neuron.

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  • 35. 

    ____________________ neurotransmitters cause depolarizations?

    • Excitatory

    • Inhibitory

    Correct Answer
    A. Excitatory
    Explanation
    Excitatory neurotransmitters cause depolarizations by increasing the likelihood of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic neuron. When excitatory neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, they open ion channels that allow positive ions, such as sodium, to enter the cell. This influx of positive ions depolarizes the neuron, bringing it closer to the threshold for firing an action potential. As a result, excitatory neurotransmitters promote the transmission of signals and enhance neuronal activity. In contrast, inhibitory neurotransmitters cause hyperpolarizations, making it less likely for an action potential to occur.

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  • 36. 

    Interpretation of sensory input?

    • Integration

    • Motor Output

    • Sensory Input

    Correct Answer
    A. Integration
    Explanation
    Integration refers to the process of combining and interpreting sensory input from various sources to create a cohesive understanding of the environment. It involves the brain's ability to analyze and synthesize information from the senses, such as sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell. Through integration, the brain can make sense of the sensory input and generate appropriate responses and actions. This process is crucial for perception, cognition, and motor coordination.

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  • 37. 

    Prevents the neuron from generating an action potential, ensures that each action potential is separate, enforces one-way transmission of nerve impulses?

    • Absolute Refractory Period

    • Relative Refractory Period

    Correct Answer
    A. Absolute Refractory Period
    Explanation
    The absolute refractory period is a period of time during which a neuron is unable to generate another action potential, regardless of the strength of the stimulus. This prevents the neuron from firing too frequently and ensures that each action potential is separate. It also enforces one-way transmission of nerve impulses by preventing the neuron from firing in the reverse direction.

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  • 38. 

    Released at the neuromuscular junction, synthesized and enclosed in synaptic vesicles, released by all neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle, some neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

    • Amino Acids

    • Peptides

    • Acetylcholine

    • Biogenic Amines

    Correct Answer
    A. Acetylcholine
    Explanation
    Acetylcholine is the correct answer because it is a neurotransmitter that is released at the neuromuscular junction and is synthesized and enclosed in synaptic vesicles. It is also released by all neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle and some neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Amino acids, peptides, and biogenic amines are not specifically associated with these characteristics.

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  • 39. 

    They line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column?

    • Satellite Cells

    • Ependymal Cells

    • Oligodendrocytes

    • Schwann Cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Ependymal Cells
    Explanation
    Ependymal cells are a type of glial cells that line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column. They play a crucial role in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides essential nutrients and protection to the brain and spinal cord. Ependymal cells also help in the movement of CSF through the ventricles of the brain. Their location and function make them the correct answer for this question.

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  • 40. 

    Synapses between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another?

    • Dendrodendritic

    • Axondendritic

    • Axosomatic

    • Axoaxonic

    Correct Answer
    A. Axondendritic
    Explanation
    Axondendritic synapses refer to the connections between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another. This type of synapse allows for the transmission of information from the presynaptic neuron (axon) to the postsynaptic neuron (dendrite). These synapses play a crucial role in the communication and integration of signals within the nervous system.

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  • 41. 

    A junction that mediates information transfer from one neuron to another neuron or to an effector cell?

    • Node

    • Synapse

    • Desmosome

    • Terminal

    Correct Answer
    A. Synapse
    Explanation
    A synapse is a junction that mediates information transfer from one neuron to another neuron or to an effector cell. It is the point at which the electrical signal in the form of action potential is converted into a chemical signal in the form of neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron or effector cell, allowing for the transmission of the signal. The synapse plays a crucial role in the communication between neurons and is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.

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  • 42. 

    Short tapering and diffusely branched processes, receptive or input regions of the neuron, electrical signals are conveyed as graded potentials?

    • Neurons

    • Soma

    • Dendrites

    • Axons

    Correct Answer
    A. Dendrites
    Explanation
    Dendrites are the receptive or input regions of a neuron. They have short tapering and diffusely branched processes that receive electrical signals from other neurons. These signals are conveyed as graded potentials, which are changes in the electrical potential of the dendrites. Therefore, dendrites are responsible for receiving and integrating incoming signals in a neuron.

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  • 43. 

    Generate and transmit action potentials, secrete neurotransmitters from the terminals?

    • Myelin Sheath

    • Nodes of Ranvier

    • Unmyelinated Axons

    • Axons

    Correct Answer
    A. Axons
    Explanation
    Axons are responsible for generating and transmitting action potentials, as well as secreting neurotransmitters from their terminals. The myelin sheath, which is made up of Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes, surrounds and insulates the axons, allowing for faster conduction of the action potential. Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath where the axon is exposed, allowing for saltatory conduction. Unmyelinated axons lack a myelin sheath and have a slower conduction speed compared to myelinated axons. Therefore, the correct answer is axons.

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  • 44. 

    Slender processes of uniform diameter arising from the hillock, long ones are called nerve fibers, usually there is only one unbranched per neuron?

    • Soma

    • Processes

    • Axon

    • Dendrite

    Correct Answer
    A. Axon
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Axon. Axons are slender processes of uniform diameter that arise from the hillock and are long in length. They are called nerve fibers and usually, there is only one unbranched axon per neuron. Axons are responsible for transmitting electrical signals away from the neuron's cell body to other neurons or target cells.

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  • 45. 

    Remaining nucleus and cytoplasm of a Schwann Cell?

    • Nodes of Ranvier

    • Axons

    • Dendrite

    • Neurilemma

    Correct Answer
    A. Neurilemma
    Explanation
    The neurilemma is the outermost layer of the Schwann cell, which is a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system. It surrounds and protects the axon, which is the long, slender projection of a nerve cell that carries electrical impulses. The nucleus and cytoplasm of the Schwann cell remain in the neurilemma, providing support and insulation for the axon. Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon, while dendrites are short, branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons.

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  • 46. 

    Hindrance to charge flow?

    • Voltage (V)

    • Resistance (R)

    • Insulator

    • Conductor

    Correct Answer
    A. Resistance (R)
    Explanation
    Resistance (R) is the hindrance to charge flow. It is a property of a material that opposes the flow of electric current. When a voltage (V) is applied across a conductor, the flow of charge is hindered by the resistance offered by the material. The higher the resistance, the more difficult it is for the charge to flow. Insulators, on the other hand, have very high resistance and do not allow the flow of charge easily. Conductors, on the other hand, have low resistance and allow the flow of charge. Therefore, resistance is the hindrance to charge flow.

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  • 47. 

    Passive, or leakage, channels?

    • Open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors

    • Always Open

    • Open with binding of a specific neurotransmitter

    • Open and close in response to membrane potential

    Correct Answer
    A. Always Open
    Explanation
    Passive, or leakage, channels are always open. These channels allow the movement of ions across the cell membrane without any specific stimulus or signal. Unlike other channels that open or close in response to physical deformation of receptors, binding of a specific neurotransmitter, or changes in membrane potential, passive channels are continuously open, allowing the flow of ions in and out of the cell. This constant flow of ions helps maintain the resting membrane potential and is essential for various cellular processes.

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  • 48. 

    The membrane retunrs to its resting membrane potential?

    • Hyperpolarization

    • Depolarization

    • Repolarization

    Correct Answer
    A. Repolarization
    Explanation
    Repolarization refers to the process in which the membrane potential of a cell returns to its resting state after depolarization. During depolarization, the membrane potential becomes more positive, and repolarization occurs when it returns to its original negative resting potential. This is achieved through the movement of ions across the cell membrane, restoring the balance of electrical charges. Therefore, repolarization is the correct answer in this context.

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  • 49. 

    Shuttle signals through CNS pathways?

    • Interneurons

    • Sensory (afferent)

    • Motor (efferent)

    Correct Answer
    A. Interneurons
    Explanation
    Interneurons are responsible for transmitting signals between sensory neurons and motor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). They act as a bridge, relaying information and coordinating communication between different parts of the CNS. Unlike sensory and motor neurons, which carry signals to and from the CNS, interneurons primarily function within the CNS itself. Therefore, interneurons are the correct answer for the given question about shuttle signals through CNS pathways.

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  • May 20, 2025
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  • Apr 08, 2010
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