Chapter 11: The Fundamental Of The Nervous System And Nervous Tissue
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The Central Nervous system is made up of?
- A.
Brain and spinal cord
- B.
Brain and spinal nerves ang ganglia
Correct Answer
A. Brain and spinal cordExplanation
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. These two components are responsible for processing and coordinating information received from the sensory organs and sending appropriate signals to the rest of the body. The brain controls various functions such as thinking, memory, and emotions, while the spinal cord acts as a pathway for transmitting signals between the brain and the peripheral nervous system. Together, the brain and spinal cord play a crucial role in regulating and controlling the body's functions.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Who is the master control & communication system?
- A.
Nervous system
- B.
Peripheral nervous system
- C.
Automatic nervous system
Correct Answer
A. Nervous systemExplanation
The nervous system is considered the master control and communication system of the body. It is responsible for receiving, interpreting, and responding to signals from both the internal and external environment. It consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, and controls all bodily functions and processes, including movement, sensation, thought, and emotion. The nervous system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and coordinating the activities of different organ systems, making it the central control system of the body.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What are the over lapping functions of the Nervous system?
- A.
Sensory receptors
- B.
Process and inerprets
- C.
Sensory receptors, Process and interprets, Dictates a response
- D.
Dictates a response
Correct Answer
C. Sensory receptors, Process and interprets, Dictates a responseExplanation
The correct answer is Sensory receptors, Process and interprets, Dictates a response. The nervous system has three main functions: sensory input, integration, and motor output. Sensory receptors detect stimuli from the environment and transmit signals to the central nervous system. The central nervous system then processes and interprets these signals, integrating them with stored information. Finally, the nervous system dictates a response by sending signals to effectors such as muscles or glands. Therefore, the overlapping functions of the nervous system include sensory reception, information processing, and motor output.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The Peripheral Nervous system is made up of?
- A.
Spinal nerves
- B.
Cranial nerves
- C.
Ganglia cells
- D.
Spinal & cranial nerves and ganlia
Correct Answer
D. Spinal & cranial nerves and ganliaExplanation
The correct answer is spinal & cranial nerves and ganglia. The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. These nerves include both spinal nerves and cranial nerves, which transmit signals between the central nervous system and various parts of the body. Ganglia are collections of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system, and they are also part of the peripheral nervous system. Therefore, the correct answer includes all three components: spinal and cranial nerves, as well as ganglia.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Two main cell types that make up the nervous tissue are?
- A.
Neurons and neuroglial (support cells)
- B.
Neurons and support cells
- C.
Neuroglia and support cells
Correct Answer
A. Neurons and neuroglial (support cells)Explanation
The correct answer is neurons and neuroglial (support cells). Neurons are responsible for transmitting electrical signals in the nervous system, while neuroglial cells provide support and protection to neurons. They also help in maintaining the overall functioning of the nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Neurons do what?
- A.
Stop electircal signals
- B.
Transmit electrical signals
Correct Answer
B. Transmit electrical signalsExplanation
Neurons are specialized cells in the nervous system that transmit electrical signals, known as action potentials, throughout the body. These signals allow for communication between different parts of the body and are essential for various functions such as movement, sensation, and cognition. Neurons have a unique structure that enables them to receive, integrate, and transmit these electrical signals, making them the primary means of communication in the nervous system. Therefore, the correct answer is "transmit electrical signals."Rate this question:
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- 7.
The neuorn is
- A.
Not the basic structural unit of the nervous system
- B.
Is the basic unit of the nervous system
Correct Answer
B. Is the basic unit of the nervous systemExplanation
The given correct answer states that the neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system. This means that neurons are the fundamental building blocks of the nervous system and play a crucial role in transmitting information throughout the body. Neurons are specialized cells that receive, process, and transmit electrical and chemical signals, allowing for the communication and coordination of various functions within the nervous system. Their unique structure and function make neurons essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The neuron does?
- A.
Nerve impulse only
- B.
Action potential only
- C.
Both nerve impulse and action potential
Correct Answer
C. Both nerve impulse and action potentialExplanation
A neuron is a specialized cell in the nervous system that transmits information in the form of electrical signals. These electrical signals are known as nerve impulses or action potentials. Nerve impulses refer to the overall process of electrical communication within a neuron, while action potentials specifically refer to the brief, rapid changes in electrical potential that occur during the transmission of a nerve impulse. Therefore, the correct answer is that a neuron does both nerve impulse and action potential.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Most neuronal cell bodies are in the?
- A.
CNS
- B.
PNS
Correct Answer
A. CNSExplanation
The correct answer is CNS, which stands for Central Nervous System. This is because the majority of neuronal cell bodies are located within the brain and spinal cord, which are part of the CNS. The CNS is responsible for processing and coordinating information received from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and is involved in functions such as thinking, memory, and movement control. On the other hand, the PNS consists of nerves and ganglia outside of the CNS, connecting the CNS to the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Ganglia is in the?
- A.
PNS
- B.
CNS
Correct Answer
A. PNSExplanation
Ganglia is located in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS consists of nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord. Ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies that are found outside of the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, the correct answer is PNS.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What do dendrites do?
- A.
Electricle signals toward the cell body & are receptive sites for receiving signals from other neurons.
- B.
Electrical signals towards the cell body
- C.
Receptive sites for receiving signals from other neurons
Correct Answer
A. Electricle signals toward the cell body & are receptive sites for receiving signals from other neurons.Explanation
Dendrites are the branch-like structures of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons. They function as receptive sites, collecting electrical signals from neighboring neurons and transmitting them towards the cell body. This allows for communication between neurons and the integration of multiple signals to determine whether the neuron should fire an electrical impulse or not.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What applies to Axons?
- A.
Only one axon in a neuron
- B.
Two axons in a neuron
- C.
Multiple axons in a neuron
Correct Answer
A. Only one axon in a neuronExplanation
Neurons typically have only one axon, which is a long, slender projection that carries electrical signals away from the cell body towards other neurons, muscles, or glands. The axon is responsible for transmitting information from the neuron to other cells, while dendrites receive information from other cells. Having only one axon allows for efficient and directional transmission of signals, ensuring proper communication within the nervous system. Multiple axons in a neuron would create confusion and disrupt the flow of information.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What do Axons do?
- A.
Transmits impulses away from the dendrite
- B.
Transmits impulses away from the cell body (soma)
Correct Answer
B. Transmits impulses away from the cell body (soma)Explanation
Axons are long, slender extensions of a neuron that transmit impulses away from the cell body (soma). These impulses, also known as action potentials, travel down the axon and are responsible for transmitting information to other neurons, muscles, or glands. The axon is covered by a fatty substance called myelin, which helps to insulate and speed up the transmission of the impulses. Overall, the axon plays a crucial role in the communication and functioning of the nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Axons have
- A.
Axon collaterals and axon terminals (that release chemical communicators, "neurotransmitters".
- B.
Have other axon attachements
- C.
Only collateralls
Correct Answer
A. Axon collaterals and axon terminals (that release chemical communicators, "neurotransmitters".Explanation
Axons have axon collaterals and axon terminals. Axon collaterals are branches of the main axon that allow for communication with multiple target cells. Axon terminals, on the other hand, are the end points of the axon that release neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers that transmit signals to other neurons or target cells. Therefore, the correct answer is that axons have both axon collaterals and axon terminals.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Synapses is where?
- A.
They comminicate with the body
- B.
They communicate with each other
Correct Answer
B. They communicate with each otherExplanation
The synapses are the junctions between neurons where they communicate with each other. These small gaps allow for the transmission of electrical or chemical signals from one neuron to another, enabling communication and information processing within the nervous system. Through this communication, neurons can coordinate their activities and relay information throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The presypnatic side contains
- A.
Free flowing neurotransmitters
- B.
Sypnatic vesicles containing neurotransmitters
Correct Answer
B. Sypnatic vesicles containing neurotransmittersExplanation
The presynaptic side contains synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters. These vesicles are responsible for storing and releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, which is the small gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft. From there, the neurotransmitters can bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron and transmit the signal across the synapse.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The sypnatic cleft is
- A.
Between the membrane of two neurons: presypnatic side and post sypnatic side
- B.
Before the presypnatic side
- C.
After the postsypnatic side
Correct Answer
A. Between the membrane of two neurons: presypnatic side and post sypnatic sideExplanation
The synaptic cleft is the small gap or space between the membrane of two neurons, specifically the presynaptic side and the postsynaptic side. It is located before the presynaptic side and after the postsynaptic side, serving as the site where neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and received by the postsynaptic neuron. This allows for the transmission of signals between neurons in the nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Most common type of synapse is the?
- A.
Axondendritic synapse
- B.
Axosomatic synapse
Correct Answer
A. Axondendritic synapseExplanation
The most common type of synapse is the axondendritic synapse. In this type of synapse, the axon of one neuron makes a connection with the dendrites of another neuron. This type of synapse allows for the transmission of information from one neuron to another, as the electrical signals generated in the axon can be passed on to the dendrites. Axondendritic synapses are found throughout the nervous system and play a crucial role in neuronal communication and information processing.Rate this question:
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- 19.
How are signals are carried by the neuron?
- A.
Stimualtion of the neuron to depolarization to action potential (then treshold)
- B.
Repolarization then action potential.
Correct Answer
A. Stimualtion of the neuron to depolarization to action potential (then treshold)Explanation
Signals are carried by neurons through a process called depolarization. When a neuron is stimulated, it undergoes depolarization, which means that the electrical charge inside the neuron becomes more positive. This depolarization then leads to the generation of an action potential, which is a brief electrical impulse that travels along the neuron. The action potential reaches a threshold level, at which point it triggers the release of neurotransmitters, allowing the signal to be transmitted to other neurons or target cells. Repolarization then occurs, restoring the electrical charge inside the neuron to its original negative state.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The Presypnaptic neuorn conducts signals toward the ?
- A.
Cell body
- B.
Dendrites
- C.
Synapse
Correct Answer
C. SynapseExplanation
The presynaptic neuron conducts signals toward the synapse. The synapse is the junction between two neurons, where the signal is transmitted from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron. This is where communication between neurons occurs, as neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, allowing the signal to be transmitted.Rate this question:
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- 21.
THe Postsypnaptic conducts signals away from?
- A.
Cell body (soma)
- B.
Synapse
- C.
Dendrites
Correct Answer
B. SynapseExplanation
The correct answer is synapse. The postsynaptic membrane is located at the receiving end of a synapse, where it receives signals from the presynaptic neuron. It conducts these signals away from the synapse and towards the cell body (soma) of the neuron. The synapse is the junction between two neurons, where communication occurs through the release and reception of neurotransmitters.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What is Excitatroy synapse/
- A.
Inhibits response
- B.
Enhances response
Correct Answer
B. Enhances responseExplanation
An excitatory synapse is a type of synapse that enhances the response of the postsynaptic neuron. When an excitatory neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic neuron, it binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, causing an influx of positive ions into the cell. This depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane, making it more likely to generate an action potential and transmit the signal further. Therefore, an excitatory synapse enhances the response of the postsynaptic neuron by increasing its excitability and promoting the transmission of signals.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What is Inbithitory synapse?
- A.
Inhibits response
- B.
Enhances response
Correct Answer
A. Inhibits responseExplanation
An inhibitory synapse is a type of synapse in the nervous system that inhibits or decreases the likelihood of a response or action potential occurring in the postsynaptic neuron. This is achieved through the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, which hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane and make it less likely to reach the threshold for firing an action potential. Therefore, the correct answer is "Inhibits response."Rate this question:
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- 24.
Multipolar neuron is?
- A.
1 or more
- B.
2 or more
Correct Answer
B. 2 or moreExplanation
A multipolar neuron is a type of neuron that has multiple processes extending from its cell body, including one axon and two or more dendrites. These dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while the axon transmits signals to other neurons or effector cells. This type of neuron is the most common in the nervous system and is responsible for integrating and transmitting information between different parts of the body.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Bipolar neuron is?
- A.
2 rare and found in vision
- B.
4 rare and found in vision
- C.
3 rare and found in smell
- D.
4 rare and found in smell
Correct Answer
A. 2 rare and found in visionExplanation
Bipolar neurons are a type of nerve cells that have two processes extending from the cell body - one dendrite and one axon. These neurons are relatively rare and are primarily found in the sensory organs, particularly in the vision system. They play a crucial role in transmitting information from sensory receptors, such as the photoreceptor cells in the retina, to other neurons in the visual pathway.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Unipolar neuron is?
- A.
1 and fouund in sensory (skin)
- B.
1 and found in motor (skin)
Correct Answer
A. 1 and fouund in sensory (skin)Explanation
A unipolar neuron is a type of neuron that has only one projection, or process, extending from the cell body. This projection serves as both the axon and the dendrite, and it carries sensory information from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system. Therefore, it is found in sensory areas of the body, such as the skin, where it helps in detecting and transmitting sensory stimuli.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Interneruon is?
- A.
Bipolar
- B.
Unipolar
- C.
Multipolar
Correct Answer
C. MultipolarExplanation
The correct answer is multipolar because interneruon refers to a type of neuron that has multiple processes extending from its cell body, including one axon and multiple dendrites. This allows the interneruon to receive signals from multiple neurons and transmit signals to multiple neurons, making it multipolar in nature.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Neuroglia is half of the mass of the brain and outnumbers neurons 10 to 1
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because neuroglia, also known as glial cells, make up approximately half of the mass of the brain and outnumber neurons 10 to 1. Neuroglia are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection to neurons. They play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and function of the nervous system. While neurons are responsible for transmitting electrical signals, neuroglia help nourish and insulate neurons, remove waste products, and regulate the chemical environment of the brain.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The four neurglia cells in the CNS are (AMEO): Astrocyte (most abundant), Microglia, Ependymal cells, Oligodendrocytes (myeling sheaths in CNS)
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The given answer is true because it correctly identifies the four types of neuroglia cells found in the central nervous system (CNS). These cells are astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes. Astrocytes are the most abundant type of neuroglia cell and play a role in supporting and nourishing neurons. Microglia are responsible for immune defense in the CNS. Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid. Oligodendrocytes are responsible for producing myelin sheaths, which insulate and protect neuronal axons in the CNS.Rate this question:
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- 30.
THe neuroglia cells in the PNS are?
- A.
Satelite only
- B.
Schwann cells
- C.
BOth satellite and schwann cells (myelin sheaths in PNS)
- D.
Schwann cells (myelin sheaths in PNS)
Correct Answer
C. BOth satellite and schwann cells (myelin sheaths in PNS)Explanation
The correct answer is "Both satellite and Schwann cells (myelin sheaths in PNS)." Satellite cells are neuroglia cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that provide support and protection to the cell bodies of neurons. Schwann cells, on the other hand, are also neuroglia cells in the PNS that form myelin sheaths around axons, which helps in insulating and speeding up the conduction of nerve impulses. Therefore, both satellite and Schwann cells play important roles in the PNS, with Schwann cells specifically involved in the formation of myelin sheaths.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Nerves are?
- A.
One axon
- B.
Numerous axons wrapped in connective tissue
Correct Answer
B. Numerous axons wrapped in connective tissueExplanation
Nerves are made up of numerous axons that are wrapped in connective tissue. This connective tissue provides support and protection to the axons, allowing them to transmit electrical signals efficiently. The axons within a nerve can vary in size and function, but they are all bundled together within the connective tissue sheath. This organization allows for the coordination of sensory and motor signals throughout the body, enabling communication between different parts of the nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Endoneurium surrounds?
- A.
Axon
- B.
Nerve fasicle
- C.
Whole nerve
Correct Answer
A. AxonExplanation
The endoneurium is the connective tissue that surrounds individual axons within a nerve. It provides support and protection to the axons, helping to maintain their structural integrity. The endoneurium also contains blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to the axons. Therefore, the correct answer is axon.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The Perineurium surrounds?
- A.
A bunch of axons together-nerve fasicle
- B.
All fasicles
- C.
One axon
- D.
Whole nerve
Correct Answer
A. A bunch of axons together-nerve fasicleExplanation
The perineurium is a connective tissue layer that surrounds a bundle of axons known as a nerve fascicle. It provides structural support and protection to the axons within the fascicle, helping to maintain their organization and integrity. By surrounding the nerve fascicles, the perineurium helps to form the larger structure of the whole nerve.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The Epineurium surround the?
- A.
Axon
- B.
Whole nerve
- C.
Nerve fasicle
Correct Answer
B. Whole nerveExplanation
The epineurium is a layer of connective tissue that surrounds and protects the entire nerve. It provides structural support and helps to maintain the integrity of the nerve. The epineurium acts as a barrier against external forces and prevents damage to the nerve fibers within. Therefore, the correct answer is "whole nerve" as it accurately describes the structure that is surrounded by the epineurium.Rate this question:
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