Functions Of The Autonomic Nervous System

In the sympathetic division, the liver undergoes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, the synthesis of new glucose, and the release of glucose into the blood. This leads to an increase in blood glucose levels. Additionally, bile secretion is decreased in the sympathetic division. On the other hand, in the parasympathetic division, the liver promotes the synthesis of glycogen and increases bile secretion. These effects in the liver are regulated by the autonomic nervous system, with the sympathetic division promoting glucose release and decreasing bile secretion, while the parasympathetic division promotes glycogen synthesis and increases bile secretion.

In the sympathetic division, the effect of the urinary bladder is the relaxation of the muscular wall, which allows for the storage of urine, and the contraction of the internal sphincter, which helps in the prevention of urine leakage. On the other hand, in the parasympathetic division, the effect is the contraction of the muscular wall, which aids in the expulsion of urine, and the relaxation of the internal sphincter, which allows for the passage of urine from the bladder.

In the sympathetic division, the heart rate is increased along with increased atrial and ventricular contraction. This is because the sympathetic division is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, where the body prepares for action by increasing heart rate and cardiac output. On the other hand, in the parasympathetic division, the heart rate is decreased and the force of atrial contraction is also decreased. The parasympathetic division is responsible for the "rest and digest" response, where the body conserves energy and slows down bodily functions.

The salivary glands are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic stimulation generally leads to a decrease in salivary gland secretion, while parasympathetic stimulation increases it. Therefore, the correct answer is "decreases secretion; increases secretion in parasympathetic."

The correct answer is "storage of bile in gallbladder in sympathetic; release of bile into small intestine in parasympathetic." In the sympathetic division, the gallbladder stores bile, while in the parasympathetic division, bile is released into the small intestine.

The correct answer is "decreases production of urine in sympathetic; no effect in parasympathetic." The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which includes the release of stress hormones and increased heart rate. In this state, the body conserves water by decreasing urine production through the action of the kidneys. On the other hand, the parasympathetic division is responsible for the "rest and digest" response, which does not involve the release of stress hormones. Therefore, it does not affect urine production.

In the sympathetic division, the seat glands experience increased sweating due to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. On the other hand, in the parasympathetic division, there is no known effect on the seat glands, as this division is responsible for the "rest and digest" response. Therefore, the correct answer is "increased sweating; no effect."

In the sympathetic division, the radial muscle of the iris of the eye undergoes dilation, leading to an increase in the size of the pupil. This is due to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses. On the other hand, the parasympathetic division does not have any effect on the radial muscle of the iris, thus there is no change in the size of the pupil. The parasympathetic division is responsible for promoting rest and digestion.