Anterior Thigh Quiz - Anatomy

Explanation
The boundaries of the femoral triangle are the inguinal ligament, sartorius, and adductor longus.

Explanation
The structures in the femoral sheath are arranged from lateral to medial side as femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal.

Explanation
The adductor canal, also known as the subsartorial canal or Hunter's canal, is a narrow passageway located in the middle third of the thigh. It is primarily responsible for transmitting the femoral artery, femoral vein, and the saphenous nerve. Here’s the accurate anatomical description of its boundaries:

Explanation
The femoral sheath is a structure in the thigh that surrounds the femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral canal. It is formed by the fascia iliaca anteriorly and extends for about 4 cm in the thigh. It contains inguinal lymph nodes and has a medial compartment that contains connective tissue and a lymph node. Therefore, the correct answer is that it is not formed by the fascia iliaca anteriorly.

Explanation
Femoral hernia is a type of hernia that occurs in the groin area, specifically through the femoral canal. It is more common in females, which is why option a is correct. Option b is also correct as it correctly states that the hernia passes through the femoral canal. Option c is correct as it describes the path that the hernia takes, which is downwards, then forwards, then upwards, and finally laterally. Option d, however, is incorrect. The neck of the hernial sac actually lies lateral to the pubic tubercle, not medial to it.

Explanation
The femoral triangle is a triangular space in the groin region of the body. It is bounded medially by the adductor longus muscle, superiorly by the inguinal ligament, and laterally by the medial border of the sartorius muscle. The correct answer is "is bounded laterally by the adductor longus muscle" because the femoral triangle is actually bounded laterally by the medial border of the sartorius muscle, not the adductor longus muscle.

Explanation
The femoral triangle is an anatomical region in the upper thigh. It contains the femoral nerve and its branches, the femoral vein and its tributaries, and the deep inguinal lymph nodes. The obturator nerve and its branches are not found within the femoral triangle.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Below & lateral to the pubic tubercle." This is because the femoral canal is located below and lateral to the pubic tubercle, and the neck of the femoral hernial sac lies in this canal.

Explanation
The correct answer is d. The femoral artery occupies the medial compartment of the sheath. The femoral vein occupies the intermediate compartment. The femoral sheath surrounds the femoral vessels and lymphatics for about 4 cm below the inguinal ligament. Its anterior wall is formed from the fascia transversalis, and its posterior wall is a downwards protrusion of the fascia iliaca.

Explanation
The femoral canal contains the deep inguinal lymph nodes.

Explanation
The femoral canal has all the mentioned characteristics except for containing the femoral branch of genito femoral nerve.

Explanation
The anterior wall of the femoral sheath is formed by the fascia transversalis. The femoral sheath is a tubular structure located in the groin region that contains the femoral artery, femoral vein, and lymphatic vessels. The fascia transversalis is a layer of connective tissue that lines the abdominal cavity and helps to support and protect the organs. It forms the anterior wall of the femoral sheath, providing structural integrity and support to the vessels within it.

Explanation
The femoral sheath is a fascial structure in the groin region that encloses the femoral artery and vein. It also contains the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve, which provides sensory innervation to the upper thigh and genital region. Additionally, deep inguinal lymph nodes are located within the femoral sheath. The femoral nerve, however, does not pass through the femoral sheath. It exits the pelvis separately and innervates the muscles of the anterior thigh.

Explanation
The correct answer is Iliac. The fascia that forms the posterior wall of the Femoral sheath is the Iliac fascia. The Femoral sheath is a tubular structure in the groin region that contains the femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral canal. The Iliac fascia is a strong fibrous layer that covers the inner surface of the iliac bone. It helps to provide support and protection to the structures within the Femoral sheath.

Explanation
The Sartorius muscle is not one of the muscles forming the floor of the femoral triangle. The muscles that do form the floor of the femoral triangle include the Pectineus, Adductor longus, and Psoas major. The Sartorius muscle is a long, thin muscle that runs diagonally across the front of the thigh, but it does not contribute to the formation of the femoral triangle.

Explanation
The boundaries of the femoral ring include the inguinal ligament, lacunar ligament, and pectineus muscle. The iliofemoral ligament is not included in the boundaries of the femoral ring.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Downwards, backwards, and upwards." This means that when reducing a femoral hernia, the direction of movement should first be downwards, then backwards, and finally upwards. This sequence is important to ensure that the hernia is properly reduced without causing any further damage or complications.

Explanation
The correct answer is e) All of the above. The profunda femoris artery, superficial external pudendal artery, deep external pudendal artery, and superficial circumflex iliac artery are all branches of the femoral artery.

Explanation
The inguinal ligament is formed by the lower border of the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the abdomen. It does form a boundary between the anterior abdominal wall and the front of the thigh. Its medial part does form the lacunar ligament. However, it is not attached medially to the ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) and laterally to the pubic tubercle. Therefore, the correct answer is c.

Explanation
The correct answer is b- Adductor magnus. The femoral artery pierces through the adductor magnus muscle to become the popliteal artery. The adductor magnus is a large muscle located in the thigh, and it plays a role in hip adduction and extension.

Explanation
The femoral artery is not a continuation of the internal iliac artery. The femoral artery is a branch of the external iliac artery.

Explanation
The correct answer is d. The femoral canal is located medial to both the femoral artery and the femoral vein. This means that it is situated closer to the midline of the body, between the artery and the vein.

Explanation
The correct answer is b. The femoral artery enters the thigh posterior to the inguinal ligament at the midinguinal point. This is because the femoral artery passes through the femoral triangle, which is a triangular space bordered by the inguinal ligament superiorly, the sartorius muscle laterally, and the adductor longus muscle medially. The femoral artery is located deep to the inguinal ligament and enters the thigh posteriorly in this region.

Explanation
The femoral artery descends on the adductor longus, adductor magnus, and pectineus muscles. The correct answer is d because the femoral artery does not descend on the iliacus muscle.