Food And Nutrition 3rd Edition - Chapter 18 Testbank
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The Food and Nutrition testbanks consist of multiple choice questions that test your knowledge of the topics covered in the book. You can use these questions to check your understanding as you read through each chapter, or practise for your exam.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
__________ are sometimes referred to as the brush border. They increase the surface area of the intestine for absorption and carry transport proteins which are involved in the uptake of nutrients from the gut lumen to the interior of cells.
- A.
Enterocytes
- B.
Villi
- C.
Microvilli
- D.
Circular folds
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. MicrovilliExplanation
Microvilli are sometimes referred to as the brush border because they are tiny, finger-like projections on the surface of enterocytes, the cells lining the intestine. They greatly increase the surface area of the intestine, allowing for more efficient absorption of nutrients. Microvilli also carry transport proteins that are responsible for the uptake of nutrients from the gut lumen into the interior of enterocytes, where they can then be transported to the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The blood leaving the gut travels first to the:
- A.
Liver
- B.
Heart
- C.
Skeletal muscles
- D.
Brain
- E.
Adipose tissue
Correct Answer
A. LiverExplanation
After food is digested in the gut, the nutrients and toxins are absorbed into the bloodstream. The blood leaving the gut first travels to the liver through the hepatic portal vein. The liver plays a crucial role in processing and detoxifying these substances. It filters the blood, removes toxins, and metabolizes nutrients before sending the blood to the heart for further circulation throughout the body. Therefore, the liver is the correct answer as it is the first organ to receive blood from the gut.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The movement of sugars across a cell membrane from high concentration (gut lumen) to low concentrations (interior of cells) is an example of:
- A.
Osmosis
- B.
Diffusion
- C.
Pinocytosis
- D.
Active transport
- E.
Counter transport
Correct Answer
B. DiffusionExplanation
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. In this case, the movement of sugars across a cell membrane from the high concentration in the gut lumen to the low concentrations in the interior of cells is an example of diffusion.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The major function of enterocrinin, a proteolytic enzyme produced by the epithilium of the gut, is to:
- A.
Breakdown food protein
- B.
Actively absorb protein
- C.
Stimulate insulin production
- D.
Stimulate gluconeogenesis in the liver
- E.
Activate pancreatic enzymes
Correct Answer
E. Activate pancreatic enzymesExplanation
Enterocrinin is a proteolytic enzyme produced by the gut epithelium. Proteolytic enzymes are responsible for breaking down proteins. Therefore, it can be inferred that the major function of enterocrinin is to activate pancreatic enzymes, which are also involved in the breakdown of proteins.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Damage to the ileum will most likely result in malabsorption of:
- A.
Carbohydrate
- B.
Amino acids
- C.
Water
- D.
Fat
- E.
Alcohol
Correct Answer
D. FatExplanation
Damage to the ileum, which is a part of the small intestine, can lead to malabsorption of fat. The ileum is responsible for the absorption of various nutrients, including fat. If it is damaged, the body may not be able to properly absorb and digest dietary fats, leading to malabsorption. This can result in symptoms such as diarrhea, weight loss, and deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins. Therefore, damage to the ileum is most likely to affect the absorption of fat.Rate this question:
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- 6.
It is thought that very young infants are more likely to develop milk-protein and other allergic reactions when these substances are absorbed from foods/fluids that have been introduced too early.
- A.
Intact proteins
- B.
Amino acids
- C.
Starch
- D.
Artificial sweeteners
- E.
Preservatives
Correct Answer
A. Intact proteinsExplanation
Very young infants have an immature digestive system, making them more susceptible to developing allergic reactions to intact proteins found in foods or fluids. Intact proteins are larger molecules that can be difficult for the infant's body to break down and digest properly. When these proteins are introduced too early, the infant's immune system may react to them as foreign substances, leading to allergic reactions. Therefore, it is recommended to delay the introduction of intact proteins until the infant's digestive system is more developed.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Three major organs involved in providing digestive enzymes to the small intestine are:
- A.
Kidneys, liver, spleen
- B.
Salivary glands, appendix, adenoids
- C.
Gall bladder, spleen, kidneys
- D.
Pancreas, liver, gall bladder
- E.
Enterocytes, stomach, colon
Correct Answer
D. Pancreas, liver, gall bladderExplanation
The pancreas, liver, and gall bladder are all involved in providing digestive enzymes to the small intestine. The pancreas produces enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and protease that help break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins respectively. The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gall bladder, and helps in the digestion and absorption of fats. When food reaches the small intestine, the gall bladder releases bile into the intestine, and the pancreas releases its enzymes, both of which aid in the digestion process. Therefore, the correct answer is pancreas, liver, and gall bladder.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Most nutrients are absorbed in the:
- A.
Mouth
- B.
Stomach
- C.
Small intestine
- D.
Large intestine
- E.
Pancreas
Correct Answer
C. Small intestineExplanation
The small intestine is responsible for the absorption of most nutrients. It is the longest part of the digestive system and has a large surface area due to its numerous folds and finger-like projections called villi. These villi increase the absorption capacity of the small intestine. As food passes through the small intestine, nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals are broken down and absorbed into the bloodstream. The absorbed nutrients are then transported to the cells of the body to provide energy and support various physiological functions.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The regular contractions and movement of contents along the intestine is called:
- A.
Pinocytosis
- B.
Active transport
- C.
Osmosis
- D.
Diffusion
- E.
Peristalsis
Correct Answer
E. PeristalsisExplanation
Peristalsis refers to the regular contractions and movement of contents along the intestine. It is a coordinated muscular movement that helps propel food and waste through the digestive system. This process allows for the efficient absorption of nutrients and elimination of waste. Pinocytosis, active transport, osmosis, and diffusion are all different processes that occur in cells and are not specifically related to the movement of contents along the intestine.Rate this question:
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- 10.
One of the main functions of the colon is thought to be:
- A.
Secretion of water and electrolytes
- B.
Synthesis and absorption of vitamins A, C and E
- C.
Regulation of passage of food residue with highly processed foods increasing transit time through the gut
- D.
Production of short chain fatty acids and flatus from fermentation of dietary fibre by anaerobic bacteria
- E.
Absorption of remaining protein, fat and carbohydrate following passage through the small intestine
Correct Answer
D. Production of short chain fatty acids and flatus from fermentation of dietary fibre by anaerobic bacteriaExplanation
The colon is responsible for the production of short chain fatty acids and flatus through the process of fermentation. Fermentation of dietary fiber by anaerobic bacteria in the colon results in the production of short chain fatty acids, which are important for energy production and the maintenance of a healthy gut environment. Flatus, or gas, is also produced as a byproduct of this fermentation process. This function of the colon is essential for the overall digestive process and the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal system.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following statements regarding saliva is correct?
- A.
Approximately 3 litres are produced each day
- B.
Contains salivary protease which hydrolyses specific protein bonds
- C.
Contains non essential salivary amylase
- D.
Contributes to dental caries development
- E.
Is produced from tonsils at the back of the throat
Correct Answer
C. Contains non essential salivary amylaseExplanation
Saliva is a fluid produced by the salivary glands in the mouth. It helps in the digestion process by breaking down food particles and lubricating the mouth and throat. Saliva contains various enzymes, including salivary amylase, which is responsible for breaking down starches into simpler sugars. However, salivary amylase is not considered essential for digestion as the majority of starch digestion occurs in the small intestine. Therefore, the statement that "saliva contains non-essential salivary amylase" is correct.Rate this question:
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- 12.
One of the main functions of the stomach is:
- A.
The secretion of enzymes to digest carbohydrate
- B.
The production of an acidic liquid chyme by mixing food and digestive secretions
- C.
The provision of a storage space of up to a volume of 500ml for an average adult
- D.
The initial mixing of bile with fat to facilitate its digestion and absorption
- E.
The absorption of excess water
Correct Answer
B. The production of an acidic liquid chyme by mixing food and digestive secretionsExplanation
The stomach produces an acidic liquid called chyme by mixing food and digestive secretions. This acidic environment helps to break down the food further and aid in digestion. The stomach's muscular contractions also help to mix the food and digestive secretions together, creating the chyme. This chyme is then passed on to the small intestine for further digestion and absorption of nutrients.Rate this question:
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