Food And Nutrition 3rd Edition - Chapter 18 Testbank | Attempts: 74

2.

Three major organs involved in providing digestive enzymes to the small intestine are:

Kidneys, liver, spleen
Salivary glands, appendix, adenoids
Gall bladder, spleen, kidneys
Pancreas, liver, gall bladder
Enterocytes, stomach, colon

Correct Answer

A. Pancreas, liver, gall bladder

Explanation

The pancreas, liver, and gall bladder are all involved in providing digestive enzymes to the small intestine. The pancreas produces enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and protease that help break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins respectively. The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gall bladder, and helps in the digestion and absorption of fats. When food reaches the small intestine, the gall bladder releases bile into the intestine, and the pancreas releases its enzymes, both of which aid in the digestion process. Therefore, the correct answer is pancreas, liver, and gall bladder.

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3.

The regular contractions and movement of contents along the intestine is called:

Pinocytosis
Active transport
Osmosis
Diffusion
Peristalsis

Correct Answer

A. Peristalsis

Explanation

Peristalsis refers to the regular contractions and movement of contents along the intestine. It is a coordinated muscular movement that helps propel food and waste through the digestive system. This process allows for the efficient absorption of nutrients and elimination of waste. Pinocytosis, active transport, osmosis, and diffusion are all different processes that occur in cells and are not specifically related to the movement of contents along the intestine.

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4.

It is thought that very young infants are more likely to develop milk-protein and other allergic reactions when these substances are absorbed from foods/fluids that have been introduced too early.

Intact proteins
Amino acids
Starch
Artificial sweeteners
Preservatives

Correct Answer

A. Intact proteins

Explanation

Very young infants have an immature digestive system, making them more susceptible to developing allergic reactions to intact proteins found in foods or fluids. Intact proteins are larger molecules that can be difficult for the infant's body to break down and digest properly. When these proteins are introduced too early, the infant's immune system may react to them as foreign substances, leading to allergic reactions. Therefore, it is recommended to delay the introduction of intact proteins until the infant's digestive system is more developed.

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5.

The movement of sugars across a cell membrane from high concentration (gut lumen) to low concentrations (interior of cells) is an example of:

Osmosis
Diffusion
Pinocytosis
Active transport
Counter transport

Correct Answer

A. Diffusion

Explanation

Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. In this case, the movement of sugars across a cell membrane from the high concentration in the gut lumen to the low concentrations in the interior of cells is an example of diffusion.

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6.

__________ are sometimes referred to as the brush border. They increase the surface area of the intestine for absorption and carry transport proteins which are involved in the uptake of nutrients from the gut lumen to the interior of cells.

Enterocytes
Villi
Microvilli
Circular folds
None of the above

Correct Answer

A. Microvilli

Explanation

Microvilli are sometimes referred to as the brush border because they are tiny, finger-like projections on the surface of enterocytes, the cells lining the intestine. They greatly increase the surface area of the intestine, allowing for more efficient absorption of nutrients. Microvilli also carry transport proteins that are responsible for the uptake of nutrients from the gut lumen into the interior of enterocytes, where they can then be transported to the bloodstream.

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7.

One of the main functions of the stomach is:

The secretion of enzymes to digest carbohydrate
The production of an acidic liquid chyme by mixing food and digestive secretions
The provision of a storage space of up to a volume of 500ml for an average adult
The initial mixing of bile with fat to facilitate its digestion and absorption
The absorption of excess water

Correct Answer

A. The production of an acidic liquid chyme by mixing food and digestive secretions

Explanation

The stomach produces an acidic liquid called chyme by mixing food and digestive secretions. This acidic environment helps to break down the food further and aid in digestion. The stomach's muscular contractions also help to mix the food and digestive secretions together, creating the chyme. This chyme is then passed on to the small intestine for further digestion and absorption of nutrients.

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8.

The blood leaving the gut travels first to the:

Liver
Heart
Skeletal muscles
Brain
Adipose tissue

Correct Answer

A. Liver

Explanation

After food is digested in the gut, the nutrients and toxins are absorbed into the bloodstream. The blood leaving the gut first travels to the liver through the hepatic portal vein. The liver plays a crucial role in processing and detoxifying these substances. It filters the blood, removes toxins, and metabolizes nutrients before sending the blood to the heart for further circulation throughout the body. Therefore, the liver is the correct answer as it is the first organ to receive blood from the gut.

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9.

Which of the following statements regarding saliva is correct?

Approximately 3 litres are produced each day
Contains salivary protease which hydrolyses specific protein bonds
Contains non essential salivary amylase
Contributes to dental caries development
Is produced from tonsils at the back of the throat

Correct Answer

A. Contains non essential salivary amylase

Explanation

Saliva is a fluid produced by the salivary glands in the mouth. It helps in the digestion process by breaking down food particles and lubricating the mouth and throat. Saliva contains various enzymes, including salivary amylase, which is responsible for breaking down starches into simpler sugars. However, salivary amylase is not considered essential for digestion as the majority of starch digestion occurs in the small intestine. Therefore, the statement that "saliva contains non-essential salivary amylase" is correct.

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10.

One of the main functions of the colon is thought to be:

Secretion of water and electrolytes
Synthesis and absorption of vitamins A, C and E
Regulation of passage of food residue with highly processed foods increasing transit time through the gut
Production of short chain fatty acids and flatus from fermentation of dietary fibre by anaerobic bacteria
Absorption of remaining protein, fat and carbohydrate following passage through the small intestine

Correct Answer

A. Production of short chain fatty acids and flatus from fermentation of dietary fibre by anaerobic bacteria

Explanation

The colon is responsible for the production of short chain fatty acids and flatus through the process of fermentation. Fermentation of dietary fiber by anaerobic bacteria in the colon results in the production of short chain fatty acids, which are important for energy production and the maintenance of a healthy gut environment. Flatus, or gas, is also produced as a byproduct of this fermentation process. This function of the colon is essential for the overall digestive process and the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal system.

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11.

Damage to the ileum will most likely result in malabsorption of:

Carbohydrate
Amino acids
Water
Fat
Alcohol

Correct Answer

A. Fat

Explanation

Damage to the ileum, which is a part of the small intestine, can lead to malabsorption of fat. The ileum is responsible for the absorption of various nutrients, including fat. If it is damaged, the body may not be able to properly absorb and digest dietary fats, leading to malabsorption. This can result in symptoms such as diarrhea, weight loss, and deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins. Therefore, damage to the ileum is most likely to affect the absorption of fat.

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12.

The major function of enterocrinin, a proteolytic enzyme produced by the epithilium of the gut, is to:

Breakdown food protein
Actively absorb protein
Stimulate insulin production
Stimulate gluconeogenesis in the liver
Activate pancreatic enzymes

Correct Answer

A. Activate pancreatic enzymes

Explanation

Enterocrinin is a proteolytic enzyme produced by the gut epithelium. Proteolytic enzymes are responsible for breaking down proteins. Therefore, it can be inferred that the major function of enterocrinin is to activate pancreatic enzymes, which are also involved in the breakdown of proteins.

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Food And Nutrition 3rd Edition - Chapter 18 Testbank

Most nutrients are absorbed in the:

Quiz Preview

Three major organs involved in providing digestive enzymes to the small intestine are:

The regular contractions and movement of contents along the intestine is called:

It is thought that very young infants are more likely to develop milk-protein and other allergic reactions when these substances are absorbed from foods/fluids that have been introduced too early.

The movement of sugars across a cell membrane from high concentration (gut lumen) to low concentrations (interior of cells) is an example of:

__________ are sometimes referred to as the brush border. They increase the surface area of the intestine for absorption and carry transport proteins which are involved in the uptake of nutrients from the gut lumen to the interior of cells.

One of the main functions of the stomach is:

The blood leaving the gut travels first to the:

Which of the following statements regarding saliva is correct?

One of the main functions of the colon is thought to be:

Damage to the ileum will most likely result in malabsorption of:

The major function of enterocrinin, a proteolytic enzyme produced by the epithilium of the gut, is to: