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Aspirin is contraindicated in patients with asthma because it can trigger an allergic reaction known as aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). This condition causes symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and nasal congestion in individuals with asthma who are sensitive to aspirin. It is important to avoid aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in these patients to prevent worsening of their asthma symptoms. Cromolyn, Zafirlukast, and Theophylline are not contraindicated in patients with asthma and can be used as part of their treatment plan.

Aluminium hydroxide can produce constipation. It is an antacid that works by neutralizing stomach acid. However, it can also slow down bowel movements, leading to constipation. This is because aluminium hydroxide is not absorbed by the body and remains in the digestive tract, where it can cause a decrease in bowel motility. Therefore, it is commonly used to treat symptoms of heartburn and stomach upset, but its constipating effect should be considered when using it as a medication.

Sodium bicarbonate is used to treat hyperphosphatemia in patients with kidney failure. Hyperphosphatemia occurs when there is an excessive amount of phosphate in the blood, which can be a result of impaired kidney function. Sodium bicarbonate works by binding to phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract, preventing its absorption into the bloodstream. This helps to lower phosphate levels in the blood and manage the symptoms associated with hyperphosphatemia. Carafate is used to treat ulcers, Prolisec is used to treat acid reflux, and Lomotil is used to treat diarrhea, none of which are indicated for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis, also known as oral thrush, is a fungal infection that can occur as a side effect of certain medications. Beclemethasone is a corticosteroid medication that is commonly used to treat inflammation and allergic reactions. It can suppress the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to fungal infections such as candidiasis. Salbutamol, cyclizine, and ondansetron are not typically associated with causing oral thrush.

Loperamide is not an anti-emetic agent. It is actually an anti-diarrheal medication used to treat diarrhea by slowing down the movement of the intestines. While Cyclizine, Nabilone, and Ondansetron are all anti-emetic agents used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting, Loperamide serves a different purpose.

Misoprostol is most likely used in treating peptic ulcers caused by NSAIDs because it is a prostaglandin analogue that helps protect the stomach lining by reducing acid secretion and increasing mucus production. This helps to prevent further damage to the stomach lining caused by NSAIDs, which are known to increase the risk of peptic ulcers. Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces acid production, Metoclopramide is a medication that helps with gastric motility, and Sucralfate is a medication that forms a protective barrier over the ulcer. While these medications may also be used in treating peptic ulcers, Misoprostol specifically targets the ulcers caused by NSAIDs.

Loperamide is not used in the treatment of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). Loperamide is an antidiarrheal medication that works by slowing down the movement of the intestines. GERD, on the other hand, is a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn and acid reflux. Sodium bicarbonate, omeprazole, and Prolisec are commonly used to treat GERD by reducing stomach acid production or neutralizing the acid. Therefore, loperamide does not belong to the list of medications used in the treatment of GERD.

Misoprostol is not the same as Prilosec.

Ipratropium bromide is used to treat COPD. It is an anticholinergic bronchodilator that helps to relax and open the airways, making it easier to breathe. It is commonly prescribed for the management of symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing associated with COPD. Albuterol is also used to treat COPD, but it is not the correct answer in this case. Zileuton and prednisolone are not typically used for the treatment of COPD.

Cromolyn sodium and nedocromil are both mast cell stabilizers used to prevent the release of inflammatory substances that cause asthma symptoms. They are not typically used to reduce symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis, which is an inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva of the eye. These medications are primarily indicated for asthma management and are not commonly used for eye conditions.

Nabilone is not an anti-asthmatic agent. It is a synthetic cannabinoid used as an antiemetic and for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients. While the other options listed (Zileuton, Anti IgE, Cromolyn sodium) are all anti-asthmatic agents commonly used in the management of asthma symptoms, Nabilone does not have any direct effect on asthma and is not indicated for its treatment.

Kaolin cannot be given to a person experiencing difficulty in defecation. Kaolin is a type of clay that is commonly used as an antidiarrheal medication. It works by absorbing excess water in the intestines, which can help to solidify stools and reduce diarrhea. However, in a person with difficulty in defecation, the goal is to soften the stools and promote bowel movements. Therefore, kaolin would not be an appropriate choice in this situation.

All of the options listed (Albuterol, Formoterol, Terbutaline, Salmeterol) are used as first-line drugs in treating asthma. These medications belong to a class of drugs called bronchodilators, which work by relaxing the muscles in the airways, making it easier to breathe. They are commonly prescribed to relieve symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing in individuals with asthma. Using these medications as the initial treatment helps to improve lung function and control asthma symptoms effectively.

Lactulose is used to prevent enkelopathy. Enkelopathy refers to the accumulation of toxic substances in the body due to liver dysfunction. Lactulose is a medication that works by reducing the production of ammonia in the intestines, which helps in preventing the buildup of toxins. It is commonly prescribed for patients with liver disease or hepatic encephalopathy to manage their symptoms and improve their overall liver function. Sterculla, Beclemethasone, and Ondansetron are not used for the prevention of enkelopathy.

All of the given options, including Atropine, Salbutamol, Theophylline, and Ipratropium bromide, primarily act as bronchodilators. These substances work by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, which helps to widen the bronchial tubes and improve airflow to the lungs. This can be beneficial in conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where bronchoconstriction and narrowed airways are common. Therefore, all of the options provided are correct in terms of their bronchodilator effects.

Corticosteroids are known to have various side effects, including cataract formation, adrenal suppression, and osteoporosis. However, tachycardia, which refers to an abnormally fast heart rate, is not typically associated with corticosteroid use. Therefore, the correct answer is tachycardia.

This question is asking for the exception among the given options, which are Lomotil, Pectin, Codeine, and Imodium. The statement "All are true" implies that none of the options listed are anti-diarrheal agents. Therefore, the correct answer is "All are true."

Prednisone is not a short-term reliever for asthmatic patients. It is a corticosteroid medication that is commonly used as a long-term controller medication for asthma. It works by reducing inflammation in the airways and preventing asthma symptoms from occurring. Short-term relievers, on the other hand, are medications that provide immediate relief during an asthma attack, such as bronchodilators like Formoterol and Atropine. Theobromine is not commonly used for asthma treatment. Therefore, the correct answer is Prednisone.

Theobromine is the correct answer because it is known to have an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion. Atropine is an anticholinergic agent that primarily affects smooth muscle and does not directly impact gastric acid secretion. Prednisolone is a corticosteroid that is mainly used for its anti-inflammatory properties and does not have a direct effect on gastric acid secretion. Zafirlukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that is primarily used for the treatment of asthma and does not directly affect gastric acid secretion. Therefore, the only anti-asthmatic agent listed that produces its effect on gastric acid secretion is Theobromine.