Musculoskeletal Final Exam Practice Quiz

The correct answer is "Supinator" because it is the chief forearm supinator. The supinator muscle is responsible for rotating the forearm into a supine position, which means turning the palm of the hand upward or facing forward. It is located in the upper forearm and works in conjunction with other muscles to perform this action.

The correct answer is Cervical 7, Thoracic 12, Lumbar 5. This answer accurately identifies the number of vertebrae in each section of the spine. The cervical section consists of 7 vertebrae, the thoracic section consists of 12 vertebrae, and the lumbar section consists of 5 vertebrae.

The gluteal nerve supplies the hip and buttocks area. This nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles in this region, including the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. It also provides sensory innervation to the skin overlying the buttocks and the back of the thigh.

The axial skeleton includes the bones of the skull, spine, and ribs, which are located in the trunk of the body. On the other hand, the appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs (arms and legs) and their girdles (shoulder and pelvic). This means that the axial skeleton is responsible for providing support and protection to the vital organs in the trunk, while the appendicular skeleton is involved in movement and locomotion.

The muscle that closes the eye is the Orbicularis Oculi. This muscle is responsible for closing the eyelids and protecting the eye from external stimuli such as dust or bright light. It is a circular muscle that surrounds the eye and allows for blinking and squinting. The Levator Palpebrae muscle is responsible for opening the eyelid, while the Superior Oblique muscle is involved in eye movement but not specifically in closing the eye.

The subscapular nerve supplies the subscapular fossa area. This area is located on the anterior surface of the scapula and is responsible for the movement and stability of the shoulder joint. The subscapular nerve innervates the subscapularis muscle, which is one of the muscles that make up the rotator cuff. This muscle aids in internal rotation of the shoulder joint and helps to stabilize the shoulder during movement. Therefore, the correct answer is the subscapular fossa area.

The femoral nerve supplies the anterior thigh. This nerve originates from the lumbar spine and travels down the leg, providing motor and sensory innervation to the muscles and skin of the anterior thigh. It is responsible for controlling movements such as hip flexion and knee extension.

The sciatic nerve pierces through the piriformis muscle. The piriformis muscle is located deep in the buttock region, and the sciatic nerve passes through it as it travels down the leg. This muscle plays a crucial role in hip rotation and stability. If the piriformis muscle becomes tight or inflamed, it can compress the sciatic nerve, leading to sciatica symptoms such as pain, numbness, and tingling in the buttock and leg.

The deltoid is the chief arm abductor. It is a large, triangular muscle located on the shoulder and is responsible for lifting the arm away from the body. The triceps brachii is a muscle located on the back of the upper arm and is responsible for extending the arm. The latissimus dorsi is a large muscle located in the back and is responsible for adducting, extending, and internally rotating the arm.

The correct answer is "anterior hand, flexors" because the ulnar nerve supplies the muscles in the anterior hand and the flexor muscles in the forearm. It also supplies the ulna area and the fifth phalanx.

The tibialis anterior is the chief foot dorsiflexor. Dorsiflexion is the movement of lifting the foot upwards towards the shin. The tibialis anterior muscle is located on the front of the lower leg and is responsible for this movement. It helps to control the lowering of the foot during walking and running, and also plays a role in maintaining balance and stability.

The masseter is the chief mover of jaw closure. It is a powerful muscle located on the side of the face and is responsible for elevating the mandible (lower jaw) during the process of closing the mouth. The masseter muscle is one of the strongest muscles in the human body and plays a crucial role in chewing and biting.

The gluteus maximus is the chief extensor of the thigh. It is the largest muscle in the gluteal region and is responsible for extending the thigh at the hip joint. It is involved in movements such as walking, running, and climbing stairs. The gluteus medius and gluteus minimus are also muscles in the gluteal region, but they have different functions and are not the primary extensors of the thigh.

The triceps brachii is the chief forearm extensor. It is a three-headed muscle located at the back of the upper arm. When it contracts, it extends the forearm at the elbow joint, allowing for movements like straightening the arm or pushing objects away. The other options, brachialis and biceps brachii, are muscles that are involved in flexion of the forearm, not extension.

The diaphragm is the chief mover of inspiration because it is the primary muscle responsible for the process of inhalation. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, causing the volume of the thoracic cavity to increase and creating a negative pressure that allows air to enter the lungs. The external and internal intercostal muscles also play a role in inspiration by helping to elevate and expand the ribcage, but the diaphragm is the main muscle responsible for initiating the inhalation process.

The axillary nerve supplies the armpit area. This nerve is a branch of the brachial plexus and innervates the muscles and skin in the armpit region. It provides sensory innervation to the skin of the armpit and motor innervation to the deltoid muscle, which is responsible for shoulder abduction, and the teres minor muscle, which assists in external rotation of the shoulder joint. Therefore, the axillary nerve plays a crucial role in the functioning of the armpit area.

The obturator nerve supplies the ischiopubic area. This area includes the muscles of the inner thigh, including the adductor muscles of the hip joint. The obturator nerve innervates these muscles, allowing for their proper function and control.

Pes Anserinus is a muscle group that is formed by the combination of semitendinosus, sartorius, and gracilis muscles. These three muscles come together at the medial aspect of the knee, forming a common tendon called the pes anserinus. This tendon attaches to the tibia bone and plays a role in flexing and rotating the knee joint.

The erector spinae muscles are responsible for the movement of back extension. These muscles are located on either side of the spine and help to maintain proper posture, stabilize the spine, and assist in bending backward. When these muscles contract, they extend the spine, allowing for movements such as standing upright or arching the back. Therefore, the erector spinae muscles are the chief movers of back extension.

The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus. This is the correct answer because the greater tubercle is a prominent bony projection on the lateral side of the humerus, specifically on the proximal end. These muscles, which are part of the rotator cuff, play a crucial role in the movement and stability of the shoulder joint. By inserting on the greater tubercle, they are able to exert force and control the movement of the humerus during shoulder abduction and external rotation.

The sciatic nerve supplies the posterior thigh. This means that it is responsible for providing motor and sensory innervation to the muscles and skin on the back of the thigh. It is the largest nerve in the body and originates in the lower back, running down the back of the leg. It plays a crucial role in controlling movement and sensation in the posterior thigh region.

The accessory nerve supplies the neck area. This nerve, also known as the eleventh cranial nerve, controls the movement of certain muscles in the neck and shoulders. It innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which are responsible for movements such as rotating and tilting the head, as well as shrugging the shoulders. Therefore, the correct answer is "Neck Area."

The correct answer is Serratus Anterior. The serratus anterior muscle is responsible for protracting and holding the scapula (shoulder blade) against the chest wall. This muscle is located on the side of the chest and attaches to the scapula, allowing it to move and stabilize during various arm movements. The subscapularis and suprascapularis muscles are not primarily involved in protracting and holding the scapula against the chest wall.

The correct answer is ORIGINATE - Coracobrachialis, Biceps Brachii; INSERT: Pectoralis Minor. The coracobrachialis and biceps brachii muscles both originate from the coracoid process of the scapula. The pectoralis minor muscle inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula.

The subscapularis muscle is responsible for medially rotating the arm at the shoulder joint. It is one of the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles are involved in the movement of the shoulder joint, but they are primarily responsible for other actions such as abduction and lateral rotation of the arm. Therefore, the subscapularis is the correct answer as the chief medial arm rotator.

The correct answer is Iliopsoas. The iliopsoas is a group of muscles that includes the iliacus and the psoas major. Together, these muscles are responsible for flexing the thigh or flexing the trunk on the thigh. The iliacus muscle is located in the pelvic region, while the psoas major muscle runs from the lumbar spine to the thigh bone. Both muscles work together to perform these movements.

The infraspinatus muscle originates from the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and its action is to laterally rotate the arm.

The correct answer is "Bracialis, Brachioradialis, Biceps Brachii." These three muscles work together to flex the elbow joint. The Brachialis muscle is the primary flexor of the elbow, while the Brachioradialis and Biceps Brachii muscles assist in this movement. The Brachioradialis muscle is responsible for flexing the forearm at the elbow when the forearm is in a mid-prone position, and the Biceps Brachii muscle helps to flex the elbow and supinate the forearm.

The correct answer is Pronator Quadratus. The pronator quadratus is a muscle in the forearm that plays a major role in pronating the forearm, which means rotating the palm of the hand downwards. It is located deep within the forearm and is responsible for controlling the movement of the radius bone during pronation. The other options, Quadratus Lumborum and Pronator Longus, are muscles in different parts of the body and do not have a direct role in forearm pronation.

The correct answer is Medial (1st) cuneiform, Navicular, Talus (?), Calcaneus. The medial (1st) cuneiform bone, navicular bone, talus bone, and calcaneus bone can all be palpated on the medial side of the foot.

The correct answer includes all the different parts of the humerus bone. The greater tubercle and lesser tubercle are two bony projections on the proximal end of the humerus. The head of the humerus is the rounded part that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. The surgical neck and anatomical neck are two narrow regions of the bone. The intertubercular sulcus is a groove between the greater and lesser tubercles. The deltoid tuberosity is a roughened area where the deltoid muscle attaches. The trochlea and capitulum are two condyles that articulate with the bones of the forearm. The radial/coronoid fossa is a depression on the anterior side of the bone. Finally, the lateral/medial epicondyle and supracondylar ridge are bony projections on the distal end of the humerus.

The supraspinatus muscle originates from the supraspinous fossa of the scapula and its action is to abduct the arm.

The muscle that originates from the anterior superior iliac spine is the Sartorius muscle. The other two muscles listed, Gluteus Maximus and Iliocostalis, do not originate from this specific point.

The correct answer is Latissimus Dorsi. The latissimus dorsi is a large muscle located on the back that extends the arm at the shoulder joint. It is responsible for movements such as pulling the arm down and backward, as well as rotating the arm inward. This muscle is commonly targeted in exercises like pull-ups and rows to strengthen and develop the back muscles.

The correct answer is O) Subscapular fossa of (anterior) scapula; (A) Medially rotates arm. The subscapularis muscle originates from the subscapular fossa of the anterior scapula and its action is to medially rotate the arm. This muscle plays an important role in stabilizing the shoulder joint and is part of the SITS (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis) rotator cuff muscles. Medial rotation of the arm is an important movement for various activities such as throwing, reaching, and lifting.

The correct answer is Gracilis, Pectineus, Adductor Magnus/Longus/Brevis. These muscles are all adductors of the thigh, meaning they help bring the thigh towards the midline of the body. The Gracilis muscle is located on the inner thigh and is responsible for adduction as well as flexion and medial rotation of the hip. The Pectineus muscle is also located on the inner thigh and assists in adduction and flexion of the hip. The Adductor Magnus, Longus, and Brevis muscles are all located on the inner thigh and are the primary adductors of the hip joint.

The correct answer is Biceps Femoris (lateral rotation of leg), Semitendinosus (medial rotation of leg), Semimembranosus (medial rotation of leg); EACH HAMSTRING MUSCLE SHARES THE ACTION OF KNEE FLEXION AND EXTENSION OF THIGH. The three hamstring muscles are responsible for flexing the knee joint and extending the thigh. Additionally, the Biceps Femoris muscle also performs lateral rotation of the leg, while the Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus muscles contribute to medial rotation of the leg.

The musculocutaneous nerve supplies the anterior forearm muscles, which are responsible for flexing the forearm at the elbow joint. This nerve innervates muscles such as the biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis, allowing for flexion and supination of the forearm.

The radial nerve supplies the extensor muscles in the posterior hand and forearm. This means that it innervates the muscles responsible for extending the wrist, fingers, and thumb. It also supplies the muscles that extend the forearm.

The correct answer is gastrocnemius, soleus, peroneus longus/brevis, plantaris, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus. These muscles are responsible for plantarflexion of the foot, which is the movement of pointing the toes downward. The gastrocnemius and soleus are the two main calf muscles, while the peroneus longus/brevis, plantaris, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus are all located in the lower leg and foot and contribute to the movement of plantarflexion.

The subscapularis muscle is one of the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff in the shoulder. It originates from the subscapular fossa of the scapula and inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus. This muscle is responsible for internal rotation of the shoulder joint and stabilization of the humeral head within the glenoid fossa. Therefore, the correct answer is "Lesser Trochanter of Humerus", as this is where the subscapularis muscle inserts.

The correct answer is "Olecranon Process, Styloid Process, CoroNOID process." The ulna is one of the two bones in the forearm. The olecranon process is a bony projection at the top of the ulna that forms the point of the elbow. The styloid process is a bony projection at the bottom of the ulna that helps stabilize the wrist joint. The coronoid process is a bony projection on the front of the ulna that forms part of the hinge joint of the elbow.

The teres minor muscle originates from the lateral border of the scapula and its action is to laterally rotate the arm and adduct it.

The correct answer is External Abdominal Oblique, Internal Abdominal Oblique, Psoas Major/Minor, Quadratus Lumborum. These muscles are responsible for flexion of the abdomen. The external and internal abdominal oblique muscles help to flex and rotate the trunk, while the psoas major/minor and quadratus lumborum muscles assist in flexion and stabilization of the lumbar spine. Together, these muscles play a crucial role in movements such as bending forward or bringing the chest towards the thighs.

The muscles of mastication are responsible for the movement of the mandible during chewing. The correct answer states that the Masseter and Temporalis muscles elevate the mandible, while the Medial Pterygoid muscle also elevates it. On the other hand, the Lateral Pterygoid muscle depresses the mandible. This explanation accurately describes the functions of each muscle in relation to the movement of the mandible.

The extensor digitorum longus is a muscle located in the leg that extends the toes and dorsiflexes the foot. It is responsible for extending the second to fifth toes and is involved in movements such as walking and running. The extensor digitorum and extensor digitorum brevis are also muscles involved in toe extension, but the extensor digitorum longus is the longest and most prominent of the three. Therefore, it is the correct answer for the given question.

The correct answer is Tibalis Anterior, Tibalis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus. These muscles pass by and go through the medial malleolus, which is the bony prominence on the inner side of the ankle. The Tibalis Anterior muscle is located on the front of the leg and helps with dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot. The Tibalis Posterior muscle is located on the back of the leg and helps with plantarflexion and inversion of the foot. The Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle is also located on the back of the leg and helps with flexion of the toes.

The peroneal/fibular nerve supplies the anterior lower leg. This nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve and innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg, including the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius. It also provides sensation to the skin on the anterior and lateral aspects of the lower leg and the dorsum of the foot.

The correct answer is Bracialis (also Biceps Brachii). The brachialis muscle is located in the upper arm and is responsible for flexing the forearm. It lies underneath the biceps brachii muscle, which also contributes to forearm flexion. Therefore, both the brachialis and biceps brachii muscles can be considered chief forearm flexors. The triceps brachii muscle, on the other hand, is responsible for extending the forearm and is not involved in forearm flexion.

The tibial nerve supplies the posterior lower leg. This nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve and innervates the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg, including the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus). It also provides sensory innervation to the skin on the back of the lower leg and the sole of the foot.