Neurological Anatomy and Function Quiz

The correct divisions of the vertebrate nervous system are the Central Nervous System (CNS) which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) which includes all the nerves outside the CNS. The incorrect options provided do not accurately represent the divisions of the vertebrate nervous system.

The Nervous System is principally divided into the Central Nervous System (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), which comprises all the nerves outside the CNS. The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and Somatic Nervous System (SNS) are two major components of the Peripheral Nervous System, responsible for involuntary and voluntary functions, respectively. The Cardiovascular Nervous System (CVNS) is not a recognized division of the Nervous System.

The correct answers for the division of the Central Nervous System (CNS) are the Brain located in the skull and Spinal Cord located in the spine. The incorrect answers do not represent parts of the CNS but rather other vital organs within the body.

The PNS consists of the Somatic Nervous System (SNS) responsible for voluntary movements and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) controlling involuntary functions.

The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and Somatic Nervous System (SNS) are classified based on the type of signals they carry. The Afferent nerves carry sensory signals towards the central nervous system, while Efferent nerves carry motor signals away from the central nervous system.

The efferent nerves of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) are divided into the Parasympathetic Nervous System and Sympathetic Nervous System, each responsible for different bodily functions.

The correct answer includes the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), which are the two main divisions of the nervous system responsible for coordinating all the body’s nervous activities. The incorrect answers are other subdivisions of the nervous system that do not represent the major divisions.

The Meninges are specifically designed protective membranes for the Central Nervous System and are not made up of skin, muscles, or bone.

Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the subarachnoid space, central canal of the spinal cord, and cerebral ventricles. It acts as a cushion to protect the brain and spinal cord.

The ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart responsible for pumping blood to the lungs and the rest of the body. The left and right atrium are the upper chambers of the heart, while the aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta.

The correct answer lists the actual subdivisions of the brain while the incorrect answers mention other parts or functions of the brain that are not related to the 5 swellings that develop into 5 divisions of the adult brain.

The four cerebral ventricles are the two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle.

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the choroid plexuses, which are specialized structures in the brain located within the ventricles. The other options listed do not play a direct role in the production of cerebrospinal fluid.

Choroid plexuses are specialized structures within the brain that play a crucial role in the production of cerebrospinal fluid. These networks of capillaries are not related to heart muscles, bone structures, or salivary glands.

The correct answer is that the third and forth ventricle connect through the Central Aqueduct. This passage allows cerebrospinal fluid to flow between these two ventricles in the brain.

Hydrocephalus is a condition where there is a blockage of cerebrospinal fluid rather than excessive intake of water, viral infections, or genetic conditions affecting the brain.

The blood brain barrier is a semipermeable membrane that prevents the passage of certain substances while allowing others, like glucose, to be actively transported.

The blood-brain barrier is crucial in protecting the brain from harmful substances in the blood, ensuring the delicate neurons are not harmed.

Camilo Golgi and Santiago Ramon Y Cajal are the correct answer as they were the neuroscientists who developed the golgi stain method in the 19th century.

Neurons are the primary cells responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system, while glial cells provide support and protection to neurons. The incorrect answers do not play a role in forming the nervous system.

Neurons are specialized for transmitting electrochemical signals, not for muscle contraction, gas exchange, or digesting food.

External features of a neuron include dendrites, which receive information; axon, which transmits information; cell body, which contains the nucleus and organelles; and synapses, which are the junctions where communication with other neurons occurs.

A neuron is a specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses. Its internal features include the cell body which contains the nucleus and mitochondria, axon for transmitting signals away from the cell body, and dendrites for receiving signals from other neurons.

The cell membrane of a neuron is primarily composed of a lipid bilayer, not protein monolayer, carbohydrate trilayer, or nucleic acid barrier.

Multipolar neurons have multiple dendrites and a single axon, making them the most common type of neurons found in the nervous system.

The correct answer states that the brain is not a reticular structure functioning as a single system. It is not entirely functionally connected, suggesting that it is not a syncithium system.

The Neuron doctrine is a fundamental concept in neuroscience that emphasizes the role of neurons as the basic building blocks of the nervous system, each functioning as a separate unit but working together to transmit information. This doctrine highlights the interconnected nature of neurons and their vital role in neural communication.

Neurons can be classified based on the number of processes they have or based on their function. The incorrect answers do not relate to the classification of neurons.

Neuron processes can vary in structure and function, but the common types include unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar neurons. Each type has distinct characteristics and plays specific roles in neural communication.