Error in scientific experiments is calculated by taking the difference between the experimental value and the accepted value.

Percent error is calculated as the absolute value of the error divided by the accepted value, multiplied by 100. This formula helps quantify the accuracy of a measurement or experiment by comparing the error to the correct or accepted value.

Accuracy is specifically about the closeness of a measurement to the true value, not the estimation of size, data transmission speed, or the precision of a value.

Precision is specifically related to the consistency or repeatability of measurements, while accuracy deals with how close a measurement is to the true value. Precision does not necessarily guarantee accuracy, as it only considers the closeness of multiple measurements to each other.

In the number 0.00073, there are two non-zero digits which are considered significant - '7' and '3'. Zeros before the first non-zero digit are not considered significant figures.

A significant figure is any non-zero digit or any zeros between non-zero digits. In the number 8765, all four digits are non-zero and therefore all are considered significant, resulting in 4 significant figures.

The number 0.05730 has 4 significant figures because all the non-zero digits in the number are considered significant, while zeros between significant figures are also significant.

The seven base units of the International System of Units (SI) corresponding to the given physical quantities are: meter for length, kilogram for mass, kelvin for temperature, seconds for time, moles for amount of substance, candela for luminous intensity, and ampere for electric current.

The prefixes in this question represent powers of ten used to denote decimal multiples and submultiples of SI units. The correct order from smallest to largest is: pico, nano, micro, milli, centi, deci, kilo, mega.

Density is calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume. This formula helps determine how tightly packed the particles in a substance are.

To convert Celsius to Kelvin, simply add 273 to the Celsius temperature.

As temperature increases, the particles in substances gain more energy and move more quickly, causing them to spread out, which results in a decrease in density.

The correct conversion between Joules and calories is 1J = 0.2390 cal or 1 cal = 4.184 J. Therefore, the correct answer is 0.2390 cal = 4.184 J.

Democritus, an ancient Greek philosopher, proposed the theory that atoms were the fundamental building blocks of all matter and that they were indivisible and indestructible. This concept laid the foundation for modern atomic theory.

Dalton's atomic theory laid the foundation for the modern understanding of atoms and molecules. It emphasized the indivisibility of atoms, the concept of elements being made up of identical atoms, the formation of compounds through the combination of different atoms, and the conservation of mass in chemical reactions.

An electron is represented by the symbol 'e' with a relative charge of -1, a relative mass of 1/1840 compared to a proton, and an actual mass of 9.11x10^-28 grams.

A proton is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus with a relative charge of +1 and a relative mass of 1. Its actual mass is approximately 1.67x10^-24 grams.

Neutrons are subatomic particles that have no charge and are found within the nucleus of an atom. They have a mass slightly greater than that of a proton.

JJ Thomson discovered electrons through his experimentation with passing electric current through gases at low pressure. He proposed the plum pudding model to describe the structure of the atom, where electrons were embedded in a positively charged sphere like raisins in a pudding.

Eugen Goldstein observed canal rays in the cathode-ray tube, not J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, or Niels Bohr. Goldstein's discovery led to the understanding of positively charged particles in the atom.

James Chadwick is credited with the discovery of the neutron, which has a mass nearly equal to a proton. The incorrect answers attribute discoveries to other particles with different characteristics.

Rutherford's gold foil experiment provided evidence for the existence of the atomic nucleus and the distribution of electrons around it, leading to the nuclear model of the atom.

To determine the number of neutrons in an atom, subtract the atomic number (number of protons) from the mass number. Neutrons are uncharged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

In a chemical symbol, the atomic number is typically written as a subscript at the bottom left of the element symbol while the mass number is written as a superscript at the top left of the element symbol.

The number after the element symbol in the notation represents the atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus. To find the number of neutrons, subtract the atomic number from the mass number. In this case, Oxygen (O) has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 16, so there are 8 neutrons in this atom (16 - 8 = 8).

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but varying numbers of neutrons, leading to differences in mass numbers.

The correct way to represent isotopes includes writing the atomic number followed by the element symbol and then the mass number. In this case, the symbol for each Oxygen isotope should be written as 16 O, 8; 17 O, 8; and 18 O, 8.

The correct abbreviation for atomic mass unit is amu, not atm, amg, or amp.

Calculating the atomic mass involves considering the mass of each isotope of the element along with its natural abundance to compute an average atomic mass.

The atomic mass of carbon is calculated by multiplying the mass of each isotope by its relative abundance and summing the products. In this case, the correct calculation is (12.000 amu x 0.9889) + (13.003 amu x 0.0111), resulting in an atomic mass of 12.011 amu.