Pharmaceutical Analysis Test 2

NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) are spectroscopic techniques that involve the absorption of radiation. NMR is used to study the interaction of atomic nuclei with an applied magnetic field, while ESR is used to study the interaction of unpaired electrons with a magnetic field. Both techniques rely on the absorption of specific frequencies of radiation by the sample being analyzed. Therefore, NMR & ESR is the correct answer as both methods involve the absorption of radiation.

Polarimetry is the practical application of saccharimetry. Polarimetry is a technique used to measure the rotation of plane-polarized light as it passes through a sample. In saccharimetry, polarimetry is used to determine the concentration of sugar in a solution by measuring the rotation of polarized light caused by the presence of sugar molecules. Therefore, polarimetry is the correct answer as it directly relates to saccharimetry and its practical application.

Ceriometry is a titration method that involves the determination of cerium ions in a solution. In this method, the oxidation-reduction (redox) step can be expected because cerium ions can exist in different oxidation states, such as Ce3+ and Ce4+. The redox reaction occurs between the cerium ions and the titrant, which is usually a reducing or oxidizing agent. This reaction allows for the determination of the concentration of cerium ions in the solution. Therefore, in the process of ceriometry, the oxidation-reduction step is involved.

Formality is a term used to express the concentration in various types of reactions. In this case, it is specifically used in precipitation reactions. Precipitation reactions involve the formation of a solid product from the reaction of two aqueous solutions. The formality of a solution in a precipitation reaction refers to the number of formula units of the solute present in one liter of the solution. Therefore, the correct answer is precipitation reactions.

The correct answer is "CO2 has no dipole moment although C=O is polar." This is because although the C=O bond in CO2 is polar due to the difference in electronegativity between carbon and oxygen, the molecule as a whole is linear and symmetrical, resulting in the dipole moments of the two C=O bonds canceling each other out. As a result, CO2 does not have a net dipole moment and cannot be identified by IR spectroscopy, which relies on the detection of molecular vibrations associated with a changing dipole moment.

Gasometry is the correct answer because it refers to the measurement of the volume or quantity of gases. Potentiometry, voltametry, gravy metry, and amperometry are not related to the measurement of gas volume.