Chap 7 Cell Signaling

1. Signal transduction pathways involve what three things?

Carrier, Antigen, Antibody

Enzyme, Inhibitor, Effector

Signal Receptor Response

DNA, RNA, Protein

Signal transduction pathways involve the process of receiving a signal (Signal), the interaction with a receptor (Receptor), and the resulting cellular response (Response). The incorrect answers do not accurately represent the components involved in signal transduction pathways.

Explanation

Signal transduction pathways involve the process of receiving a signal (Signal), the interaction with a receptor (Receptor), and the resulting cellular response (Response). The incorrect answers do not accurately represent the components involved in signal transduction pathways.

2. What is 2 + 2?

3

4

5

6

The correct answer to the question 'What is 2 + 2?' is 4, as 2 + 2 equals 4.

Explanation

The correct answer to the question 'What is 2 + 2?' is 4, as 2 + 2 equals 4.

3. What is EnvZ?

A chemical compound used in industrial cleaning products.

The E. Coli receptor protein for changes in solute concentration

A region known for its high levels of environmental pollution.

A type of virus that infects bacterial cells.

EnvZ is a specific receptor protein found in E. Coli bacteria that plays a role in detecting and responding to changes in solute concentration in the environment.

Explanation

EnvZ is a specific receptor protein found in E. Coli bacteria that plays a role in detecting and responding to changes in solute concentration in the environment.

4. Where is EnvZ located in a bacterium?

It is located in the cytoplasm of the bacterium.

It is located in the cell wall of the bacterium.

It is located in the ribosomes of the bacterium.

It is a transmembrane protein that extends across the bacteriums plasma memnrane and into the space between the outer membrane.

EnvZ is a transmembrane protein that spans the bacterial plasma membrane, allowing it to interact with the external environment while being anchored within the cell.

Explanation

EnvZ is a transmembrane protein that spans the bacterial plasma membrane, allowing it to interact with the external environment while being anchored within the cell.

5. What happens when the solute concentration changes between the outer and plasma membrane?

The lipid bilayer becomes more permeable to solutes.

The change in the aqueai solution causes the part of the protein receptor that sticks out to change in conformtion.

The pH of the solution remains constant.

Membrane potential is directly affected by the solute concentration.

When the solute concentration changes between the outer and plasma membrane, the protein receptors in the membrane may undergo conformational changes to allow for proper signaling and cellular responses. This process is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and proper cellular function.

Explanation

When the solute concentration changes between the outer and plasma membrane, the protein receptors in the membrane may undergo conformational changes to allow for proper signaling and cellular responses. This process is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and proper cellular function.

6. What is a domain in the context of biology?

A sequence of amino acids foled into a particular shape

A domain is a type of genetic disorder.

A domain refers to a region in the nucleus of a cell.

A domain is a measurement unit used in genetics.

In biology, a domain refers to a specific sequence of amino acids that have folded into a particular shape, which usually represents a functional region of a protein.

Explanation

In biology, a domain refers to a specific sequence of amino acids that have folded into a particular shape, which usually represents a functional region of a protein.

7. What is a protein kinase?

A type of respiratory disease caused by pollution.

A type of carbohydrate found in potatoes.

Duh

A musical instrument similar to a xylophone.

A protein kinase is a type of enzyme that plays a crucial role in cell signaling and regulation by adding phosphate groups to proteins, which regulates their function.

Explanation

A protein kinase is a type of enzyme that plays a crucial role in cell signaling and regulation by adding phosphate groups to proteins, which regulates their function.

8. Estrogen and testosterone are steroid hormones, and are most likely to bind to.

C) Mitochondrial receptors

B) Golgi apparatus receptors

A) Cell membrane receptors

Steroid hormones such as estrogen and testosterone are non-polar and do not bind to cell membrane receptors, Golgi apparatus receptors, or mitochondrial receptors. Instead, they bind to special receptors in the cell cytoplasm and activate transcription in the cell nucleus.

Explanation

Steroid hormones such as estrogen and testosterone are non-polar and do not bind to cell membrane receptors, Golgi apparatus receptors, or mitochondrial receptors. Instead, they bind to special receptors in the cell cytoplasm and activate transcription in the cell nucleus.

9. What can serve as second messengers inside the cell?

C. IP3

B. Ca2+

A. cAMPB.Ca2+C.IP3D.NO (nitric oxide)

D. NO (nitric oxide)

Second messengers are molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface to effector proteins inside the cell. cAMP, Ca2+, IP3, and NO are among the commonly known second messengers responsible for transmitting signals to induce various cellular responses.

Explanation

Second messengers are molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface to effector proteins inside the cell. cAMP, Ca2+, IP3, and NO are among the commonly known second messengers responsible for transmitting signals to induce various cellular responses.

10. What are the two classifications of receptors?

Interior and exterior

Cytosolic and nuclear

Endoplasmic and plasma

Cytoplasmic memnraneclassified by location and function

Receptors are classified as either cytoplasmic or membrane receptors based on their location and function.

Explanation

Receptors are classified as either cytoplasmic or membrane receptors based on their location and function.

11. What types of receptors are found on the plasma membrane?

Ion channels Protein Kinnase( insulin receptor)G protein

Nuclear receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors

Ligand-gated receptors

Plasma membrane receptors include ion channels, enzyme-linked receptors, ligand-gated receptors, and G protein coupled receptors. Each type of receptor plays a different role in cellular signaling and response.

Explanation

Plasma membrane receptors include ion channels, enzyme-linked receptors, ligand-gated receptors, and G protein coupled receptors. Each type of receptor plays a different role in cellular signaling and response.