Biology Chapter 9 Vocab.

1. What does 'aerobic' refer to?

Living or occurring only in the presence of oxygen

Living or occurring only in the presence of sunlight.

Living or occurring only in the presence of water.

Living or occurring only in the presence of heat.

The term 'aerobic' specifically pertains to living organisms or processes that require oxygen for survival or occurrence. This distinguishes aerobic organisms from anaerobic organisms which can survive in environments devoid of oxygen.

Explanation

The term 'aerobic' specifically pertains to living organisms or processes that require oxygen for survival or occurrence. This distinguishes aerobic organisms from anaerobic organisms which can survive in environments devoid of oxygen.

2. What does the term 'anaerobic' refer to?

The process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

A type of exercise routine that focuses on strengthening the heart and lungs.

A type of air pollution caused by excessive carbon dioxide emissions.

An organism, such as a bacterium, that can live in the absence of atmospheric oxygen.

The term 'anaerobic' specifically refers to organisms, such as bacteria, that are capable of living and thriving in environments without atmospheric oxygen. This adaptation allows them to survive in various conditions where oxygen may be limited or unavailable.

Explanation

The term 'anaerobic' specifically refers to organisms, such as bacteria, that are capable of living and thriving in environments without atmospheric oxygen. This adaptation allows them to survive in various conditions where oxygen may be limited or unavailable.

3. What is Cellular Respiration?

A form of photosynthesis in plants.

He series of metabolic processes by which living cells produce energy through the oxidation of organic substances.

The breakdown of inorganic substances in cells.

The process of cell division in eukaryotic organisms.

Cellular respiration is the process through which cells generate energy by breaking down organic substances. It is different from photosynthesis in plants, breakdown of inorganic substances, and cell division in eukaryotic organisms.

Explanation

Cellular respiration is the process through which cells generate energy by breaking down organic substances. It is different from photosynthesis in plants, breakdown of inorganic substances, and cell division in eukaryotic organisms.

4. What is NAD+?

A type of vitamin B

A neurotransmitter in the brain

An enzyme involved in DNA replication

The oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

NAD+ is an essential coenzyme involved in various metabolic processes within the cell, particularly in redox reactions.

Explanation

NAD+ is an essential coenzyme involved in various metabolic processes within the cell, particularly in redox reactions.

5. What is the Krebs Cycle?

The sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration.

The process of converting sunlight into energy in plant cells.

The replication of DNA in the nucleus of a cell.

The breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen.

The Krebs Cycle is specifically related to energy generation in cells through aerobic respiration, not sunlight conversion, anaerobic breakdown of glucose, or DNA replication.

Explanation

The Krebs Cycle is specifically related to energy generation in cells through aerobic respiration, not sunlight conversion, anaerobic breakdown of glucose, or DNA replication.

6. What is a matrix?

A type of alternative medicine practice.

A type of mathematical operation.

A type of computer programming language.

An environment or material in which something develops.

The correct answer refers to the concept of matrix as an environment or material in which something develops, rather than other unrelated meanings.

Explanation

The correct answer refers to the concept of matrix as an environment or material in which something develops, rather than other unrelated meanings.

7. What is glycolysis?

The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.

The conversion of pyruvic acid into energy without the use of enzymes.

The breakdown of pyruvic acid by enzymes, releasing glucose.

The synthesis of glucose from pyruvic acid.

Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into energy and pyruvic acid through enzymatic reactions. It is a crucial step in cellular respiration.

Explanation

Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into energy and pyruvic acid through enzymatic reactions. It is a crucial step in cellular respiration.

8. What is fermentation?

An anaerobic (without oxygen) cellular process in which organic foods are converted into simpler compounds, and chemical energy (ATP) is produced.

A process that converts inorganic foods into organic compounds.

A process that requires oxygen to break down organic foods.

A process that does not involve the production of ATP.

Fermentation is a cellular process that occurs in the absence of oxygen and involves the breakdown of organic foods to produce ATP.

Explanation

Fermentation is a cellular process that occurs in the absence of oxygen and involves the breakdown of organic foods to produce ATP.