Exploring the Role of Mycorrhiza in Plant Transport Systems Quiz

Plasmodesmata are channels that traverse the cell walls of plant cells, allowing for communication and transportation between adjacent cells. Mitochondria, ribosomes, and lysosomes are cellular organelles with different functions unrelated to intercellular communication.

Symbiotic associations refer to interactions between two different species that live together in close physical association. In parasitism, one organism benefits at the expense of the other. Commensalism is when one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. Competition occurs when two species fight for the same limited resources.

The correct answer points to the apoplastic route, which is one of the pathways for water and ions movement in plant roots. The incorrect answers provide other possible routes or structures involved in nutrient transport within plants.

In plant roots, the Casparian strip located in the endodermis is a barrier that forces water and solutes to pass through the plasma membranes of endodermal cells before entering the xylem. The incorrect answers do not accurately describe the process of water and solute movement in plant roots.

Transpiration is the process by which water and nutrients are transported from roots to leaves in plants. It is driven by the evaporation of water from the stomata in the leaves, creating a negative pressure that pulls up water through the plant. Photosynthesis, respiration, and capillary action do not directly provide the major force for this movement.

Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the cohesion of water molecules due to the attraction between the slightly positive hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the slightly negative oxygen atom of another water molecule.

Guard cells are specialized cells in plant leaves that surround the stomata and control their opening and closing to regulate gas exchange and water loss. Epidermal cells form a protective layer on the surface of leaves, while xylem and phloem are vascular tissues responsible for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant.

Leaves are considered sugar sources because they undergo photosynthesis, a process in which they convert sunlight into energy through the production of glucose.

Sugar moves from leaves into the sieve-tube elements of phloem by active transport. This process allows for the efficient movement of sugars produced during photosynthesis throughout the plant.

Bulk flow is the movement of fluids due to pressure differences, while osmosis, diffusion, and active transport involve different mechanisms of movement that do not involve pressure-driven flow.

Water moves into phloem through osmosis, where it moves from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration. This process enables the phloem to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.

At a sugar sink, where sugars are actively transported out of the phloem to be used by the plant for energy or storage, the process involved is active transport.

In plants, especially in taproots, the excess sugar produced by photosynthesis is converted into starch for storage and energy reserves.

The movement of sugars from leaves to taproots and from taproots to leaves is facilitated by bulk flow in plants. This process involves the flow of fluids through the conducting tissues of xylem and phloem.