Exercise Physiology Chapter 5
Test basic knowledge
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Steriod Hormones are lipid soluble?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Steroid hormones are lipid soluble because they are derived from cholesterol, which is a lipid molecule. Being lipid soluble allows these hormones to easily cross cell membranes and enter target cells, where they bind to specific receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus. This binding activates gene expression, leading to various physiological responses. The lipid solubility of steroid hormones also enables them to be stored in fatty tissues and have a longer half-life compared to water-soluble hormones.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which is a steriod hormone?
- A.
Dopamine
- B.
Epinephrine
- C.
Vitamin D
- D.
Glucagon
Correct Answer
C. Vitamin DExplanation
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone because it is derived from cholesterol and acts on the nucleus of target cells to regulate gene expression. It plays a crucial role in calcium and phosphate metabolism, as well as bone health. Unlike other steroid hormones, which are primarily produced in the adrenal glands or gonads, vitamin D is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and can also be obtained through certain dietary sources.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Catecholamines are secreted by the Adrenal Cortex?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Catecholamines are not secreted by the Adrenal Cortex. They are actually secreted by the Adrenal Medulla, which is located in the center of the adrenal glands. The Adrenal Cortex, on the other hand, secretes hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone. Therefore, the statement that Catecholamines are secreted by the Adrenal Cortex is false.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Adrenal Cortex secretes?
- A.
Epinephrine
- B.
Minerlocorticoids
- C.
Glucocorticords
- D.
A and B
- E.
B and C
- F.
None of the above
Correct Answer
E. B and CExplanation
The adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, regulate electrolyte and water balance in the body. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, regulate metabolism, immune responses, and stress responses. Therefore, the correct answer is B and C.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What the 3 factors that stimulate endocrine gland activity?
Correct Answer
hormonal,humoral,neuralExplanation
The three factors that stimulate endocrine gland activity are hormonal, humoral, and neural. Hormonal stimulation occurs when a hormone from another endocrine gland stimulates the target gland to release its own hormone. Humoral stimulation occurs when the levels of certain substances, such as ions or nutrients, in the blood trigger the release of hormones from the endocrine gland. Neural stimulation occurs when the autonomic nervous system sends nerve impulses to the endocrine gland, causing it to release hormones. These three factors work together to regulate and control the activity of endocrine glands in the body.Rate this question:
- 6.
Non-Steriod homones are formed by amino acids?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Non-Steroid hormones are indeed formed by amino acids. These hormones, such as insulin and glucagon, are made up of chains of amino acids. They are synthesized and released by various glands in the body, including the pancreas and the pituitary gland, and they play crucial roles in regulating various physiological processes. Unlike steroid hormones, which are derived from cholesterol, non-steroid hormones do not require any specific carrier proteins to travel through the bloodstream and exert their effects on target cells. Therefore, the given answer "True" is correct.Rate this question:
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- 7.
GDP binds to the G Protein's beta subunt?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because GDP actually binds to the G Protein's alpha subunit, not the beta subunit. G Proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. When a G Protein is inactive, it is bound to GDP on the alpha subunit. Upon activation, GDP is exchanged for GTP, leading to the dissociation of the alpha subunit from the beta and gamma subunits. Therefore, the correct answer is false.Rate this question:
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- 8.
When GTP binds to the alpha subunit of the G protein, the G protein is inactivated
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
When GTP binds to the alpha subunit of the G protein, it activates the G protein, not inactivates it. This is because GTP binding causes a conformational change in the alpha subunit, allowing it to dissociate from the beta and gamma subunits and interact with downstream effector molecules, leading to signal transduction and cellular responses. Therefore, the statement that GTP binding inactivates the G protein is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 9.
G protein is a membrane bound protein
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
G proteins are indeed membrane-bound proteins. They are a family of proteins involved in signal transduction pathways. These proteins are attached to the inner surface of the cell membrane and play a crucial role in transmitting signals from cell surface receptors to the inside of the cell. G proteins act as molecular switches, alternating between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state. This activation allows them to interact with various downstream effector molecules and initiate intracellular signaling cascades. Therefore, the statement "G protein is a membrane-bound protein" is true.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What is the secondary messanger for the Adenyly cyclase mechanism?
- A.
Protain Kinase A
- B.
CAMP
- C.
CA
- D.
GLUT 4
Correct Answer
B. CAMPExplanation
cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is the secondary messenger for the Adenylyl cyclase mechanism. Adenylyl cyclase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP. cAMP then acts as a secondary messenger, relaying signals from various hormones and neurotransmitters to activate Protein Kinase A (PKA). PKA is responsible for phosphorylating and activating various target proteins, leading to a cascade of intracellular signaling events. Therefore, cAMP plays a crucial role in mediating the Adenylyl cyclase mechanism and transmitting signals within cells.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What is the seconday messager for the Phospholipase C mechanism?
- A.
IP3 / CA
- B.
IP3
- C.
CAMP
- D.
5AMP
Correct Answer
A. IP3 / CAExplanation
The secondary messenger for the Phospholipase C mechanism is IP3 / CA. Phospholipase C is an enzyme that cleaves phospholipids in the cell membrane, producing IP3 and DAG. IP3 then acts as a secondary messenger by binding to receptors on the endoplasmic reticulum, causing the release of calcium ions (CA) from intracellular stores. The increase in calcium levels triggers various cellular responses, such as muscle contraction or secretion of neurotransmitters. Therefore, both IP3 and calcium ions play crucial roles as secondary messengers in the Phospholipase C mechanism.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Activated adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Adenylyl cyclase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate). This process is known as adenylyl cyclase activation. Therefore, the statement "Activated adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP" is true.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What enzyme degrades cAMP to 5AMP
Correct Answer
phosphodiesteraseExplanation
Phosphodiesterase is the correct answer because it is an enzyme that degrades cAMP to 5AMP. This enzyme breaks down the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) molecule by hydrolyzing the phosphodiester bond, resulting in the formation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate (5AMP). Phosphodiesterase plays a crucial role in regulating the levels of cAMP within cells, as cAMP is involved in various cellular signaling pathways.Rate this question:
- 14.
Insulin and Growth Hormone use secondary messengers
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Insulin and growth hormone do not use secondary messengers. Secondary messengers are molecules that relay signals from the cell surface to the inside of the cell, amplifying and transmitting the signal. Insulin and growth hormone, on the other hand, use different mechanisms to transmit their signals. Insulin binds to insulin receptors on the cell surface, initiating a cascade of intracellular events that regulate glucose uptake. Growth hormone binds to specific receptors on target cells and activates signaling pathways directly, without the need for secondary messengers. Therefore, the correct answer is False.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What mechanism does Insulin and GH use
Correct Answer
tyrosine kinaseExplanation
Insulin and GH both use the mechanism of tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that adds a phosphate group to tyrosine residues in proteins. This mechanism is essential for the signaling pathways of insulin and GH, as it allows for the activation of downstream signaling molecules and the regulation of various cellular processes. By utilizing tyrosine kinase, insulin and GH are able to exert their effects on glucose metabolism, growth, and other physiological functions.Rate this question:
- 16.
In the Tyrosine mechanism glucose enters the cell via
- A.
Signalling Protein
- B.
Hydrogen Pump
- C.
GLUT4
- D.
Tyrosine Kinase receptor
Correct Answer
C. GLUT4Explanation
GLUT4 is the correct answer because in the Tyrosine mechanism, glucose enters the cell through the GLUT4 transporter. GLUT4 is a glucose transporter protein that is mainly found in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. It is responsible for insulin-regulated glucose uptake into these cells. When insulin is present, it activates the Tyrosine Kinase receptor, which then triggers the translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular vesicles to the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. This process helps regulate blood glucose levels and is important for maintaining normal glucose homeostasis.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Blood Hormone levels are determined by (check all that apply)
- A.
Rate of Secretion
- B.
Rate of Excretion
- C.
Blood Pressure
- D.
Quantity of Transport Proteins
Correct Answer(s)
A. Rate of Secretion
B. Rate of Excretion
D. Quantity of Transport ProteinsExplanation
Blood hormone levels are determined by the rate of secretion, rate of excretion, and the quantity of transport proteins. The rate of secretion refers to the amount of hormone being produced and released by the endocrine glands into the bloodstream. The rate of excretion refers to the elimination of hormones from the body, either through urine or feces. The quantity of transport proteins is important because hormones are often bound to these proteins in the bloodstream, which affects their availability and distribution throughout the body. Therefore, all three factors play a role in determining blood hormone levels.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What hormones need transport proteins
- A.
Thyroid homones
- B.
Eprinephrine
- C.
Steriod homones
- D.
Glucagon
- E.
B and C
- F.
A and C
Correct Answer
F. A and CExplanation
Thyroid hormones and steroid hormones need transport proteins. Thyroid hormones, such as T3 and T4, are hydrophobic and cannot easily dissolve in the bloodstream, so they require transport proteins like thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) to be carried to their target tissues. Steroid hormones, like cortisol and testosterone, are also hydrophobic and need transport proteins like sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) to travel through the bloodstream. Epinephrine and glucagon do not require transport proteins for their transportation.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Training at higher altitude may increase the number of red blood cells, this is an example of
- A.
Hypertrophy
- B.
Hyperplasia
- C.
Hypoplasia
- D.
Extracellular matrix
Correct Answer
B. HyperplasiaExplanation
Training at higher altitudes can lead to an increase in the number of red blood cells. This is because when the body is exposed to lower oxygen levels at higher altitudes, it tries to compensate by producing more red blood cells. This increase in red blood cells helps to improve the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, allowing the body to adapt to the lower oxygen levels and perform better at higher altitudes. Hyperplasia refers to the increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, which is exactly what happens in this case.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What hypothalamus hormone triggers the eventuall release of Cortisol
- A.
ACTH
- B.
TRH
- C.
Insulin
- D.
CRH
Correct Answer
D. CRHExplanation
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is produced by the hypothalamus and plays a crucial role in triggering the release of cortisol. When the body experiences stress, CRH is released from the hypothalamus into the bloodstream, stimulating the pituitary gland to produce and release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH then travels to the adrenal glands, where it stimulates the production and release of cortisol. Therefore, CRH is the hormone that ultimately triggers the release of cortisol in response to stress.Rate this question:
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- 21.
What is the target organ of GH?
- A.
Liver
- B.
Pancreas
- C.
Kidney
- D.
Anterior Adrenal
Correct Answer
A. LiverExplanation
GH stands for growth hormone, which is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. The target organ of GH is the liver. GH stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), particularly IGF-1. These IGFs play a crucial role in promoting growth and development in various tissues and organs throughout the body. Therefore, the liver is the main target organ for the actions of GH.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Growth hormone and Insulin have similiar actions?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Growth hormone and insulin do not have similar actions. Growth hormone is responsible for stimulating growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in the body, while insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. While both hormones are involved in metabolism, their actions and functions are distinct and not similar.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Growth Hormone increases FFA oxidation and Gluconeogenesis in the liver?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Growth hormone is known to increase the oxidation of free fatty acids (FFA) and gluconeogenesis in the liver. This means that it promotes the breakdown of stored fats and the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources in the liver. These actions help to increase the availability of energy and nutrients in the body, which is important for growth and development. Therefore, the statement that growth hormone increases FFA oxidation and gluconeogenesis in the liver is true.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Growth hormone will increase protein synthesis, muscle growth and strength
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Growth hormone does play a role in protein synthesis, muscle growth, and strength, but the given statement is incorrect. Growth hormone does not directly increase these factors. Instead, it stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which is responsible for promoting protein synthesis and muscle growth. Therefore, the correct answer is False.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Muscle growth is?
- A.
Hypoplacia
- B.
Hypotrophy
- C.
Hypertrophy
- D.
Extracelluar matrix
Correct Answer
C. HypertrophyExplanation
Hypertrophy refers to the increase in size or volume of muscle cells due to an increase in the size of individual muscle fibers. This occurs as a result of resistance training or exercise, where the muscle fibers undergo microscopic damage, leading to an inflammatory response and subsequent repair and growth. The process of hypertrophy involves an increase in the number of contractile proteins within the muscle fibers, leading to an overall increase in muscle size and strength.Rate this question:
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- 26.
T3 and T4 are Pancreas hormones
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
T3 and T4 are not pancreas hormones. They are actually thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid gland. The pancreas produces hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which are involved in regulating blood sugar levels. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 27.
T3 has 3 iodines
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because T3, also known as triiodothyronine, is a thyroid hormone that contains three iodine atoms.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The thyroid produces mainly T4
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The thyroid gland produces mainly T4, also known as thyroxine. T4 is the primary hormone secreted by the thyroid and plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and growth in the body. It is converted into T3, the more active form of thyroid hormone, in various tissues. While the thyroid also produces a smaller amount of T3, T4 is the dominant hormone produced. Therefore, the statement "The thyroid produces mainly T4" is true.Rate this question:
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- 29.
T3 is move active then T4
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
T3 being more active than T4 means that T3 is more energetic, dynamic, or involved in action compared to T4. This could refer to various contexts, such as the activity levels of different thyroid hormones or the activity of different technical devices. Without further information, it is difficult to determine the exact meaning of T3 and T4 in this context. However, based on the given statement, the correct answer is True, indicating that T3 is indeed more active than T4.Rate this question:
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- 30.
T4 and T3 both require transport proteins
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Both T4 and T3 are thyroid hormones that are produced by the thyroid gland. These hormones are not soluble in water and therefore require transport proteins to be carried in the bloodstream to their target cells. These transport proteins help to bind and carry the hormones through the bloodstream, ensuring their safe delivery and effective functioning in the body. Therefore, it is true that both T4 and T3 require transport proteins for their transportation.Rate this question:
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- 31.
What converts T4 to T3
- A.
Deiodinase
- B.
Iodine Kinase
- C.
Phosphorylation
- D.
T4pase
Correct Answer
A. DeiodinaseExplanation
Deiodinase is an enzyme that converts T4 (thyroxine) to T3 (triiodothyronine). This conversion is crucial for the regulation of thyroid hormone levels in the body. Deiodinase removes one iodine atom from T4, resulting in the formation of T3, which is the active form of thyroid hormone. This process occurs in various tissues and organs, including the liver, kidney, and thyroid gland. Deiodinase plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of thyroid hormones, which are involved in numerous physiological processes, including metabolism, growth, and development.Rate this question:
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- 32.
T3 and T4 are needed for?
- A.
Normal GH function
- B.
Lipid synthesis
- C.
O2 consumption
- D.
A and C
- E.
All the above
Correct Answer
E. All the aboveExplanation
T3 and T4 are needed for all the above functions. T3 and T4, also known as triiodothyronine and thyroxine respectively, are hormones produced by the thyroid gland. They play a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism, including the normal function of growth hormone (GH), lipid synthesis, and oxygen consumption. Therefore, all the options mentioned in the question are correct, as T3 and T4 are required for all of these functions.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The primary function of T4 and T3 is heat production
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
T4 and T3 are hormones produced by the thyroid gland, and one of their primary functions is to regulate metabolism and body temperature. These hormones play a crucial role in increasing heat production in the body, which helps to maintain a stable internal body temperature. Therefore, the statement that the primary function of T4 and T3 is heat production is true.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The elevation of plasma glucose and amino acids will increase insulin secretion?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
When the plasma glucose and amino acid levels increase, the pancreas detects this and releases insulin. Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream. Therefore, an elevation in plasma glucose and amino acids will indeed increase insulin secretion to maintain proper glucose balance in the body.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Blood flow to the liver and kidney increase during exercise increasing the hormones to be metabloized
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
During exercise, blood flow to the muscles increases to provide them with oxygen and nutrients. However, blood flow to the liver and kidney actually decreases during exercise as the body prioritizes supplying blood to the working muscles. This is because the liver and kidneys do not require as much blood during physical activity. Therefore, the statement that blood flow to the liver and kidney increases during exercise is false.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The rate of excretion of a hormone is an indicator to the rate of secretion during exercise
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The rate of excretion of a hormone can serve as an indicator of the rate of secretion during exercise because when the body is engaged in physical activity, hormone production and secretion increase to support the body's energy needs. As a result, the excretion of hormones through urine or other bodily fluids can reflect the heightened secretion rate. Monitoring the rate of hormone excretion can therefore provide insights into the body's physiological response to exercise and help assess the effectiveness of training or activity levels.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Increase in the sympathetic nervous system decreases insulin
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
An increase in the sympathetic nervous system can lead to a decrease in insulin levels. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's fight-or-flight response, which is activated during times of stress or danger. When this system is activated, it releases stress hormones such as adrenaline, which can inhibit the release of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels, so a decrease in its production can lead to higher blood sugar levels and potentially contribute to conditions such as diabetes. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 38.
How many hormones does the hypothalamus secrete
- A.
6
- B.
7
- C.
8
- D.
9
Correct Answer
D. 9Explanation
The hypothalamus is a small region at the base of the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. It secretes several hormones that help control functions such as body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep. These hormones include oxytocin, vasopressin, corticotropin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, somatostatin, dopamine, and prolactin-inhibiting hormone. Therefore, the correct answer is 9.Rate this question:
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- 39.
How many hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete
- A.
5
- B.
6
- C.
7
- D.
9
Correct Answer
B. 6Explanation
The anterior pituitary gland secretes six hormones. These hormones include growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL). Each of these hormones plays a crucial role in regulating various functions in the body, such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and lactation.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Oxytocin and LDH are stored in the posterior pituitary
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 41.
Excessive water retention and dilution of sodium may result in hyponatremia
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Excessive water retention and dilution of sodium can lead to hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is a condition characterized by low levels of sodium in the blood. When the body retains too much water, it can dilute the sodium concentration, causing an imbalance. This can occur due to various reasons such as excessive fluid intake, certain medications, certain medical conditions, or hormonal imbalances. Hyponatremia can have serious consequences, including neurological symptoms and even coma or death in severe cases. Therefore, it is important to monitor and maintain proper sodium and fluid balance in the body.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Increasing blood volume will increase blood pressure
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
When blood volume increases, there is more blood circulating in the blood vessels. This increased volume of blood puts more pressure on the walls of the blood vessels, leading to an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, increasing blood volume will indeed increase blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Constricting blood vessels and arteries will decrease bllod pressure
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Constricting blood vessels and arteries actually increases blood pressure, not decreases it. When blood vessels and arteries constrict, the space for blood flow decreases, causing an increase in pressure within the vessels. This can lead to hypertension or high blood pressure. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 44.
ADH can raise blood pressure by increasing blood volume
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, plays a role in regulating blood pressure. It does this by increasing blood volume. When ADH is released, it signals the kidneys to reabsorb water, reducing urine production and increasing the amount of fluid in the bloodstream. This increase in blood volume leads to an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, the statement that ADH can raise blood pressure by increasing blood volume is true.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Epinephrine will increase the break down of protein to amino acids (protolysis)
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Epinephrine does not increase the breakdown of protein to amino acids (protolysis). Instead, it stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis) and increases the release of glucose into the bloodstream. This helps to provide a quick source of energy during times of stress or physical activity.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Cortisol will promote the breakdown of protein to amino acids for energy
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Cortisol, a hormone released by the adrenal glands, is known to promote the breakdown of protein into amino acids for energy. This process, known as protein catabolism, occurs when the body needs additional energy and there is a limited supply of carbohydrates. Cortisol stimulates the enzymes responsible for breaking down proteins, allowing the body to utilize amino acids as a fuel source. Therefore, the statement that cortisol promotes the breakdown of protein to amino acids for energy is true.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Parasympathetic response , ACh binds to which receptor
- A.
Beta1
- B.
Alpha1
- C.
M
- D.
Beta2
Correct Answer
C. MExplanation
ACh binds to the M receptor during the parasympathetic response.Rate this question:
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- 48.
If epinephrine/norepinephrine binds to the beta1 receptor the heart rate and force of contraction increases?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
When epinephrine/norepinephrine binds to the beta1 receptor, it stimulates the heart to increase its rate and force of contraction. This is because the beta1 receptors are primarily located in the heart and when activated, they increase the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) within the cardiac cells. This leads to an increase in calcium influx, which in turn enhances the heart's ability to contract more forcefully and at a faster rate. Therefore, the statement "If epinephrine/norepinephrine binds to the beta1 receptor, the heart rate and force of contraction increases" is true.Rate this question:
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- 49.
If E/Ne binds to the alpha receptor the arterioles and veins will dilate?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
If E/Ne binds to the alpha receptor, it will cause vasoconstriction instead of dilation. Alpha receptors are found on the smooth muscle of arterioles and veins, and when stimulated by E/Ne, they cause constriction of these blood vessels. This leads to a decrease in blood flow and an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is false.Rate this question:
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- 50.
What is the effect of a alpha blocker?
- A.
Enables arterioles and veins constriction
- B.
Bronchioles dilate
- C.
Prevents arterioles and viens constriction
- D.
Blocks the increase of heart rate and force of contraction
Correct Answer
C. Prevents arterioles and viens constrictionExplanation
The effect of an alpha blocker is to prevent arterioles and veins constriction.Rate this question:
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