Exam Final For Sociology

The correct answer is "a social institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge." This is because religion is not just a large building, but rather a complex social institution that serves as a source of important knowledge and guidance for its members. It provides individuals with a framework for understanding the world, moral values, and a sense of community. Religion plays a significant role in shaping societies and providing individuals with a sense of purpose and meaning in life.

Polygamy refers to the practice of having multiple spouses simultaneously. It is a form of marriage that allows a person to be united with two or more spouses at the same time. This differs from monogamy, which is the practice of having only one spouse, and from endogamy and exogamy, which refer to rules about who one can marry based on social or cultural factors.

Industrialized countries typically have higher levels of education, better access to healthcare, and greater economic opportunities. These factors contribute to a higher standard of living and higher incomes for families in these countries. When families have higher incomes and better access to resources, they are more likely to have fewer children. This is because they can afford to provide for their children's needs and invest more in each child's education and future. Therefore, it is true that industrialized countries with higher incomes tend to have fewer than four children per family.

Marriage can be considered an institution of conformity because it encompasses all the mentioned aspects. It is constraining as it involves committing to a long-term partnership and following societal norms and expectations. Marriage regulates sexual intercourse by establishing a monogamous relationship. It also regulates reproduction by providing a socially accepted framework for having children. Additionally, marriage regulates how we socialize our children by defining the roles of parents (mom and dad) and ensuring their care and protection. Therefore, all the given options accurately describe marriage as an institution of conformity.

The given statement suggests that women become resentful and clinically depressed in marriage due to the overwhelming burden of domestic labor. This implies that the unequal distribution of household chores and responsibilities can negatively impact women's mental health, leading to feelings of resentment and depression. This answer supports the idea that gender roles and expectations within marriage can contribute to women's emotional well-being.

Endogamy refers to the practice of marrying within one's own social category or group, such as within the same caste, religion, or ethnicity. It is a form of social arrangement that promotes social cohesion and preserves cultural traditions within a specific group. This practice helps maintain social boundaries and reinforces social norms and values. Therefore, the correct answer for the question is Endogamy.

Monogamy is the correct answer because it refers to the practice of being married to only one person at a time. It is a form of marriage that unites only two individuals. Unlike polygamy, where multiple spouses are allowed, monogamy restricts marriage to a single partner. Exogamy and endogamy, on the other hand, refer to the practice of marrying outside or within a specific social group or community, respectively.

The manifest function of education is to transmit knowledge, writing, and arithmetic. This means that one of the main purposes of education is to provide individuals with the necessary skills and information in various subjects such as math, writing, and general knowledge. By teaching these subjects, education aims to equip individuals with the tools they need to succeed academically and in their future careers.

Polygyny is indeed a form of marriage that involves one man being married to multiple women. In this type of marriage, a man can have multiple wives simultaneously. This practice is found in various cultures and societies around the world, although it is less common than monogamy (marriage between two individuals). Polygyny can have different motivations and implications depending on the cultural context, but it generally involves the recognition and acceptance of multiple wives within a marriage.

Polyandry is indeed the form of marriage that unites one woman with multiple men. In this type of marriage, a woman can have multiple husbands simultaneously. This practice is relatively rare compared to other forms of marriage, such as monogamy or polygyny, where a man can have multiple wives. Polyandry can be found in certain cultures and societies, often as a way to manage limited resources or to strengthen alliances between families.

The statement is false because patrilocality refers to a cultural practice where a married couple lives near the husband's family, not the wife's family. In patrilocality, it is customary for the wife to move to the husband's community after marriage. This practice is common in many societies around the world and is often associated with the passing down of property and inheritance through the male line.

Exogamy refers to the practice of marrying outside of one's social category or group. It involves individuals from different social backgrounds coming together in marriage. This can include marrying someone from a different caste, religion, ethnicity, or economic status. Exogamy is seen as a way to promote diversity and social integration by encouraging individuals to form relationships and alliances with those outside of their own social group. It helps to break down barriers and foster connections between different communities.

Homogamy refers to the practice of individuals marrying others who have similar social characteristics. This can include factors such as education level, occupation, religion, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Homogamy is based on the idea that people are more likely to form relationships and marry those who are similar to themselves, as they may share common values, interests, and backgrounds. Therefore, the statement that homogamy is marriage between people who have the same social characteristics is true.

Calvinism refers to a Christian theory of predestination. Predestination is the belief that God has already determined the fate of individuals, including whether they will be saved or condemned, even before they are born. This theory was developed by John Calvin, a prominent theologian during the Protestant Reformation. Calvinism emphasizes the sovereignty of God and the idea that salvation is solely dependent on God's will, rather than on human efforts or choices. It is a significant theological perspective within Protestant Christianity.

Matrilocality is a cultural practice where a married couple lives with or near the wife's family, rather than being completely separated from both the husband's and wife's families. Therefore, the given statement is incorrect.

The statement suggests that the socioeconomic status (SES) of parents is the most significant factor in determining a child's success in school. This implies that children from families with higher SES are more likely to succeed academically compared to those from lower SES backgrounds. This could be due to various factors such as access to quality education, resources, and opportunities that are often associated with higher SES levels.

The statement is incorrect. Extended family refers to a family structure that includes not only the parents and children but also other relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.

When an STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease) is introduced into a bounded network, it means that the disease is contained within a specific group or community. In this scenario, the correct answer is that the STD has a greater chance of dispersion. This means that there is a higher likelihood of the disease spreading to other individuals within the network. Since the network is bounded, the disease may have a limited number of potential hosts, but it still has the potential to spread among them.

Having careers can increase the likelihood of divorce because both partners may have less time and energy to invest in their relationship. Career demands can lead to increased stress, long working hours, and less quality time together, which can strain the marriage. Additionally, having individual careers can lead to a sense of independence and self-sufficiency, making it easier for either partner to consider leaving the relationship if they are unhappy. However, it is important to note that having careers does not guarantee divorce, as many couples successfully balance their professional and personal lives.

This statement is false because studies have shown that men can indeed become resentful in marriage when their wives make more money than they do. Traditional gender roles and societal expectations often place men in the role of the primary breadwinner, and when this role is challenged, it can lead to feelings of emasculation and resentment. Additionally, societal norms and expectations around masculinity can contribute to men feeling insecure or inadequate if their wives earn more. Therefore, it is not accurate to say that men do not become resentful in such situations.

The given statement is false. Neolocality refers to a married couple living in a new location away from both the husband and wife's families. It is a common practice in many societies for couples to establish their own independent household rather than living with or near their extended families. This allows them to create their own identity and independence as a couple.

The correct answer is "All of the above" because a family can be defined as a social unit of two or more individuals who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption and live together. This definition encompasses all the options provided in the question.

The correct answer is 25%. This suggests that one-fourth of college freshmen drop out before completing their first year of college. This could be due to various reasons such as academic difficulties, financial constraints, lack of motivation, or personal circumstances. It highlights the importance of providing support and resources to help students succeed and persist in their college education.

The statement is false because a nuclear family is a family structure that consists of only parents and their children, without any additional relatives. Other kin, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, are not considered part of a nuclear family.

The statement is true because all mainstream denominations of Christianity, such as Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodoxy, originated from smaller religious groups or sects. These sects often formed due to theological differences or disagreements with the established church. Over time, some of these sects gained followers and influence, eventually evolving into separate denominations within Christianity.

Education is the institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge, including basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms and values. It is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes that enable individuals to function effectively in society. Education plays a crucial role in shaping individuals and preparing them for their future roles in society. It provides individuals with the necessary tools to navigate the world, contribute to the economy, and participate in civic life. Education also helps in promoting social mobility and reducing inequalities by providing equal opportunities for all individuals to succeed and thrive.

The system by which members of a society trace kinship over generations is called descent. This refers to the practice of identifying and recognizing one's ancestors and their lineage. It involves tracing family connections and understanding the relationships between individuals within a society based on their shared ancestry. Descent is an important aspect of social organization and plays a significant role in determining kinship ties, inheritance rights, and social status within many cultures around the world.

Formal instruction under the direction of specially trained instructors is known as schooling. This term refers to the organized and structured educational process that takes place in schools, where students receive knowledge, skills, and guidance from qualified teachers. Schooling is a systematic approach to education that aims to provide students with a comprehensive and standardized curriculum, ensuring that they acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to succeed academically.

Giving money to teachers whose students do better is called bonus incentives. Vouchers, on the other hand, are a form of payment or subsidy given to parents or students to cover the cost of education at a private school of their choice. While both concepts involve monetary rewards, they serve different purposes and target different beneficiaries.

The norm of homogamy refers to the tendency of individuals to choose partners who are similar to themselves in terms of characteristics such as age, education, social status, and ethnicity. This norm suggests that people are more likely to form relationships and marry individuals who share similar backgrounds, values, and interests. This preference for similarity can contribute to the formation of stable and harmonious relationships, as individuals with similar backgrounds are more likely to have shared experiences and understand each other better.