Exam 2 Medsurg Renal

2.

. Which of the following is a major risk factor associated with peritoneal dialysis?

Fluid retention.
All of these are concerns in PD.
Hyperglycemia and increased triglyceride levels.
Protein Losses (may need extra protein)
Peritonitis and catheter infection

Correct Answer

A. All of these are concerns in PD.

Explanation

All of these are concerns in PD because peritoneal dialysis is a procedure that involves the insertion of a catheter into the peritoneal cavity, which can increase the risk of infection. Additionally, peritoneal dialysis can lead to fluid retention, hyperglycemia, increased triglyceride levels, and protein losses. Therefore, all of these factors are major risk factors associated with peritoneal dialysis.

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3.

In a patient with stage 2-4 renal disease, what types of foods add to their uremic symptoms?

Protein
Electrolytes
Lipids.
Carbohydrates

Correct Answer

A. Protein

Explanation

In patients with stage 2-4 renal disease, consuming high amounts of protein can worsen their uremic symptoms. This is because the kidneys are not able to effectively filter and remove the waste products of protein metabolism, leading to a buildup of urea and other toxins in the blood. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, and decreased appetite. Therefore, it is important for patients with renal disease to limit their protein intake to manage their symptoms and maintain kidney function.

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4.

Your elderly patient presents with delirium. What is your concern in terms of renal function?

Delirium is associated with ESRD in the elderly.
Elderly patients require a MAP of 50-55 to maintain renal perfusion
Delirium is often the presenting sign of UTI in the elderly.
Delirium almost always necessitates that the patient be catheterized to prevent incontinence.

Correct Answer

A. Delirium is often the presenting sign of UTI in the elderly.

Explanation

Delirium is often the presenting sign of UTI in the elderly. This means that when an elderly patient presents with delirium, it is important to consider the possibility of a urinary tract infection (UTI) as the cause. UTIs are common in the elderly population and can present with atypical symptoms such as confusion or delirium. Therefore, it is crucial to assess renal function and consider the possibility of a UTI when managing delirium in elderly patients.

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5.

Which laboratory abnormalities will you see in Chronic Kidney Disease (the patient is not on dialysis)? Choose all that apply.

Increased hematocrit and hemoglobin
Decreased potassium
Metabolic alkalosis
Increased potassium
Decreased phosphorous
Metabolic acidosis
Decreased calcium
Decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin Increased calcium
Increased calcium

Correct Answer(s)

A. Increased hematocrit and hemoglobin
A. Increased potassium
A. Metabolic acidosis
A. Decreased calcium
A. Decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin Increased calcium

Explanation

In Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), there is a decrease in the filtration function of the kidneys, leading to the retention of waste products and electrolyte imbalances. Increased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels occur due to the kidneys' reduced ability to produce erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. Increased potassium levels result from impaired renal excretion. Metabolic acidosis occurs due to the kidneys' inability to excrete acid effectively. Decreased calcium levels occur because the kidneys are unable to activate vitamin D, leading to decreased absorption of calcium from the intestines. Decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels can also occur due to anemia associated with CKD. Increased calcium levels are not typically seen in CKD.

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6.

Post renal transplantation what medication is critical for the patient to get daily?

Immunostimulants.
Immunosuppressive medications.
Ace inhibitors
Glycogen.

Correct Answer

A. Immunosuppressive medications.

Explanation

After renal transplantation, the patient's immune system needs to be suppressed in order to prevent rejection of the transplanted kidney. Immunosuppressive medications are crucial in achieving this goal. These medications help to suppress the immune response and prevent the immune system from attacking the transplanted kidney. By taking immunosuppressive medications daily, the patient can ensure that their immune system remains suppressed, allowing the transplanted kidney to function properly. Therefore, immunosuppressive medications are critical for post-renal transplantation patients.

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7.

Which conditions place a patient at higher risk for developing CKD? (choose all that apply).

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Recurrent urinary tract infections including pyelonephritis
Hypertension
Appendicitis
Acute renal failure
DM (with uncontrolled glucoses)
Glomerular Nephritis

Correct Answer(s)

A. Recurrent urinary tract infections including pyelonephritis
A. Hypertension
A. Acute renal failure
A. DM (with uncontrolled glucoses)
A. Glomerular Nephritis

Explanation

The conditions that place a patient at higher risk for developing CKD are recurrent urinary tract infections including pyelonephritis, hypertension, acute renal failure, DM (with uncontrolled glucoses), and glomerular nephritis. These conditions can all contribute to kidney damage and impair kidney function, leading to the development of CKD.

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8.

Which of the following will be restricted in stages 4-5 (ESRD) patients?

Glucose, fluids, magnesium and calcium.
Fluid, sodium, calcium and glucose.
There are no restrictions at this phase of renal disease.
Protein, fluids, K+, Phosphorous.

Correct Answer

A. Protein, fluids, K+, Phosphorous.

Explanation

In stages 4-5 (ESRD) patients, the kidneys are significantly damaged and are unable to function properly. As a result, certain substances need to be restricted in the diet to prevent further damage and complications. Protein needs to be restricted because the kidneys are unable to effectively remove waste products from protein metabolism. Fluids need to be restricted to prevent fluid overload and swelling. Potassium (K+) needs to be restricted because the kidneys cannot properly regulate potassium levels in the blood. Phosphorous needs to be restricted because the kidneys are unable to excrete excess phosphorous, leading to imbalances in calcium and phosphorous levels.

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9.

Your book describes increased urinary output as a likely finding in the patient post transplant. What is the physiologic reason for this?

This is often due to a drop in antidiuretic hormone post transplant
Immunosuppressive medications have a side effect of diures
This may be an early sign of rejection, treat it with concern.
The kidneys have improved clearance of BUN, which acts as an osmotic diuretic.

Correct Answer

A. The kidneys have improved clearance of BUN, which acts as an osmotic diuretic.

Explanation

After a kidney transplant, the transplanted kidney is able to function more efficiently and has improved clearance of waste products such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN). BUN acts as an osmotic diuretic, meaning it increases urine production by drawing water into the urine. Therefore, increased urinary output is a likely finding post transplant due to the improved clearance of BUN by the transplanted kidney.

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10.

The major purpose of dialysis in ESRD is to

Correct renal dysfunction.
Remove protein from the blood.
Remove drugs from the blood.
Correct imbalances of fluid, electrolytes and acid-base

Correct Answer

A. Correct imbalances of fluid, electrolytes and acid-base

Explanation

Dialysis is a medical procedure used to treat End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), which is a condition where the kidneys are no longer able to function properly. The major purpose of dialysis in ESRD is to correct imbalances of fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base in the body. When the kidneys are not functioning properly, these imbalances can occur, leading to complications and potential organ damage. Dialysis helps to remove excess fluid, electrolytes, and waste products from the blood, restoring the balance and preventing further complications. It does not specifically correct renal dysfunction, remove protein from the blood, or remove drugs from the blood.

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11.

Which of the following patients will have a fluid restriction?

The patient with stage 1 renal failure.
The patient with a UTI.
The patient with glomerulonephritis.
The patient who is going to be a transplant donor.

Correct Answer

A. The patient with glomerulonephritis.

Explanation

Patients with glomerulonephritis may require fluid restriction because this condition affects the kidneys' ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the body. Fluid restriction helps to reduce the workload on the kidneys and prevent further damage. Patients with stage 1 renal failure may not require fluid restriction as their kidney function is still relatively normal. The patient with a UTI and the patient who is going to be a transplant donor may not necessarily require fluid restriction as their conditions may not directly affect kidney function.

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Exam 2 Medsurg Renal

In a patient on dialysis what should be monitored?

Quiz Preview

. Which of the following is a major risk factor associated with peritoneal dialysis?

In a patient with stage 2-4 renal disease, what types of foods add to their uremic symptoms?

Your elderly patient presents with delirium. What is your concern in terms of renal function?

Which laboratory abnormalities will you see in Chronic Kidney Disease (the patient is not on dialysis)? Choose all that apply.

Post renal transplantation what medication is critical for the patient to get daily?

Which conditions place a patient at higher risk for developing CKD? (choose all that apply).

Which of the following will be restricted in stages 4-5 (ESRD) patients?

Your book describes increased urinary output as a likely finding in the patient post transplant. What is the physiologic reason for this?

The major purpose of dialysis in ESRD is to

Which of the following patients will have a fluid restriction?