End Of Coastal Unit Exam Prep

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1/65 Questions

Choose the most complete answer to this statement. Geologists like Dr. Pilkey define a beach as:
- A beach is any area of shoreline affected by winds or water.
- A beach is any area of shoreline affected by ordinary waves that includes the nearshore sand bar and berm.
- A beach is an area of the shoreline that includes the berm and is affected by ordinary waves.
- A beach is only the large area near the berm of the shoreline affected by ordinary waves.

About This Quiz

This quiz prepares students for an exam on coastal environments, covering zones like intertidal and subtidal, and definitions relevant to coastal geology.

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2.

How does water level affect organisms in the subtidal zone?
- Organisms need to be able to breathe water or hold their breath for long periods of time.
- Organisms need to adapt to alternating between being exposed or submerged.
- Organisms need to adapt to alternating between breathing or being submerged.
- Organisms need to adapt to alternating between being submerged or holding their breath for long periods of time.
Correct Answer

A. Organisms need to be able to breathe water or hold their breath for long periods of time.

Explanation

The correct answer states that organisms in the subtidal zone need to be able to breathe water or hold their breath for long periods of time. This is because the water level in the subtidal zone can fluctuate, with organisms being submerged at times and exposed to air at other times. Therefore, they need to be able to adapt to these changes in order to survive.

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3.

IDENTIFY: The two major currents that affect North Carolina's climate.
- Laborador/Virginia and the Gulf Stream currents
- Gulf of Mexico and Laborador/Virginia currents
- Canadian and Gulf of Mexico currents
- Coast of Greenland and Gulf Stream currents
- Between the swash zone (shoreface where waves break) and the dune
Correct Answer

A. Laborador/Virginia and the Gulf Stream currents

Explanation

The correct answer is Laborador/Virginia and the Gulf Stream currents. These two major currents have a significant impact on North Carolina's climate. The Laborador/Virginia current is a cold current that flows southward along the coast, bringing cooler temperatures to the region. The Gulf Stream current, on the other hand, is a warm current that flows northward along the coast, bringing warmer temperatures. The interaction between these two currents creates a dynamic climate in North Carolina, with variations in temperature and weather patterns.

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4.

Choose the best definition of a barrier island.
- A Barrier Island is a long, narrow body of sand separated from the mainland by a sound and from other islands by inlets at both ends.
- A Barrier Island is a short, wide body of sand separated from the mainland by a sound and from other islands by inlets at both ends.
- A Barrier Island is a long, narrow body of sand separated from other islands by a sound.
- A Barrier Island is a body of sand separated from the mainland by an inlet.
Correct Answer

A. A Barrier Island is a long, narrow body of sand separated from the mainland by a sound and from other islands by inlets at both ends.

Explanation

A barrier island is a specific type of landform characterized by its long and narrow shape, consisting of sand. It is distinct from the mainland by a sound, which is a body of water, and is also separated from other islands by inlets located at both ends. This definition highlights the key features and characteristics of a barrier island, emphasizing its shape, composition, and geographical separation from the mainland and other islands.

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5.

Why are estuaries considered brackish?
- Estuary waters are a mixture of tidewater and longshore current.
- Estuary waters are a mixture of soundwater and ocean water.
- Estuary waters are a mixture of soundwater and littoral drift.
- Estuary waters are a mixture of fresh and salt water.
Correct Answer

A. Estuary waters are a mixture of fresh and salt water.

Explanation

Estuaries are considered brackish because they are a mixture of fresh and salt water. This occurs when freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with saltwater from the ocean. The combination of these two types of water creates a unique environment with varying salinity levels. The mixing of fresh and salt water in estuaries creates a brackish water condition, which is less salty than seawater but more salty than freshwater. This unique blend of water in estuaries supports a diverse range of plant and animal species that are adapted to thrive in this brackish environment.

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6.

The kind of sediment deposited in shoreline habitats depends on:
- Estuary deposits
- Tidal amplitude
- Water turbulence
- Coastal plain migration
Correct Answer

A. Water turbulence

Explanation

Water turbulence refers to the movement and agitation of water caused by various factors such as waves, currents, and wind. In shoreline habitats, water turbulence plays a crucial role in determining the type of sediment that is deposited. High turbulence can result in the deposition of coarse sediments such as sand and gravel, while low turbulence allows for the settling of finer sediments like silt and clay. Therefore, the kind of sediment deposited in shoreline habitats is influenced by the level of water turbulence present in the area.

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7.

What is a berm and where is it found?
- The back dune end of the supratidal zone
- The movement of sand offshore during a storm
- The supratidal ledge of sand at the high tide line
- The edge of the swash (shoreface where waves break) zone
Correct Answer

A. The supratidal ledge of sand at the high tide line

Explanation

A berm is a supratidal ledge of sand that is found at the high tide line. It is a raised area of sand that is formed by the accumulation of sediment brought in by waves and tides. This feature can be found along coastlines and beaches where the high tide reaches. The berm acts as a natural barrier against erosion and helps to protect the land behind it from the impact of waves and storms.

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8.

What is the average salinity of the ocean?
- 35 ppt
- 55 ppt
- 15 ppt
- 25 ppt
Correct Answer

A. 35 ppt

Explanation

The average salinity of the ocean is 35 ppt. Salinity refers to the concentration of dissolved salts in water. The average salinity of the ocean is determined by factors such as evaporation, precipitation, and the input of freshwater from rivers. A salinity of 35 ppt means that for every 1,000 grams of seawater, there are 35 grams of dissolved salts. This level of salinity is considered typical for the world's oceans.

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9.

What kind of sediment settle in the sound?
- Fine silt
- Loam
- Coarse sand
- Clay
Correct Answer

A. Fine silt

Explanation

Fine silt is the correct answer because it is a type of sediment that is known to settle in the sound. Silt particles are smaller than sand particles but larger than clay particles, making them able to settle in water bodies like sounds. Silt is often carried by water and then deposited in areas with lower energy, such as the bottom of a sound. This type of sediment is known for its fine texture and ability to form cohesive layers.

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10.

What kind of sediments settle on the ocean beach?
- Silt
- Gravel
- Coarse sand
- Clay
Correct Answer

A. Coarse sand

Explanation

Coarse sand settles on the ocean beach because it is heavier than silt, gravel, and clay. As waves crash onto the beach, they carry sediments with them. The force of the waves causes the heavier sediments, such as coarse sand, to settle and accumulate on the beach.

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11.

Oxygen is plentiful in the ocean beach habitat because of which three factors:
- Wind coming off the ocean, the presence of water coming in with the tides and in the space between the sand sediment.
- The presence of water coming in with the tides, salt spray and plants.
- The wind coming off the ocean, salt spray and plants.
- The wind coming off the ocean, the presence of water coming in with the tides and plants.
Correct Answer

A. Wind coming off the ocean, the presence of water coming in with the tides and in the space between the sand sediment.

Explanation

The correct answer is wind coming off the ocean, the presence of water coming in with the tides and in the space between the sand sediment. This is because wind coming off the ocean helps to mix the water and increase the oxygen levels. The presence of water coming in with the tides brings fresh oxygenated water into the habitat. Additionally, the space between the sand sediment provides a habitat for organisms that contribute to the oxygen levels in the water.

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12.

Debris and detritus are deposited ___________________
- At the high tide line.
- At the shoreline.
- Along the shoreface.
- In the intertidal zone.
Correct Answer

A. At the high tide line.

Explanation

Debris and detritus are deposited at the high tide line because this is the point where the highest level of the tide reaches during each tidal cycle. As the tide comes in, it brings with it various materials such as seaweed, shells, and other organic matter, which get left behind as the tide recedes. This accumulation of debris and detritus forms a distinct line along the shoreline, marking the highest point reached by the tide.

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13.

Phytoplankton are_______________________
- Free floating microscopic plants that are the basis of the marine food chain.
- Free floating microscopic animals that are the basis of the marine food chain.
- Free floating microscopic scavengers that support the marine food chain.
- Diatoms that cause red tide and are toxic to the marine food chain.
Correct Answer

A. Free floating microscopic plants that are the basis of the marine food chain.

Explanation

Phytoplankton are free floating microscopic plants that are the basis of the marine food chain. They are responsible for producing a large portion of the Earth's oxygen and serve as the primary food source for many marine organisms. Through photosynthesis, they convert sunlight and nutrients into energy, which is then consumed by zooplankton and other larger organisms. Without phytoplankton, the entire marine ecosystem would collapse, as they play a crucial role in supporting the food chain and maintaining the overall health of the oceans.

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14.

Most supratidal animals are ____________ that feed on debris and detritus along the strand line.
- Scavengers
- Decomposers
- Producers
- Herbivores
Correct Answer

A. Scavengers

Explanation

Supratidal animals are those that live above the high tide line. These animals feed on debris and detritus along the strand line, which is the area where the tide deposits organic matter. Scavengers are organisms that feed on dead or decaying organic matter, making them the most suitable option for animals that feed on debris and detritus in the supratidal zone. Decomposers break down organic matter, producers create their own food through photosynthesis, and herbivores eat plants, none of which accurately describe the feeding habits of supratidal animals.

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15.

Strong winds effect the ocean beach habitat. Strong winds (of at least 10 mph) cause fine sand particles to bounce and mound into piles this is called:
- Saltation.
- Transpiration.
- Ocean waves.
- Mineralization.
Correct Answer

A. Saltation.

Explanation

Strong winds can cause the movement of sand particles on the ocean beach, resulting in the formation of piles or mounds. This process is known as saltation. Saltation occurs when the wind picks up the sand particles and propels them into the air, causing them to bounce and collide with each other. As a result, the sand particles accumulate and form piles or mounds. Therefore, saltation is the correct answer to the question.

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16.

Ghost crabs are unique organisms that live in deep tunnels with front and back entrances. They rarely leave their burrow during the day. Though they live in the dunes, the female deposits eggs in the ocean and the young develop there. How do ghost crabs breathe?
- Ghost crabs breathe through gills which must be wet with ocean water daily.
- Once ghost crabs come on land, they breathe air.
- Ghost crabs breathe both air and water because they were born in the ocean and as adults live in the supratidal zone.
- Ghost crabs breathe air only. As young in the ocean they came to the surface for air and continued to do so when moving to the supratidal zone.
Correct Answer

A. Ghost crabs breathe through gills which must be wet with ocean water daily.

Explanation

Ghost crabs breathe through gills which must be wet with ocean water daily. This is because they live in deep tunnels with front and back entrances and rarely leave their burrow during the day. While they live in the dunes, the female deposits eggs in the ocean and the young develop there. Once the ghost crabs come on land, they breathe air. However, as young in the ocean, they come to the surface for air and continue to do so when moving to the supratidal zone. Therefore, the ghost crabs breathe through gills that need to be wet with ocean water daily.

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17.

The action of ____________________ sweeps larger shell particles and sand across the substrate surface, sometimes causing abrasions or burying plants and animals.
- Waves
- Tides
- Longshore current
- Winds
Correct Answer

A. Waves

Explanation

Waves have the ability to sweep larger shell particles and sand across the substrate surface. This action can sometimes result in abrasions or burying of plants and animals. Waves are generated by wind blowing across the surface of the water and can vary in size and strength depending on factors such as wind speed and duration.

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18.

Identify the event shown in the image.
- Birth of an inlet
- Nor'easter wind tide
- Formation of a tidal delta
- Spring tide
Correct Answer

A. Birth of an inlet

Explanation

The event shown in the image is the "Birth of an inlet." This term refers to the formation of a new waterway or channel that connects a body of water, such as a bay or lagoon, to the ocean. It typically occurs when natural forces, such as erosion or the movement of sediment, create a breach in a barrier beach or sandbar, allowing water to flow in and create a new inlet. The image likely depicts this process, showing the initial stages of the formation of a new inlet.

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19.

Identify the season beach change shown in the diagram below:
- Spring
- Summer
- Winter
- Fall
Correct Answer

A. Summer

Explanation

The diagram is showing a beach scene with sunny weather, clear blue water, and people in swimwear. These are typical characteristics of summer, as it is the season associated with warm temperatures and beach activities.

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20.

How deep/thick are Barrier Islands?
- 30 - 60 feet
- 10 - 20 feet
- 20 - 40 feet
- 40 - 70 feet
Correct Answer

A. 30 - 60 feet

Explanation

Barrier Islands are typically characterized by their relatively low elevation and narrow width. They are formed by the accumulation of sand and sediment along the coast, creating a barrier between the ocean and the mainland. The depth or thickness of Barrier Islands can vary, but on average, they are around 30-60 feet deep or thick. This depth allows them to provide protection against storm surges and erosion while also allowing for the movement of water and sand.

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21.

Identify this hard stabilization image and what occurs as a result of its presence:
- It is a seawall. As as result of its presence, wave energy is redirected which enhances the erosion of both the front and sides of the wall.
- It is a groin. As as result of its presence, wave energy is redirected which enhances the erosion of the front of the wall.
- It is a jetty. As as result of its presence, wave energy is redirected which enhances the erosion of the front of the wall.
- It is a breakwater.
- Littoral current.
Correct Answer

A. It is a seawall. As as result of its presence, wave energy is redirected which enhances the erosion of both the front and sides of the wall.

Explanation

A seawall is a hard stabilization structure that is built along the shoreline to protect land from erosion caused by waves. Its presence redirects wave energy, but it also leads to enhanced erosion of both the front and sides of the wall.

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22.

Identify the kind of hard stabilization shown in this photo:
- This kind of hard stabilization is a groin.
- This kind of hard stabilization is a jetty.
- This kind of hard stabilization is a seawall.
- This kind of hard stabilization is a breakwater.
- Littoral current.
Correct Answer

A. This kind of hard stabilization is a groin.

Explanation

A groin is a type of hard stabilization structure that is built perpendicular to the shoreline in order to trap sand and prevent erosion. It is typically made of concrete or rocks and helps to maintain the beach by trapping sediment and preventing longshore drift.

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23.

Identify this structure:
- Seawall
- Jetty
- Groin
- Breakers
Correct Answer

A. Seawall

Explanation

A seawall is a structure built along the shoreline to protect land from erosion caused by waves and currents. It is usually made of concrete or stone and is designed to absorb and dissipate the energy of the waves, preventing them from reaching the land. Seawalls are commonly used in areas with high wave action or where the shoreline is vulnerable to erosion. They provide a barrier between the sea and the land, helping to protect coastal properties and infrastructure from damage.

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24.

What is littoral drift?
- The movement of sand by the long shore current along the shoreline.
- The tidal accumulation of sand parallel to the island.
- The tidal flow of sand into the sound accumulating in a flood tidal delta.
- The tidal movement of sand along the sound side of the island.
Correct Answer

A. The movement of sand by the long shore current along the shoreline.

Explanation

Littoral drift refers to the movement of sand along the shoreline caused by the long shore current. This current runs parallel to the shore and carries sediment, such as sand, in the same direction. As the current moves, it transports sand from one area of the shoreline to another, resulting in the gradual shifting of sand along the coast. This process is an important factor in shaping coastal landforms and can have significant impacts on beaches and coastal erosion.

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25.

Maritime forest is critical to the stabilization of an island because it is efficient at retaining two key growth elements.
- Detritus and Rainfall
- Rainfall and Nutrients
- Nutrients and Salt
- Detritus and Nutrients
Correct Answer

A. Rainfall and Nutrients

Explanation

Maritime forest is critical to the stabilization of an island because it efficiently retains rainfall and nutrients. Rainfall is important for the growth and survival of plants, as it provides them with water. The maritime forest is able to retain rainfall, preventing excessive runoff and allowing the water to slowly seep into the soil, which benefits the plants. Additionally, the forest also retains nutrients, which are essential for plant growth. The decomposition of organic matter, such as detritus, provides nutrients to the soil, and the maritime forest effectively retains these nutrients, ensuring that they are available for the plants to uptake and use for their growth and development.

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26.

The deep root system of American Beach grass and Sea Oats help these plants avoid _________________ & _________________.
- Predators and Evaporation
- Transpiration and Predators
- Dehydration and Evaporation
- Transpiration and Evaporation
Correct Answer

A. Dehydration and Evaporation

Explanation

The deep root system of American Beach grass and Sea Oats helps these plants avoid dehydration by allowing them to access water deep within the soil. Additionally, the deep roots also help in avoiding evaporation of water from the surface, as the water is stored and utilized by the plants effectively.

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27.

What is the effect of salt spray on back dune trees and shrubs?
- Salt spray from wind kills back the tips of the tree and shrub branches causing them to look sheard and grow stunted and twisted.
- Salt spray from wind nourishes the trees and shrubs causing their leaves to grow long and wide.
- Salt spray from wind prevents trees and shrubs from growing on the back dune.
- Dune plants: are evergreen plants with thin, needle like leaves tSalt spray from wind protects the trees and shrubs with a layer of salt covering.hat can tolerate wind, water and salt.
Correct Answer

A. Salt spray from wind kills back the tips of the tree and shrub branches causing them to look sheard and grow stunted and twisted.

Explanation

Salt spray from wind kills back the tips of the tree and shrub branches causing them to look sheared and grow stunted and twisted. This is because the salt in the spray can dehydrate the plants and disrupt their normal growth and development. The salt can also accumulate on the leaves and branches, further damaging them. As a result, the trees and shrubs in back dunes are unable to grow properly and may have a distorted appearance.

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28.

Identify the three major forces that effects the row of dunes nearest the ocean:
- Strong winds, whipping sands, glaring sun.
- Strong winds, waves, and whipping sand.
- Strong waves, glaring sun and whipping sands.
Correct Answer

A. Strong winds, whipping sands, glaring sun.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Strong winds, whipping sands, glaring sun." These three factors have a significant impact on the formation and maintenance of dunes near the ocean. Strong winds carry and deposit sand particles, shaping the dunes over time. The whipping sands contribute to the erosion and movement of the dunes. The glaring sun intensifies the process by drying out the sand and creating a harsh environment for vegetation to grow. Overall, these forces work together to shape and change the row of dunes closest to the ocean.

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29.

What is surface creep?
- Surface creep occurs when saltating grains of sand strike heavier grains larger than one millimeter in diameter causing the heavier grains a slight forward movement along the surface.
- Surface creep occurs when saltating grains of sand strike finer grains smaller than one millimeter in diameter causing the finer grains a slight forward movement along the surface.
- Surface creep occurs when saltating grains of sand strike heavier grains larger than one millimeter in diameter causing the finer grains a slight forward movement along the surface.
- Surface creep occurs when saltating grains of sand strike heavier grains larger than one millimeter in diameter causing the heavier grains to suspend in the air from their movement along the surface.
Correct Answer

A. Surface creep occurs when saltating grains of sand strike heavier grains larger than one millimeter in diameter causing the heavier grains a slight forward movement along the surface.

Explanation

The correct answer is that surface creep occurs when saltating grains of sand strike heavier grains larger than one millimeter in diameter, causing the heavier grains to have a slight forward movement along the surface. This explanation states that the movement is caused by the interaction between the saltating grains and the heavier grains, resulting in the forward motion of the latter.

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30.

What is the "fluid threshold" of saltation?
- Fluid threshold is the wind speed necessary for sand to start saltating under the direct pressure of the wind.
- Fluid threshold is the wind speed necessary to maintain saltation once it has begun
- Fluid threshold is how all the surfaces respond to each other as they move.
- Fluid threshold is wind speeds above 20 mph that occur above the windy side of a dune.
Correct Answer

A. Fluid threshold is the wind speed necessary for sand to start saltating under the direct pressure of the wind.

Explanation

The fluid threshold of saltation refers to the wind speed required for sand to begin saltating, or bouncing and hopping along the ground, under the direct force of the wind. It signifies the minimum wind speed needed to initiate this process and is an important factor in understanding the movement of sand particles in windy environments.

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31.

What makes sand accumulate into piles rather than spread out evenly over an area?
- Sand tends to accumulate any place where there is a sufficient reduction of wind energy in the direction that sand drifts in and any obstacle, such as a rock outcrop or a stand of vegetation, forces sand accumulation by lowering the wind speed.
- Sand tends to accumulate any place where there is a abundant wind velocity in the direction that sand drifts in and any obstacle, such as a rock outcrop or a stand of vegetation, forces sand accumulation by lowering the wind speed.
- Sand tends to accumulate any place where there is a sufficient reduction of sand in the sand drifts in and any obstacle, such as a rock outcrop or a stand of vegetation, forces sand accumulation by sustaining the wind speed.
- Sand tends to accumulate any place where there is a sufficient reduction of sand in the sand drifts in and any obstacle, such as a rock outcrop or a stand of vegetation, forces sand accumulation by lowering the wind speed.
Correct Answer

A. Sand tends to accumulate any place where there is a sufficient reduction of wind energy in the direction that sand drifts in and any obstacle, such as a rock outcrop or a stand of vegetation, forces sand accumulation by lowering the wind speed.

Explanation

Sand tends to accumulate into piles rather than spread out evenly over an area because when there is a sufficient reduction of wind energy in the direction that sand drifts in, and there are obstacles such as rock outcrops or vegetation, the wind speed is lowered. This reduction in wind speed allows the sand particles to settle and accumulate in these areas, forming piles.

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32.

Identify the sand movement in the diagram in the order of these numbers:#1 _______________, #2 ______________, #3 ______________
- #1 suspension, #2 saltation, #3 creep
- #1 saltation, #2 suspension, #3 creep
- #1 suspension, #2 saltation, #3 impact threshold
- #1 fluid threshold, #2 saltation, #3 impact threshold
Correct Answer

A. #1 suspension, #2 saltation, #3 creep
33.

Spartina alterniflora (marsh cordgrass) is the most abundant and ecologically most important large plant of the marsh. What makes it so important?
- Salt tolerant
- Grows quickly
- Predator tolerant
- Wind and wave tolerant
Correct Answer

A. Salt tolerant

Explanation

Spartina alterniflora, also known as marsh cordgrass, is an important plant in the marsh ecosystem because it is salt tolerant. This means that it can survive and thrive in areas with high levels of salt, such as coastal marshes. Its ability to tolerate salt allows it to outcompete other plants and become the most abundant species in the marsh. This dominance is crucial for maintaining the stability and functioning of the ecosystem.

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34.

Substrate is:
- Bottom material ocean organisms live in or on.
- Bottom material found in the ocean.
- Bottom material organisms live in or on.
- Subtidal nutrients.
Correct Answer

A. Bottom material organisms live in or on.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Bottom material organisms live in or on." This option accurately describes what a substrate is in the context of ocean organisms. A substrate refers to the bottom material where these organisms live, either on the surface or within it. It provides a habitat and support for various marine life forms.

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35.

Match the location where the intertidal zone is found.
- The intertidal zone is between the high and low tide lines.
- The intertidal zone is above the high tide line.
- The intertidal zone is below the high tide line.
- The intertidal zone is between the sand bar and the berm.
- The intertidal zone is between the swash zone (shoreface where waves break) and the dune.
Correct Answer

A. The intertidal zone is between the high and low tide lines.

Explanation

The correct answer is the intertidal zone is between the high and low tide lines. This is because the intertidal zone is the area of shoreline that is exposed to air at low tide and submerged at high tide. It is the region that is affected by the rise and fall of the tides, and is characterized by a wide range of environmental conditions, such as exposure to air, sunlight, and wave action. The high tide line marks the upper boundary of the intertidal zone, while the low tide line marks the lower boundary.

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36.

Match the location where the subtidal zone is found.
- The subtidal zone is between the high and low tide lines.
- The subtidal zone is above the high tide line.
- The subtidal zone is always covered by water, below the low tide water line.
- The subtidal zone is between the sand bar and the berm.
- The subtidal zone is between the swash zone (shoreface where waves break) and the dune.
Correct Answer

A. The subtidal zone is always covered by water, below the low tide water line.

Explanation

The subtidal zone is always covered by water, below the low tide water line. This means that even during low tide, the subtidal zone remains submerged. It is the area that is consistently underwater, regardless of the tide level.

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37.

Match the location where the supratidal zone is found.
- The supratidal zone is between the high and low tide lines
- The supratidal zone is above the high tide line.
- The supratidal zone is below the high tide line.
- The supratidal zone is between the sand bar and the berm.
- The supratidal zone is between the swash zone (shoreface where waves break) and the dune.
Correct Answer

A. The supratidal zone is above the high tide line.

Explanation

The supratidal zone refers to the area above the high tide line. This means that it is the portion of the shore that is not submerged by the regular tides. It is the highest part of the intertidal zone and is only exposed to water during extreme high tides or storm surges. This zone is influenced by the spray of ocean waves and is characterized by the presence of salt-tolerant plants and animals that are adapted to survive in this harsh environment.

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38.

What causes shoreline habitats to have extremes in water temperature?
- Longshore current
- Currents and tides
- Distance from shore and waves
- Currents and gravitational pull of the moon
Correct Answer

A. Currents and tides

Explanation

Currents and tides cause shoreline habitats to have extremes in water temperature. Currents refer to the movement of water, which can transport warm or cold water to the shoreline, resulting in temperature fluctuations. Tides, on the other hand, are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon, which can also bring in different temperatures of water to the shore. Both currents and tides play a significant role in influencing the water temperature in shoreline habitats.

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39.

What is the difference between scavengers and decomposers?
- When an organism dies, scavengers consume much of the organic debris, particularly animal debris. Decomposers are bacteria and fungi that complete the final step in the food web.
- When an organism dies, decomposers scavenge the remains, there is no difference between decomposers and scavengers.
- When an organism dies scavengers consisting of bacteria and fungi complete the process in the food web.
- Both are detrital. When an organism dies uneaten debris is broken down by wave action, wind, heat, forming detritus
Correct Answer

A. When an organism dies, scavengers consume much of the organic debris, particularly animal debris. Decomposers are bacteria and fungi that complete the final step in the food web.

Explanation

Scavengers and decomposers play different roles in the process of breaking down organic matter after an organism dies. Scavengers, such as vultures or hyenas, directly consume the organic debris, especially animal remains. They help to remove and recycle the dead animal material. On the other hand, decomposers, which are bacteria and fungi, break down the remaining organic matter into simpler substances through the process of decomposition. They play a crucial role in the final step of the food web by breaking down complex organic compounds into nutrients that can be absorbed by plants and other organisms.

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40.

What is the original source of energy for the entire seashore community?
- The original source of energy is the sun.
- The original source of energy is the ocean.
- The original source of energy are the producers.
- The original source of energy is the moon and tides.
Correct Answer

A. The original source of energy is the sun.

Explanation

The sun is the original source of energy for the entire seashore community. It provides sunlight, which is essential for photosynthesis in plants and algae, the primary producers in the ecosystem. These producers convert sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis, which is then transferred to other organisms in the food chain. The sun's energy also drives weather patterns, ocean currents, and the water cycle, all of which are vital for the functioning of the seashore community.

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41.

Identify the six key environmental factors that affect shoreline habitat:
- Six key shoreline environmental factors: climate, water level, salinity, water temperature, air temperature and substrate.
- Six key shoreline environmental factors: currents, water level, salinity, water temperature, air temperature and substrate.
- Six key shoreline environmental factors: climate, tides, salinity, water temperature, air temperature and substrate.
- Six key shoreline environmental factors: climate, water level, salinity, water temperature, air temperature and sand supply.
Correct Answer

A. Six key shoreline environmental factors: climate, water level, salinity, water temperature, air temperature and substrate.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Six key shoreline environmental factors: climate, water level, salinity, water temperature, air temperature and substrate." This answer includes all the key factors that affect shoreline habitat, such as the climate, water level, salinity, water temperature, air temperature, and substrate. These factors play a crucial role in shaping the characteristics and biodiversity of shoreline ecosystems.

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42.

How is energy passed through the community?
- Energy is passed through the community through feeding relationships.
- Energy is passed through the community as organisms move about their habitat.
- Energy is passed through the community through organism decomposition.
- Energy is passed through the community as organisms breed and grow.
Correct Answer

A. Energy is passed through the community through feeding relationships.

Explanation

Energy is passed through the community through feeding relationships. This means that energy flows from one organism to another as they consume each other. Producers, such as plants, capture energy from the sun and convert it into food through photosynthesis. Herbivores then eat the plants, gaining energy from them. Carnivores, in turn, eat the herbivores, transferring energy further up the food chain. This process continues as energy is passed from one organism to another, ultimately sustaining the entire community.

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43.

Why does air temperature change more quickly than water temperature?
- Water has a high specific heat causing it to take much energy for water to change 1º in temperature change. Air is less dense due to the movement of gas molecules.
- Water has a low specific heat causing it to use much energy for water to change 1º in temperature change. Air is less dense than water.
- Water has a high specific heat causing it to use much energy for water to change 1º in temperature change. Air is more dense than water due to the abundance of gas particles in air.
- Water has a low specific heat causing it to use much energy for water to change 1º in temperature change. Air is more dense than water due to all the gas particles in air.
Correct Answer

A. Water has a high specific heat causing it to take much energy for water to change 1º in temperature change. Air is less dense due to the movement of gas molecules.

Explanation

Water has a high specific heat, meaning it requires a large amount of energy to raise or lower its temperature. On the other hand, air has a lower specific heat and can change temperature more quickly with less energy input. Additionally, air is less dense than water due to the movement of gas molecules, which allows for faster temperature changes.

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44.

Intertidal beach life is nourished largely by _______________ brought in by ____________.
- Plankton, tides.
- Zooplankton, waves.
- Phytoplankton, waves.
- Plankton, waves.
Correct Answer

A. Plankton, tides.

Explanation

The correct answer is "plankton, tides." Intertidal beach life is nourished largely by plankton, which are tiny organisms that float in the water. Plankton serve as a food source for many organisms living in the intertidal zone. Tides, which are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, bring in fresh water and nutrients that help support the growth and abundance of plankton. Therefore, the tides play a crucial role in providing the necessary nourishment for intertidal beach life.

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45.

Tides- the twice daily high and low flow of water onto and into a low lying shore area caused by the:
- Moon and sun’s gravitational pull on Earth.
- Earth's rotation and its gravitational pull.
- Sun’s gravitational pull on Earth.
- The oceans wave energy.
Correct Answer

A. Moon and sun’s gravitational pull on Earth.

Explanation

The tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun on Earth. The moon's gravitational force is stronger than the sun's, so it has a greater influence on the tides. As the moon orbits around Earth, it creates a bulge of water on the side of Earth facing the moon, causing a high tide. At the same time, there is another high tide on the opposite side of Earth due to the centrifugal force caused by Earth's rotation. This results in two high tides and two low tides every day. The sun also contributes to the tides, although its effect is less significant compared to the moon.

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46.

Some gastropods have a radula to assist with feeding. What is a radula and what does it do?
- A radula is mouth device that looks like spiked tooth-like strap used to drill into a pelecypod (bivalve) which is its prey.
- A radula is a large muscular foot used to pry open the shell of a pelecypod (bivalve) which is its prey.
- A radula is a spiked foot like belt that wedges into a pelecypod (bivalve) which is its prey.
- A radula is a chemosensitive mouth device that is used to poison a pelecypod (bivalve) which is its prey.
Correct Answer

A. A radula is mouth device that looks like spiked tooth-like strap used to drill into a pelecypod (bivalve) which is its prey.
47.

Elevation and slope of the coastal habitats land determine:
- How far the tidal zones extend in a habitat.
- How far the longshore current moves sand.
- How far the overwash fan stretches into the sound.
- How far the littoral drift carries and deposits sand.
Correct Answer

A. How far the tidal zones extend in a habitat.

Explanation

The elevation and slope of coastal habitats play a crucial role in determining how far the tidal zones extend in a habitat. Tidal zones are the areas that are affected by the rise and fall of tides, and their extent is influenced by the topography of the land. Higher elevations and steeper slopes can limit the reach of the tides, resulting in a smaller tidal zone. Conversely, lower elevations and gentler slopes allow the tides to penetrate further inland, expanding the tidal zone. Therefore, the elevation and slope of coastal habitats directly impact the extent of the tidal zones in a habitat.

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48.

On the NC coast the tidal range is between ____ and ____ meters, depending on the general location of the shoreline.
- 0.6 and 1.3 meters
- 0.1 and 2.0 meters
- .01 and .002 meters
- .5 and 2.0 meters
Correct Answer

A. 0.6 and 1.3 meters

Explanation

The tidal range on the NC coast can vary depending on the general location of the shoreline. It can range between 0.6 and 1.3 meters.

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49.

Identify each of the seven barrier island coastal habitats in order from 1-7:
- Ocean, Ocean Beach, Sand Dune, Maritime Forest, Salt Marsh, Sound, Tidal Flat.
- Ocean, Ocean Beach, Sand Dune, Maritime Forest, Salt Marsh, Sound, Rock Jetty.
- Ocean Beach, Ocean, Sand Dune, Maritime Forest, Salt Marsh, Sound, Tidal Flat.
- Ocean, Longshore Current, Sand Dune, Maritime Forest, Salt Marsh, Sound, Tidal Flat.
Correct Answer

A. Ocean, Ocean Beach, Sand Dune, Maritime Forest, Salt Marsh, Sound, Tidal Flat.

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End Of Coastal Unit Exam Prep

Choose the most complete answer to this statement. Geologists like Dr. Pilkey define a beach as:

Quiz Preview

How does water level affect organisms in the subtidal zone?

IDENTIFY: The two major currents that affect North Carolina's climate.

Choose the best definition of a barrier island.

Why are estuaries considered brackish?

The kind of sediment deposited in shoreline habitats depends on:

What is a berm and where is it found?

What is the average salinity of the ocean?

What kind of sediment settle in the sound?

What kind of sediments settle on the ocean beach?

Oxygen is plentiful in the ocean beach habitat because of which three factors:

Debris and detritus are deposited ___________________

Phytoplankton are_______________________

Most supratidal animals are ____________ that feed on debris and detritus along the strand line.

Strong winds effect the ocean beach habitat. Strong winds (of at least 10 mph) cause fine sand particles to bounce and mound into piles this is called:

Ghost crabs are unique organisms that live in deep tunnels with front and back entrances. They rarely leave their burrow during the day. Though they live in the dunes, the female deposits eggs in the ocean and the young develop there. How do ghost crabs breathe?

The action of ____________________ sweeps larger shell particles and sand across the substrate surface, sometimes causing abrasions or burying plants and animals.

Identify the event shown in the image.

Identify the season beach change shown in the diagram below:

How deep/thick are Barrier Islands?

Identify this hard stabilization image and what occurs as a result of its presence:

Identify the kind of hard stabilization shown in this photo:

Identify this structure:

What is littoral drift?

Maritime forest is critical to the stabilization of an island because it is efficient at retaining two key growth elements.

The deep root system of American Beach grass and Sea Oats help these plants avoid _________________ & _________________.

What is the effect of salt spray on back dune trees and shrubs?

Identify the three major forces that effects the row of dunes nearest the ocean:

What is surface creep?

What is the "fluid threshold" of saltation?

What makes sand accumulate into piles rather than spread out evenly over an area?

Identify the sand movement in the diagram in the order of these numbers:#1 _______________, #2 ______________, #3 ______________

Spartina alterniflora (marsh cordgrass) is the most abundant and ecologically most important large plant of the marsh. What makes it so important?

Substrate is:

Match the location where the intertidal zone is found.

Match the location where the subtidal zone is found.

Match the location where the supratidal zone is found.

What causes shoreline habitats to have extremes in water temperature?

What is the difference between scavengers and decomposers?

What is the original source of energy for the entire seashore community?

Identify the six key environmental factors that affect shoreline habitat:

How is energy passed through the community?

Why does air temperature change more quickly than water temperature?

Intertidal beach life is nourished largely by _______________ brought in by ____________.

Tides- the twice daily high and low flow of water onto and into a low lying shore area caused by the:

Some gastropods have a radula to assist with feeding. What is a radula and what does it do?

Elevation and slope of the coastal habitats land determine:

On the NC coast the tidal range is between ____ and ____ meters, depending on the general location of the shoreline.

Identify each of the seven barrier island coastal habitats in order from 1-7:

The deep root system of American Beach grass and Sea Oats help these plants avoid _ & _.

Identify the sand movement in the diagram in the order of these numbers:#1 _, #2 , #3 __

Intertidal beach life is nourished largely by ___ brought in by .

On the NC coast the tidal range is between and meters, depending on the general location of the shoreline.