Infection Control Microrganisms Quiz

Bacteria and viruses can enter the body through broken skin because it provides a direct pathway for these microorganisms to invade the body's tissues and bloodstream. When the skin is broken, whether it is due to a cut, scrape, or any other type of injury, it creates an opening that allows bacteria and viruses to bypass the body's natural defense mechanisms and enter the bloodstream. This can lead to infections and other health complications.

Pathogenic bacteria are known for causing diseases in humans, animals, and plants. They have the ability to invade and multiply within the host's body, leading to various infections and illnesses. This is in contrast to non-pathogenic bacteria, which do not cause any harm or disease. Protozoa are single-celled organisms that can cause diseases, but they are not specifically referred to as bacteria. Saprophytes, on the other hand, are organisms that obtain nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter and do not cause diseases. Therefore, the correct answer is pathogenic.

AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV attacks the immune system and weakens it over time, making the body vulnerable to various infections and diseases. The herpes virus, contaminated food, and poor personal hygiene are not direct causes of AIDS. HIV is the virus that specifically targets and damages the immune system, leading to the development of AIDS.

Pus is a thick, yellowish fluid that is produced as a result of the body's immune response to a bacterial infection. It is composed of dead white blood cells, bacteria, and tissue debris. The presence of pus is a clear indication that there is an ongoing bacterial infection in the body. It is commonly seen in conditions such as abscesses, infected wounds, and certain types of bacterial skin infections. Therefore, pus is a reliable sign of a bacterial infection.

Hepatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the liver. It is commonly caused by a bloodborne virus, such as hepatitis A, B, or C. The virus enters the body through contaminated blood or bodily fluids and attacks the liver, leading to inflammation and damage to liver cells. This can result in various symptoms, including fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain, and liver dysfunction. Therefore, the correct answer is liver.

The HIV virus is not transmitted through kissing or hugging because it is primarily spread through direct contact with certain body fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Kissing and hugging do not involve the exchange of these fluids, making it a low-risk activity for HIV transmission. However, it is important to note that open mouth kissing with an HIV-positive person who has bleeding gums or sores in the mouth could potentially pose a risk. Therefore, it is always advisable to practice safe behaviors and get tested regularly to prevent the spread of HIV.

AIDS is the correct answer because it is a disease that weakens and destroys the body's immune system. It is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and can lead to severe illness and opportunistic infections.

Surgeons and dentists are required to practice sterilization with their tools. This is because sterilization is the process of killing or removing all forms of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, from an object or surface. It is crucial in healthcare settings to prevent the transmission of infections and maintain a sterile environment. Sterilization ensures that the tools used by surgeons and dentists are free from any potential pathogens, reducing the risk of infections in patients.

Bacteria are one-celled microorganisms commonly known as germs or microbes. They are prokaryotic organisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and the human body. Unlike viruses, which are acellular and require a host to reproduce, bacteria are independent and can reproduce on their own. Fungi, on the other hand, are eukaryotic organisms that include molds and yeasts. Cilia are not microorganisms but are hair-like structures found on the surface of certain cells.

Disinfectants are too strong to use on skin, hair, or nails because they can cause irritation, dryness, and damage to these delicate areas. Disinfectants are primarily designed to kill germs and bacteria on hard surfaces and objects, such as shampoo bowls and manicure implements, but they are not suitable for direct contact with the skin, hair, or nails. Using disinfectants on these areas can strip away natural oils, disrupt the pH balance, and potentially lead to skin or hair problems. It is important to use appropriate products that are specifically formulated for skin, hair, or nail care.

Cotton balls or wipes used in cleaning up a blood spill should be double-bagged before disposing. This is because blood can contain pathogens that may pose a risk of infection if not properly handled. Double-bagging helps to contain the blood and prevent any leakage or contact with other waste. By taking this precaution, the risk of spreading any potential infections or diseases is minimized.

The given answer "contaminated" is correct because it states that surfaces such as tables, walls, doorknobs, or hands, even if they appear clean, are likely to be contaminated. This means that they may have harmful substances or microorganisms present on them, which can pose a risk of infection or illness. Therefore, it is important to regularly clean and disinfect these surfaces to maintain hygiene and prevent the spread of pathogens.

An MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) is a document that provides important information about a product, including its chemical composition, physical and health hazards, safety precautions, and handling instructions. It is used to ensure the safe use, storage, and disposal of the product. Among the options given, storage requirements are a crucial part of an MSDS as they outline the specific conditions and precautions needed to store the product safely, such as temperature, ventilation, and compatibility with other substances. This information helps prevent accidents, spills, and potential harm to individuals and the environment.

OSHA, or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, is the government agency responsible for regulating and enforcing safety and health standards in the workplace. OSHA ensures that employers provide a safe and healthy working environment for employees by setting and enforcing standards, conducting inspections, and providing training and education. This agency plays a crucial role in promoting workplace safety and preventing occupational hazards, ultimately protecting the well-being of workers.

The correct answer is "virucidal." In order for a disinfectant to be considered "Formulated for Hospitals and Health Care Facilities," it must be effective against pseudomonas, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The term "virucidal" specifically refers to the ability of a disinfectant to kill or inactivate viruses. Therefore, a disinfectant must possess this quality to meet the criteria for hospital and healthcare facility use.

The correct answer is to follow the manufacturer's instructions. This is important because the manufacturer provides specific guidelines on how to properly mix and use the disinfectant. Deviating from these instructions can result in an ineffective solution or even potential harm to oneself or others. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully read and adhere to the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

After implements have been disinfected, it is important to store them in a disinfection and covered container. This is because a covered container helps to prevent any contamination or recontamination of the implements, while the disinfection container ensures that the implements remain in a sanitized state until they are ready to be used again. Storing the implements in an open container or wet sanitizer may expose them to bacteria or other contaminants, which can compromise their cleanliness. Keeping them in a station drawer may also not provide adequate protection against contamination.

The correct answer is spirilla. Spirilla are bacteria that have a corkscrew or spiral shape. Staphylococci are spherical bacteria that form clusters, diplococci are spherical bacteria that form pairs, and bacilli are rod-shaped bacteria. Therefore, none of these options have the characteristic shape described in the question.

Mitosis is a process in which bacteria divide. This is a fundamental biological process that allows bacteria to reproduce and increase their population. During mitosis, the genetic material of the bacteria is replicated and then divided equally into two daughter cells. This ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information and can function independently. Therefore, the correct answer is "divide".

Immunity refers to the body's ability to resist or fight against infections. When the body is exposed to pathogens such as bacteria or viruses, the immune system recognizes them as foreign and launches a defense mechanism to eliminate them. This response can involve the production of antibodies, activation of immune cells, and other processes that help to destroy the invading pathogens. Therefore, immunity is directly related to the body's ability to protect itself from infections.

Any item used to perform a salon service on a client must be disinfected or discarded. This is because proper hygiene and sanitation practices are essential in a salon setting to prevent the spread of infections and diseases. Disinfecting the items ensures that they are free from any harmful bacteria or viruses, while discarding them after use eliminates the risk of cross-contamination. Keeping the items or giving them to the client without proper disinfection can pose health risks and is not considered a safe practice in a salon.

The correct answer is streptococci. Streptococci are pus-forming bacteria that can cause strep throat and blood poisoning. They are spherical in shape and usually form chains. Other options such as bacilli, staphylococci, and diplococci are different types of bacteria but are not specifically associated with strep throat and blood poisoning.

The correct answer is "falgella" because it refers to the hair-like extensions that certain bacteria use for movement. These extensions, also known as flagella, help bacteria to swim and navigate through their environment. They are whip-like structures made of proteins that rotate like propellers, allowing bacteria to move in various directions. Flagella are essential for bacteria to find nutrients, avoid harmful substances, and colonize new areas.

The correct answer is "sterilization, disinfection, sanitation". Sterilization is the highest level of decontamination, which eliminates all forms of microbial life. Disinfection is the second level, which reduces the number of microorganisms to a safe level. Sanitation is the lowest level, which involves cleaning and removing visible dirt or debris. This order ensures that the most effective methods are used first to eliminate the highest level of contamination, followed by reducing the remaining microorganisms, and finally, ensuring cleanliness and hygiene.

OSHA requires the use of an EPA-registered tuberculocidal disinfectant or one that kills the HBV and HIV virus for implements that come into contact with blood or body fluids. This is because blood and body fluids can potentially contain infectious pathogens, including the HBV and HIV viruses. Using a disinfectant that is effective against these viruses helps to prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens and ensures the safety of both clients and salon staff.

When clients show signs of a contagious disease, it is important to refer them to a physician. A physician is a medical professional who can accurately diagnose the disease and provide appropriate treatment. They have the knowledge and expertise to determine the best course of action, whether it involves prescribing medications, performing further tests, or providing other necessary medical interventions. By referring the clients to a physician, they can receive the proper care and treatment to address their contagious disease effectively.

Sodium hypochlorite is commonly known as bleach because it is a chemical compound that is widely used as a disinfectant and household cleaner. It is a strong oxidizing agent and has the ability to remove stains, whiten clothes, and kill bacteria and viruses. Bleach is a common name for sodium hypochlorite due to its widespread use in household cleaning and laundry products.

The correct answer is syphilis. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. It can be transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusion, or from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth. Syphilis can cause a wide range of symptoms and complications if left untreated, including sores, rashes, fever, fatigue, and damage to the heart, brain, and other organs. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria and prevent further complications.

The correct answer is "round shape". Cocci are a type of bacteria that are spherical or round in shape. They can occur singly, in pairs (diplococci), in chains (streptococci), or in clusters (staphylococci). This shape allows them to easily divide and multiply, and they are commonly found in various environments, including the human body.

Disinfectants are chemicals used to kill or remove bacteria, viruses, and other harmful microorganisms from surfaces. It is important to use tongs, gloved hands, or a draining basket to remove implements from disinfectants to prevent contamination or transfer of the disinfectant to other surfaces. Using clean towels, storage containers, or soapy water would not require the same level of caution and protection when removing implements.

Implements must be thoroughly cleaned before they are soaked in disinfectant because disinfectants are more effective when used on clean surfaces. Cleaning the implements removes any visible dirt or debris, making the disinfectant more effective in killing bacteria and other pathogens. Soaking the implements in disinfectant after cleaning ensures that any remaining microorganisms are destroyed, reducing the risk of cross-contamination when used on a new client.

The correct answer is "once a day" because proper disinfection procedures require changing the solution in a wet sanitizer on a daily basis. This is necessary to ensure that the sanitizer remains effective and able to kill bacteria and other harmful microorganisms. Changing the solution daily helps to maintain a clean and sanitary environment, reducing the risk of contamination and the spread of infections.

Bacilli are a type of bacteria that have a rod shape. They are characterized by their elongated and cylindrical structure. Unlike diplococci and staphylococci, which are spherical in shape, and spirilla, which are spiral-shaped, bacilli have a distinct rod-like appearance. Therefore, the correct answer is bacilli.

not-available-via-ai

In California in 2000, a bacteria called mycobacterium fortuitum fure caused infections in over 100 pedicure clients. This bacteria is normally harmless but in this case, it resulted in infections.

Phenols in a 5 percent solution are safe and effective disinfectants. They are commonly used for sanitizing metal implements, such as tools or equipment, due to their ability to kill bacteria and viruses. Phenols are known for their antimicrobial properties and are often used in healthcare settings to prevent the spread of infections. They can also be used for skin sanitization and to clean up blood spills. However, they may not be suitable for use on rubber and plastic materials as they can cause damage or discoloration.

Alcohol is not allowed for disinfection of implements in states that require hospital disinfection.

The requirement for a Material Safety Data sheet on every product used in the cosmetology school or salon is mandated by federal law. This means that it is a legal requirement set by the federal government, and not just a recommendation or guideline from a state law or school regulations. The federal law ensures that the necessary safety information is provided for each product to protect the health and safety of both the professionals working in the cosmetology industry and the clients they serve.

Pathogenic bacteria are capable of causing diseases in both plant and animal tissues. They are able to invade and multiply within the host, leading to various symptoms and damage to the tissues. Acidophilous and saprophytes do not necessarily cause diseases, as acidophilous refers to organisms that thrive in acidic environments and saprophytes are organisms that obtain nutrients from decaying organic matter. Non-pathogenic bacteria do not cause diseases either, as they do not have the ability to invade and harm the host tissues. Therefore, the presence of pathogenic bacteria is the most likely cause of disease in plant or animal tissue.

Sterilization is the only level of decontamination that can effectively kill bacterial spores. Bacterial spores are highly resistant structures formed by certain bacteria as a survival mechanism. They can withstand harsh conditions and remain dormant for extended periods. Sterilization processes, such as autoclaving or chemical sterilization, use high temperatures, pressure, or chemicals to destroy all forms of microbial life, including bacterial spores. Other levels of decontamination, such as disinfection, may be effective against bacteria and viruses but are not capable of eliminating bacterial spores. Therefore, sterilization is necessary to ensure complete eradication of bacterial spores.

It is important to use an EPA-registered disinfectant with bacterial, fungicidal, virucidal efficacy after each client because foot spas can harbor bacteria, fungi, and viruses that can be transmitted from one client to another. Disinfecting after each client helps to prevent the spread of infections and maintain a clean and safe environment for all clients.

Linens and capes that come in contact with a client's skin should be laundered with bleach. Bleach is a strong disinfectant that can effectively kill bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that may be present on the linens and capes. This helps to prevent the spread of infections and maintain a hygienic environment for clients. Antiseptics, phenols, and quats are not typically used for laundering purposes and may not provide the same level of disinfection as bleach.

Measles is caused by a virus called the measles virus. It is a highly contagious respiratory infection that spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus enters the body through the respiratory system and then spreads throughout the body, causing a characteristic rash, fever, cough, and other symptoms. Measles is a viral disease and is caused specifically by the measles virus, making it a correct answer in the given list of diseases caused by viruses.

The given answer states that alcohol and bleach are no longer widely used as disinfectants. This suggests that there may have been advancements in disinfectant technology or the discovery of more effective alternatives. It could also imply that alcohol and bleach may have certain limitations or drawbacks that make them less desirable for widespread use. However, without further context or information, it is difficult to determine the exact reasons behind their decreased usage.

Ultrasonic bath cleaners are used in salons to clean various tools and equipment. These cleaners work by using high-frequency sound waves to create tiny bubbles that scrub away dirt and debris. However, simply using an ultrasonic bath cleaner may not be enough to ensure proper sanitation. Therefore, it is important to use an effective disinfectant in conjunction with the cleaner. This will help to kill any bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens that may be present on the tools, ensuring a clean and safe environment for salon clients.

Viruses are known for their ability to invade and penetrate host cells, where they take control of the cellular machinery and use it to replicate themselves. Unlike bacteria, parasites, and fungi, viruses lack the necessary cellular machinery to survive and reproduce on their own. Therefore, they rely on infecting host cells and becoming an integral part of them in order to carry out their life cycle.

Nail drills cannot be fully immersed in liquid because they have electrical components that can be damaged if exposed to water. However, they still need to be disinfected to prevent the spread of bacteria and infections. Therefore, alternative methods such as using disinfectant sprays or wipes are commonly used to sanitize nail drills.

Formalin is the correct answer because it was previously used as a disinfectant but is no longer considered safe for salon use. Formalin, also known as formaldehyde, is a toxic substance that can cause irritation, allergies, and even cancer. Due to its potential health risks, formalin is no longer recommended for use in salons as a disinfectant.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulating and approving disinfectants. This agency ensures that disinfectants meet safety and efficacy standards before they can be used. Therefore, it is necessary for both individual states and the EPA to approve all disinfectants to ensure their effectiveness and safety in various settings.

The technical term for bacteria that lives on dead matter is saprofytes.