1.
Cultural Literacy
Correct Answer
B. Fundamental knowledge or information shared by most of society
Explanation
The correct answer is "fundamental knowledge or information shared by most of society." Cultural literacy refers to the knowledge and understanding of the shared beliefs, values, customs, and symbols that are essential for effective communication and participation in a particular society. It includes having a basic understanding of important historical events, literary works, scientific concepts, and other aspects of culture that are commonly known and referenced in society. This knowledge is acquired through various means, such as education, social interactions, and exposure to media and literature.
2.
Critical thinking skills
Correct Answer
D. New focus in the curriculum, responding to the information society
Explanation
The correct answer suggests that critical thinking skills are a new focus in the curriculum, responding to the information society. This implies that in today's society, where information is easily accessible and constantly changing, it is important for students to develop critical thinking skills to analyze and evaluate information effectively. This new focus in the curriculum reflects the need to prepare students for the challenges and demands of the information age.
3.
Metacognition
Correct Answer
C. Awareness of one’s own thinking
Explanation
The correct answer is "awareness of one’s own thinking." Metacognition refers to the ability to think about and reflect on one's own thoughts and cognitive processes. It involves being aware of one's own thinking, monitoring and regulating one's own cognitive activities, and understanding how one learns and solves problems. This concept is important in education as it helps students become more self-directed learners and develop strategies to improve their learning and problem-solving skills.
4.
Mortimer Adler
Correct Answer
A. pHilosopHer who outlined 12 years of required courses
Explanation
Mortimer Adler is known as a philosopher who outlined 12 years of required courses. This suggests that he proposed a specific curriculum or educational plan that spans over 12 years. It implies that he believed in the importance of a structured and comprehensive education that covers a wide range of subjects and knowledge areas.
5.
Jerome Bruner
Correct Answer
B. Advocate of understanding disciplines in terms of their structure, not just their content
Explanation
Jerome Bruner is known for advocating the understanding of disciplines in terms of their structure, not just their content. This means that he emphasized the importance of not only learning the information and facts within a subject but also understanding the underlying principles and concepts that make up the discipline. This approach promotes a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.
6.
Studied how time is spent in schools and how efficiently schools use time
Correct Answer
A. John Goodlad
Explanation
John Goodlad is the correct answer because he is known for his research and work on education, specifically studying how time is spent in schools and how efficiently schools use time. He was a prominent educational researcher and author who focused on school improvement and educational policy. Goodlad's research and writings have contributed to our understanding of effective teaching and learning practices, and his work on the use of time in schools has been influential in shaping educational policies and practices.
7.
____________________warns that if schools stop teaching the background information that is standard to American literate culture, “the unity and effectiveness of the U.S. will decline.”
Correct Answer
D. E.D. Hirsch, jr.
Explanation
E.D. Hirsch, jr. warns that if schools stop teaching the background information that is standard to American literate culture, the unity and effectiveness of the U.S. will decline.
8.
...in education, as in fashion and design, “change mirrors shifts in taste and social climate and is not usually thought of as true progress.”
Correct Answer
A. Robert Slavin
Explanation
Robert Slavin's statement suggests that in education, change is often driven by shifts in taste and the social climate, rather than being seen as true progress. This implies that educational practices and methods may change over time, but this does not necessarily mean that they are improving or leading to better outcomes for students. Slavin's perspective highlights the importance of critically evaluating educational changes and considering whether they truly benefit students and their learning.
9.
________________calls teachers "gatekeeprs" because they direct the flow of classroom interaction.
Correct Answer
B. pHillip Jackson
Explanation
Phillip Jackson calls teachers "gatekeepers" because he believes that teachers have the power to control and direct the flow of classroom interaction. As gatekeepers, teachers have the ability to set the tone of the classroom, determine who gets to participate and engage in discussions, and regulate the distribution of knowledge and information. Jackson emphasizes the role of teachers in shaping the learning environment and controlling the access to educational opportunities for students.
10.
__________was an American author and educator, one of the best-known proponents of homeschooling, and a pioneer in youth rights theory.
Correct Answer
C. John Holt
Explanation
John Holt was an American author and educator who was well-known for advocating homeschooling and youth rights theory. He played a significant role in promoting the idea of homeschooling as a viable alternative to traditional schooling. Holt believed in the importance of allowing children to learn at their own pace and explore their interests freely. His work and writings had a significant impact on the homeschooling movement and continue to influence educational practices today.
11.
Major difference between the formal and the hidden curriculum is
Correct Answer
D. The hidden curriculum arises spontaneously from interactions between students and their environments
Explanation
The major difference between the formal and the hidden curriculum is that the hidden curriculum arises spontaneously from interactions between students and their environments. Unlike the formal curriculum, which is planned and structured, the hidden curriculum refers to the unintended lessons and values that students learn through their daily interactions and experiences. It is not deliberately included in the formal curriculum and can vary widely depending on the individual's environment and social interactions.
12.
Produces the same learning outcomes for everyone.
Correct Answer
A. The formal curriculum
Explanation
The formal curriculum refers to the planned and structured educational content that is taught in schools. It is designed to ensure that all students receive the same learning outcomes and knowledge. This means that regardless of individual differences or backgrounds, the formal curriculum aims to provide a standardized education for everyone.
13.
Arises spontaneously from interactions between students and their environments
Correct Answer
A. The hidden curriculum
Explanation
The hidden curriculum refers to the unintentional lessons and values that students learn from their school environment, including social interactions, norms, and expectations. It arises spontaneously from these interactions and is not explicitly taught in the formal curriculum. This can include things like learning how to navigate social hierarchies, understanding implicit rules, and developing certain attitudes and behaviors.
14.
When a topic is unimportant or too controversial, innappropriate or not worth the time, that topic is never taught and becomes part of the _________________
Correct Answer
D. The null curriculum
Explanation
The null curriculum refers to the topics or subjects that are not included in the formal curriculum and are not taught in schools. These topics are considered unimportant, controversial, inappropriate, or not worth the time. Therefore, they are excluded from the educational curriculum and become part of the null curriculum.
15.
Teaches the lessons students learn in school activities such as sports, clubs, governance, and the student newspaper, places where a great deal of learning occurs.
Correct Answer
C. The extracurriculum
Explanation
The extracurriculum refers to the additional learning experiences that take place outside of the formal curriculum in school. These experiences can include participation in sports, clubs, governance, and the student newspaper. The extracurriculum provides students with valuable opportunities to learn important lessons and skills that may not be directly taught in the classroom. These activities can teach students teamwork, leadership, communication, problem-solving, and other valuable life skills. Therefore, the extracurriculum plays a significant role in shaping students' overall education and personal development.
16.
_____________________specifies precisely what student should learn, focuses the curriculum and instruction on meeting these standards, and provides continual testing to see if standards are achieved.
Correct Answer
standards-based education
Explanation
Standards-based education refers to an approach that clearly defines what students should learn, concentrates on aligning the curriculum and instruction with these standards, and regularly assesses whether the standards are being met. This method ensures that there is a specific set of learning objectives and expectations for students, guiding the curriculum and teaching methods. Additionally, continuous testing allows educators to gauge students' progress and determine if they have achieved the established standards.
17.
Detail precisely what students should know and be able to do in each subject at each grade level.
Correct Answer
content standards
Explanation
Content standards are a set of guidelines that outline the specific knowledge and skills that students should acquire in each subject at each grade level. These standards provide a clear and consistent framework for educators to design curriculum, develop lesson plans, and assess student learning. By following content standards, teachers ensure that students are exposed to a comprehensive and cohesive curriculum, enabling them to meet academic expectations and achieve educational goals. Content standards also help to promote consistency and equity in education by providing a common set of expectations for all students, regardless of their background or location.
18.
__________________, in NCLB assess how well students learn content standards.
Correct Answer
performance standards
Explanation
Performance standards, in NCLB, assess how well students learn content standards. Performance standards are benchmarks that define the level of proficiency or mastery that students are expected to achieve in specific subject areas. These standards provide a clear indication of what students should know and be able to do at each grade level. By measuring student performance against these standards, educators and policymakers can assess the effectiveness of instructional strategies, identify areas of improvement, and make informed decisions about curriculum and instruction.
19.
Grade-by-grade testing and graduation tests decrease school dropouts.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement suggests that grade-by-grade testing and graduation tests decrease school dropouts. However, there is no evidence or research provided to support this claim. In fact, some studies have shown that high-stakes testing can actually increase dropout rates as students may become discouraged or disengaged from school. Therefore, the correct answer is false.
20.
Higher test scores generally mean more learning has taken place.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
This statement is false because test scores do not necessarily indicate the amount of learning that has taken place. While higher test scores can suggest that learning has occurred, they do not guarantee it. Factors such as test-taking skills, memorization abilities, and test format can also influence test scores. Additionally, learning can take place through various methods and experiences that may not be accurately reflected in test scores alone.
21.
Teachers support the notion that learning can be measured by a single test.
Correct Answer
B. FAlse
Explanation
Teachers do not support the notion that learning can be measured by a single test. Learning is a complex process that involves various factors such as critical thinking, problem-solving skills, creativity, and practical application of knowledge. A single test cannot accurately measure all these aspects of learning. Teachers often use a combination of assessments, including tests, projects, presentations, and discussions, to evaluate students' learning progress and understanding.
22.
History, drama, the arts, music and a host of other subjects are being given an increased amount of intention in the current testing movement.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement suggests that subjects like history, drama, the arts, and music are being given more attention in the current testing movement. However, the correct answer is false, indicating that these subjects are not actually receiving increased attention in the testing movement.
23.
The boys of Athens were obliged to leave home at the age of 7 to begin military training and join sternly disciplined groups under the supervision of a hierarchy of officers.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because the boys of Athens were not obliged to leave home at the age of 7 to begin military training. Instead, they would typically start their military training around the age of 18, after completing their education. At the age of 7, boys would begin their formal education, which focused on subjects like reading, writing, music, and physical education. Military training and joining disciplined groups would come later in their educational journey.
24.
When babies were born in ancient Sparta, Spartan soldiers would come by the house and check the baby. If the baby did not appear healthy and strong, the infant was taken away, and left to die on a hillside
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
In ancient Sparta, it was a common practice for Spartan soldiers to inspect newborn babies. If a baby was deemed weak or unhealthy, it would be taken away and abandoned on a hillside to die. This practice was part of the Spartan society's strong emphasis on producing physically fit and strong individuals.
25.
School courses were very hard and often painful in Spartan schools. Students were taught to read and write and reading ad writing was extremely important to them
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement suggests that school courses in Spartan schools were hard and painful, but the students were still taught to read and write because it was crucial to them. However, the correct answer is False, indicating that the statement is not true. The explanation for this could be that Spartan education focused more on physical training and military skills rather than academic subjects like reading and writing.
26.
Explaining his mission as a philosopher, this Greek philosopher, reports a message from an oracle telling him that "No one is wiser than you." ) He then proceeds to disprove the oracle by conversing with notable Athenians who must surely be wiser. In each case, however, he concludes that he has a kind of wisdom that each of them lacks: namely, an open awareness of his own ignorance.
Correct Answer
B. Socrates
Explanation
Socrates, the Greek philosopher, explains his mission by sharing a message from an oracle that claimed he was the wisest person. He sets out to disprove this by engaging in conversations with notable Athenians who are believed to be wise. However, after these conversations, Socrates realizes that he possesses a unique form of wisdom - an awareness of his own ignorance. This explanation highlights Socrates' pursuit of knowledge and his realization that true wisdom lies in recognizing one's own limitations.
27.
This Greek philosopher was brought to trial and accused by Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon with the following charge: "_____________ is guilty of not believing in the gods in which the state believes, but brings in other new divinities; he also wrongs by corrupting the youth.
Correct Answer
D. Socrates
Explanation
Socrates was brought to trial and accused of not believing in the gods in which the state believes and introducing new divinities. Additionally, he was accused of corrupting the youth. This accusation suggests that Socrates was seen as a threat to the religious and moral values of the society.
28.
This Greek philosopher on trial for his life says in his defense that he was never truly anyone's teacher, that he never demanded payment before he would converse with anyone, and that his discussions were open to anyone who cared to listen
Correct Answer
D. Socrates
Explanation
Socrates is the correct answer because he is known for his defense during his trial. He argued that he was not a teacher in the traditional sense, as he did not demand payment for his conversations and his discussions were open to anyone who wanted to listen. This highlights Socrates' belief in the pursuit of knowledge and his commitment to engaging in philosophical discussions with others.
29.
The usual education for the young Greek citizen consisted of gymnastics, music, and grammar.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because in ancient Greece, the education of young citizens typically included three main subjects: gymnastics, music, and grammar. Gymnastics focused on physical education and training, music included both instrumental and vocal training, and grammar encompassed the study of literature, language, and rhetoric. These subjects were considered essential for the holistic development of young Greeks and were integral parts of their educational system.
30.
The Greek gods were much less down-to-earth and much more awesome and remote than the gods of the East.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement suggests that the Greek gods were more remote and less relatable compared to the gods of the East. However, this is incorrect. In Greek mythology, the gods were depicted as having human-like qualities, emotions, and interactions with humans. They were often portrayed as intervening in human affairs and having personal relationships with mortals. This made them more down-to-earth and relatable compared to the gods of the East, who were often depicted as distant and uninvolved in human affairs. Therefore, the correct answer is False.
31.
In this Greek city-state citizen women were free to move around, and enjoyed a great deal of freedom, as their husbands did not live at home.
Correct Answer
D. Sparta
Explanation
Sparta is the correct answer because it was a Greek city-state where women had more freedom compared to other city-states. In Sparta, women were allowed to move around freely and had more independence because their husbands, who were often away fighting in wars, did not live at home. This allowed Spartan women to have more control over their own lives and participate in various activities outside of the household.
32.
In this Greek city-state citizen women were free to move around, and enjoyed a great deal of freedom, as their husbands did not live at home.
Correct Answer
A. Sparta
Explanation
Sparta is the correct answer because it was a Greek city-state where women had more freedom compared to other city-states. In Sparta, women were allowed to move around and had more independence as their husbands, who were often away for military training, did not live at home. This allowed Spartan women to have more control over their daily lives and participate in various activities outside of their homes.
33.
In this Greek city-state music and dancing were a part of education, but only because they served military ends.
Correct Answer
D. Sparta
Explanation
In Sparta, music and dancing were included in education because they served military purposes. The Spartans believed that music and dancing could instill discipline, coordination, and teamwork among the soldiers. These skills were essential in the battlefield, as they helped in maintaining formation, following orders, and staying united. Therefore, music and dancing were not valued for their artistic or cultural significance in Sparta, but rather for their practical application in warfare.