Lower Limb Anatomy Quiz Questions And Answers

The femur is the correct answer because it is the largest and longest bone in the body. It is located in the thigh and connects the hip bone to the knee. The femur is responsible for supporting the body's weight and enabling movement. It is a strong and sturdy bone, essential for walking, running, and other weight-bearing activities. The other options, such as the hip bone, vertebra, and tibia, are not as large or long as the femur and do not fulfill the criteria mentioned in the question.

The hip bone is the correct answer because it is one of the three bones that make up the union mentioned in the question. The other two bones listed, the sternum and tibia, are not part of this union. Therefore, the hip bone is the only bone mentioned that is included in the union of three bones.

The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body, running from the lower back down through the buttocks and into the legs. It is responsible for providing motor and sensory innervation to the muscles of the thigh, leg, and foot. The sciatic nerve is formed by several nerve roots coming from the lower spine and is crucial for lower limb movement and sensation. It is larger than the sural nerve, femoral nerve, and radial nerve, making it the correct answer.

The head of the fibula does not take part in the formation of the knee joint. The knee joint is primarily formed by the condyles of the tibia and the femur. The condyle of the tibia articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. The head of the fibula is located at the lower end of the fibula bone and does not directly participate in the articulation with the femur or tibia at the knee joint.

The correct answer is Gluteus max and tenser fascia. The iliotibial tract is a thick band of connective tissue that runs along the outside of the thigh. It originates from the gluteus maximus muscle and also receives the insertion of the tensor fasciae latae muscle. This insertion helps to stabilize the tract and allows it to function in hip and knee movements. The other options, which involve the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles, are incorrect as they do not directly insert into the iliotibial tract.

Femoral hernia is more common in women. This is because the femoral canal, through which the hernia protrudes, is narrower in women compared to men. Additionally, factors such as pregnancy, obesity, and childbirth can increase the risk of developing a femoral hernia in women.

The greater sciatic foramen is a passageway located in the pelvis through which several structures, such as nerves and blood vessels, pass. It is formed by the sacrotuberous ligament and the sacrospinous ligament. These ligaments help to stabilize the pelvis and provide support to the sacrum and the coccyx. The sacrotuberous ligament runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity, while the sacrospinous ligament runs from the sacrum to the ischial spine. Together, these ligaments create the greater sciatic foramen and play an important role in maintaining the stability of the pelvis.

There are 14 tarsal bones in the human body. These bones are located in the foot and are responsible for supporting the weight of the body and facilitating movement. The tarsal bones include the calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones. Together, they form the structure of the foot and play a crucial role in maintaining balance and stability.

The true foot drop occurs because of damage or compression of the common peroneal nerve. The common peroneal nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve and is responsible for innervating the muscles that control dorsiflexion of the foot. When the common peroneal nerve is affected, it can result in weakness or paralysis of these muscles, leading to difficulty in lifting the foot and causing foot drop.

Peripheral hearts are located in the leg. This refers to the presence of small, auxiliary hearts in certain animals, such as insects, that are found in addition to the main heart. These peripheral hearts help to pump hemolymph (the insect equivalent of blood) throughout the extremities of the leg, ensuring proper circulation and oxygenation of tissues. This adaptation allows for efficient movement and functioning of the legs in these animals.

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is more prone to be ruptured compared to the lateral collateral ligament (LCL). This is because the MCL is located on the inner side of the knee and is responsible for stabilizing the inner part of the joint, while the LCL is located on the outer side and stabilizes the outer part. The MCL is more vulnerable to injury due to its position and the fact that it is often subjected to direct blows or twisting forces that can cause it to tear or rupture.

The correct answer is Quadratus femoris. The quadratus femoris is a muscle located in the posterior hip region. It originates from the ischial tuberosity and inserts into the quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of the femur. Its main function is to laterally rotate the thigh and stabilize the hip joint.

The ischium is a bone that is part of the pelvic girdle and is one of the three bones that make up the hip bone, along with the ilium and pubis. It is commonly referred to as the "sit bone" as it is the bone that makes contact with a chair when sitting. The ischium is shaped like an L, with a thick body and a thin, curved projection called the ischial tuberosity.

The medial femoral circumflex artery is a branch of the profunda femoris artery. The profunda femoris artery is a major branch of the femoral artery, which is the main arterial supply to the lower limb. The profunda femoris artery gives off several branches, including the medial femoral circumflex artery, which supplies blood to the muscles of the thigh. Therefore, the correct answer is Profunda femoris artery.

The sural nerve is a branch of the tibial nerve. The tibial nerve is one of the major branches of the sciatic nerve, which is the largest nerve in the body. The sural nerve provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the foot and ankle. It is formed by the union of branches from the tibial and common peroneal nerves.

Long-distance air travelers are prone to deep vein thrombosis, which is the formation of blood clots in the deep veins of the legs. Prolonged immobility during long flights can lead to reduced blood flow in the legs, increasing the risk of blood clots. These clots can be dangerous if they travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism. Therefore, it is important for travelers to take precautions such as staying hydrated, moving around the cabin, and performing leg exercises to prevent deep vein thrombosis.

The human lower limb is composed of the femur (thigh bone), tibia and fibula (lower leg bones), and the bones of the foot (tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges). The ulna, however, is one of the two bones in the forearm, along with the radius. It is located on the pinky side of the forearm and plays a crucial role in wrist and elbow movement.

The nerve root for peroneus longus and peroneus brevis is L5, S1,2. This means that the nerves responsible for the function of these muscles originate from the spinal segments L5, S1, and S2. These nerves innervate the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles, which are located in the lower leg and are responsible for ankle eversion and plantar flexion. By knowing the specific nerve root involved, healthcare professionals can better understand and diagnose any issues or injuries related to these muscles.

The given correct answer is the anterior cruciate ligament. This ligament passes upward, backward, and laterally to be attached to the posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle. It is one of the major ligaments in the knee joint and provides stability by preventing excessive forward movement of the tibia on the femur.

The popliteus muscle is supplied by the tibial nerve. The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve, which originates from the lumbar and sacral plexuses. It runs down the back of the leg and innervates various muscles, including the popliteus muscle. The popliteus muscle is located in the posterior knee and plays a role in unlocking the knee joint by internally rotating the tibia. Therefore, the tibial nerve is responsible for supplying the popliteus muscle with the necessary innervation for its function.

The front of the leg is supplied by the deep peroneal nerve. This nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg, which are involved in dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes. It also provides sensory innervation to the skin on the anterior aspect of the leg and the web space between the first and second toes. The tibial nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg, while the common peroneal nerve and superficial peroneal nerve supply the lateral and posterior aspects of the leg.

The correct answer is Flexor hallucis brevis. The flexor hallucis brevis is a muscle located in the foot that is responsible for flexing the big toe. It has a different nerve supply compared to the other options listed. This difference in nerve supply may result in variations in function and innervation between the flexor hallucis brevis and the other muscles listed.

Inversions and eversions refer to movements of the foot. Inversion is the movement of the sole of the foot towards the midline of the body, while eversion is the movement of the sole of the foot away from the midline. These movements primarily occur at the tarsal joints, which are located in the foot. The ankle joint allows for flexion and extension, but not inversions and eversions. The knee joint is not involved in these specific movements of the foot. Therefore, the correct answer is tarsal joints.

The oblique popliteal ligament is formed by the semimembranosus muscle. This ligament is located in the knee joint and helps to stabilize the joint by connecting the tibia to the femur. The semimembranosus muscle is one of the hamstring muscles located on the back of the thigh. It plays a role in flexing the knee and extending the hip.

Soldiers and joggers are prone to fractures in their metatarsal bones. The metatarsal bones are located in the foot and are responsible for supporting body weight and providing balance during activities such as marching and jogging. These bones can be subjected to repetitive stress and impact, which can lead to fractures. Therefore, it is common for soldiers and joggers to experience metatarsal fractures due to the high impact and repetitive nature of their activities.

The question is asking about the thickness of the skin of a specific anatomical structure. However, none of the given options are anatomical structures, but rather connective tissues or structures related to the skin. Therefore, it is not possible to determine the thickness of the skin based on the given options.

A lateral cutaneous nerve is a branch of the common peroneal nerve. The common peroneal nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve, which is the largest nerve in the body. It supplies motor and sensory innervation to the muscles and skin on the lateral side of the leg and foot. The lateral cutaneous nerve specifically provides sensory innervation to the skin on the lateral side of the leg.

The patella, also known as the kneecap, is the correct answer because it is a common bone that can fracture in automobile accidents. The patella is a small, triangular bone located in front of the knee joint, and it plays an important role in protecting the knee and aiding in movements like walking, running, and jumping. During a car accident, the force and impact can cause the patella to fracture, resulting in pain, swelling, and difficulty in bending or straightening the knee.

The popliteal lymph nodes are located in the posterior aspect of the knee, specifically in the popliteal fossa. This area is situated on the back of the thigh, just above the knee joint. Therefore, the correct answer is "The lateral surface of the thigh."