Dr. Early's New Testament First Test

The author of Mark was not an eyewitness to his accounts. This implies that the author did not personally witness the events described in the Gospel of Mark. Instead, the author likely gathered information from other sources or relied on oral tradition to compile the accounts. This is a common belief among scholars who study the Bible and its authorship.

Evangelion is a Greek word that translates to "good news" or "the good news". It is often used in a religious context to refer to the message of salvation or the teachings of Jesus Christ. The word signifies the spreading of positive and uplifting information or beliefs.

The Temple was the center of Jewish life because it was the religious and cultural hub for the Jewish people. It was the place where sacrifices were made, prayers were offered, and religious ceremonies were conducted. The Temple also housed the Ark of the Covenant, which was a symbol of God's presence among the Jewish people. Additionally, the Temple was a place of pilgrimage and gathering for Jews from all over, further solidifying its importance as the center of Jewish life.

The event described in the question is known as the transfiguration. During this event, Jesus took three of his disciples, Peter, James, and John, up to a mountain where he was transfigured before them. His face shone like the sun, and his clothes became as white as light. Moses and Elijah also appeared and spoke with Jesus. This event revealed to the disciples the divine nature of Jesus and confirmed his identity as the Son of God.

Logos, in Greek, means "word" or "writing." It refers to the rational principle that governs and gives order to the universe. This term is often used in philosophy and theology to represent the divine reason or logic behind the creation and existence of everything. Therefore, the correct answer includes all variations of the word "word" and "writing."

According to tradition, the author of the Gospel of Mark obtained his information from Peter. This suggests that Peter was a primary source for the events and teachings recorded in the Gospel. The author likely relied on Peter's firsthand experiences and knowledge of Jesus to write the Gospel of Mark. This tradition aligns with the belief that Mark was a close associate of Peter and that his Gospel reflects Peter's perspective and teachings.

The Gospel of Matthew is the only one that includes the stories of the pearl of great price and the laborers in the vineyard. These parables can be found in Matthew 13:45-46 and Matthew 20:1-16 respectively. The Gospel of Matthew is known for its emphasis on Jesus' teachings and parables, making it the only Gospel to include these specific stories.

The Gospel of Luke proclaims that Jesus is the savior of both Jews and Gentiles. This is evident throughout the gospel, as Luke emphasizes Jesus' ministry to all people, regardless of their background. Luke includes stories of Jesus interacting with Gentiles, such as the healing of the centurion's servant and the parable of the Good Samaritan. Luke also highlights Jesus' teachings on inclusion and salvation for all, as seen in the parables of the lost sheep, the prodigal son, and the great banquet. Overall, Luke presents Jesus as the savior who came to bring salvation to both Jews and Gentiles.

The Zealots were a party that opposed Roman rule and believed in combining patriotism and Judaism. They were known for their extreme zeal and willingness to use violence in their fight against Rome. They played a significant role in the Jewish revolt against the Romans in the first century CE. The other options, Pharisees, Essenes, and Sadducees, were also Jewish sects during that time, but they did not share the same militant approach as the Zealots.

In the wilderness, Jesus faced various temptations, such as the temptation for power, food, and glory. However, clothing was not mentioned as one of the temptations that Jesus faced. This suggests that Jesus was not tempted to fulfill any materialistic desires or concerns about his appearance during his time in the wilderness. Instead, his temptations centered around more significant spiritual and moral challenges.

Alexander the Great was known for his conquests and the spread of Hellenistic ideas and culture. He expanded his empire across three continents, establishing Greek colonies and promoting Greek language, art, and philosophy. Through his military campaigns, Alexander brought together diverse cultures and encouraged the exchange of ideas, leading to the blending of Greek and Eastern cultures known as Hellenistic civilization. His empire became a center of learning and innovation, influencing future civilizations and shaping the course of history.

Mithraism is the correct answer because this religion believed that their god, Mithras, was born on December 25th. Additionally, Mithraism practiced a ritual slaying of bulls, which was an important part of their religious ceremonies. Stoicism, Epicureanism, and Cynicism are unrelated to these beliefs and practices.

The Essenes originated as a party in response to the corruption of the Sadducees. The Sadducees were a Jewish sect that held power and influence during the Second Temple period in ancient Israel. However, they were known for their collaboration with the Roman authorities and their disregard for the spiritual and moral aspects of Judaism. The Essenes, on the other hand, rejected the corrupt practices of the Sadducees and sought a more ascetic and pure way of life. They withdrew from mainstream society and lived in communal settings, emphasizing strict adherence to religious laws and rituals.

The divine name Jesus means "God saves" or "Yahweh is salvation". This name is of Hebrew origin and is derived from the name Yeshua. In the New Testament, Jesus is referred to as the Son of God and the savior of humanity, who came to earth to save people from their sins. The name Jesus signifies his mission and purpose, highlighting his role as the one who brings salvation and redemption to all who believe in him.

The Jews expected the Messiah to be a warrior who would lead them to victory and establish a new kingdom. They also anticipated that the Messiah would bring about eternal peace, ending all conflicts and establishing a harmonious society. This expectation was rooted in their understanding of prophecies and scriptures that described the Messiah as a powerful and righteous leader who would deliver them from oppression and establish a reign of peace and prosperity.

The purpose of Mark was multi-faceted. Firstly, Mark aimed to demonstrate that Jesus is the Messiah, the long-awaited Savior predicted in the Old Testament. Secondly, he sought to give hope to his readers by showcasing Jesus' teachings, miracles, and the promise of eternal life through faith in Him. Additionally, Mark adopted an apologetic approach, defending the Christian faith against skeptics and providing evidence for Jesus' divinity. Lastly, Mark emphasized the cost of discipleship, illustrating the sacrifices and commitment required to follow Jesus. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

The divine name Elohim is a generic term for God. It is used in the Hebrew Bible to refer to the God of Israel, as well as other gods in a generic sense. The term does not carry any specific connotations or meanings beyond its general usage as a title for a deity.

The Sadducees were a Jewish party that did not believe in demons or angels or the resurrection. They claimed to be descendants of the high priest under David.

The Shema is the correct answer because it refers to a verse in Deuteronomy where it states that there is only one God. The Shema is a central prayer in Judaism that affirms the belief in the oneness of God. It is found in Deuteronomy 6:4-5 and is recited daily by observant Jews as a declaration of faith. The verse states, "Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one." Therefore, The Shema is the appropriate choice as it directly relates to the question about the verse in Deuteronomy affirming the belief in one God.

Dionysus is the correct answer because he was the god born of Zeus and a mortal woman, Semele. He is known as the god of wine making, among other things. Dionysus was often associated with celebrations, festivals, and the enjoyment of wine, making him a significant figure in Greek mythology.

The Pharisees were the largest Jewish party who believed in demons and angels, strictly followed the teachings of the Torah, and were often criticized in the gospels. They were known for their strict adherence to religious laws and their emphasis on oral traditions. The Pharisees were influential in Jewish society during the time of Jesus and often clashed with him over matters of interpretation and religious authority.

The irregularity between Matthew, Mark, and Luke, as opposed to John, is referred to as the synoptic problem. The term "synoptic" is derived from the Greek word "synoptikos," meaning "seeing together." This term is used to describe the similarities and shared content found in the three Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, which are known as the synoptic Gospels. John's Gospel, on the other hand, differs significantly in terms of content, structure, and style, leading to the synoptic problem. Scholars have debated and studied the synoptic problem to understand the relationship between these Gospels and their sources.

The Latin Vulgate is the correct answer because it is the Latin translation of the Bible that is used as the official Roman Catholic Bible. It was translated by Saint Jerome in the 4th century and became the standard version of the Bible for the Catholic Church. The Latin Vulgate played a significant role in shaping Western Christianity and is still widely used by Catholic scholars and clergy today.

Pericopes are short concise sayings or stories that can be removed from a larger story without affecting the overall narrative. They are standalone units that can be extracted and still retain their meaning and significance. These pericopes serve as self-contained teachings or anecdotes that contribute to the larger story but can also be understood independently.

Christianity and the Mystery Religions share several similarities. Firstly, both involve the concept of dying and rising, where a central figure undergoes death and resurrection. Secondly, both religions emphasize miracles, supernatural events that defy natural laws. Thirdly, both belief systems include the idea of a virgin birth, where a divine figure is born to a virgin mother. Lastly, both religions teach about rebirth into heaven, where believers can attain eternal life in a heavenly realm. These similarities suggest that Christianity may have been influenced by the Mystery Religions or that they share common themes and beliefs.

The New Testament was not written in Latin. The New Testament was primarily written in Greek, with some portions possibly written in Aramaic. Latin was not commonly spoken or written during the time when the New Testament was written, so it is not considered one of the languages used in its composition.

Marcion was the first person to define the Canon. He was a 2nd-century theologian who proposed a specific list of books that should be considered authoritative scripture. His list included the Gospel of Luke and ten of Paul's epistles, while rejecting the Hebrew Bible and other writings. Marcion's definition of the Canon had a significant impact on early Christianity and sparked debates about which books should be included in the Bible.

Socrates is considered the first to identify the immortal soul because he believed in the existence of the soul separate from the body and that it continues to exist after death. He argued that the soul is the essence of a person and is eternal, while the body is just a temporary vessel. Socrates' ideas on the immortal soul greatly influenced subsequent philosophical and religious beliefs, making him the correct answer to this question.

Yahweh is the correct answer because "Hallelujah" is a Hebrew word that means "praise Yahweh." Yahweh is one of the divine names used to refer to God in the Hebrew Bible. It is often translated as "the Lord" in English translations of the Bible. Therefore, Yahweh is the divine name that is associated with the word "Hallelujah."

The last prophet in the Islamic faith is believed to be Muhammad. Muslims believe that Muhammad was the final prophet sent by God to deliver his message to humanity. He is considered the seal of the prophets and his teachings, as recorded in the Quran, are seen as the final and complete revelation from God. Muhammad's prophethood is seen as the culmination of a long line of prophets, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, among others.

The Greek translation of the Hebrew bible is called the Septuagint, which is represented by the letter LXX in Roman numerals. Therefore, the correct answer is A and B.

Epicureanism is the correct answer because it is a philosophy that emphasizes the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain. The phrase "eat, drink, and be merry" aligns with the Epicurean belief that pleasure and happiness should be the ultimate goals in life. This philosophy encourages individuals to seek enjoyment in simple pleasures and to live in the present moment, rather than worrying about the future or pursuing material possessions.

John Mark is traditionally believed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark. This belief is based on early Christian writings and traditions, which attribute the Gospel to him. Additionally, John Mark is mentioned in the New Testament as a companion of the apostle Peter, which further supports the idea that he could have been the author. However, it is important to note that the authorship of the Gospel of Mark is still debated among scholars, and some argue that it may have been written by someone else or that it could be a compilation of multiple authors.

Contextual criticism is not a type of scholarly criticism used to analyze the Bible. Contextual criticism focuses on the historical and cultural context in which the biblical texts were written, aiming to understand the meaning and message within that specific context. Other types of scholarly criticism used to analyze the Bible include biblical criticism, textual criticism, redaction criticism, and source criticism. These approaches examine different aspects of the biblical texts, such as their authorship, transmission, and editing processes, in order to gain insights into their origins and meanings.

The father of humanism is considered to be Francesco Petrarca, also known as Petrarch. He was an Italian scholar and poet who lived during the 14th century. Petrarch is known for his promotion of the study of classical literature and his emphasis on human potential and individualism. He advocated for a shift in focus from religious teachings to the study of human achievements and the importance of human experience. Petrarch's ideas laid the foundation for the humanist movement, which had a significant impact on the Renaissance period.

The question asks for the most popular book, and the correct answer is "The King James Version." This is because The King James Version is one of the most widely read and influential English translations of the Bible. It has had a significant impact on literature, language, and religious practices, making it a popular choice among readers worldwide.

Matthew 10:5-14 promotes anti-establishment because it instructs the disciples to go out and preach the message of Jesus without relying on material possessions or the support of established religious institutions. It encourages them to challenge the existing power structures and rely on their own faith and the hospitality of others. This passage emphasizes the rejection of societal norms and the establishment of a new way of living and spreading the teachings of Jesus.

Cynicism is a philosophy that believes in living a simple and minimalistic life, free from material possessions. Cynics view material objects as unnecessary and believe that they can lead to corruption and unhappiness. They advocate for a rejection of societal norms and conventions, including the pursuit of wealth and possessions. Instead, they focus on living in accordance with nature and embracing a life of virtue and self-sufficiency. Therefore, the philosophy of cynicism aligns with the idea of casting aside all material objects.

Stoicism is a philosophy that believed in the existence of a certain essence that holds everything in the world together. This essence, known as Logos, is seen as a rational and divine force that governs the universe. Stoics believed that by aligning oneself with this essence, individuals can achieve inner peace and live a virtuous life. They emphasized the importance of accepting things beyond one's control and focusing on developing moral character and virtue. Stoicism taught that by understanding and living in accordance with the Logos, individuals can find meaning and harmony in the world.

The question is asking about the author of the book of Mark. However, the answer is "Unknown" because the true authorship of the book of Mark is uncertain. While traditionally it has been attributed to Mark, who was a companion of the apostle Peter, there is no concrete evidence to confirm this. Therefore, the authorship of the book remains unknown.

The divine name "Adonai" refers to God Almighty. This name is often used in Hebrew to address God with reverence and respect. It signifies God's sovereignty, power, and authority over all things. Adonai is a term that acknowledges and honors God's divine nature and attributes. It is a way of recognizing and submitting to God's supreme authority in our lives.

The correct answer is "B and C". This is because "Quelle" and "Q" are both names used to refer to the hypothetical source material that is believed to have been used by both Matthew and Luke in the composition of their Gospels. The term "Quelle" is a German word meaning "source", and "Q" is the abbreviation commonly used by scholars to refer to this source material. Therefore, "B and C" is the correct answer as both "Quelle" and "Q" are names used for Matthew and Luke's source material.

The sources of Luke are Mark and Q. Mark is one of the synoptic Gospels, which means it shares a lot of similar content with Luke. Q, short for Quelle, is a hypothetical source that is believed to have been used by both Matthew and Luke. It is thought to be a collection of sayings and teachings of Jesus. Therefore, Luke drew from both Mark and Q in composing his Gospel.

Mark, the Gospel of Mark, is believed to have been written down around 68 C.E. This is based on historical evidence and scholarly consensus. Mark is considered to be the earliest of the four canonical gospels and is believed to have been written shortly before or after the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 C.E. The gospel is attributed to Mark, a disciple of Peter, and is an important source of information about the life and teachings of Jesus.

Jesus performed many miracles during his time on earth, but two of the miracles mentioned in the options are Calming of the Sea and Demons into the swine. In the Calming of the Sea, Jesus displayed his power over nature by calming a stormy sea with just a word, demonstrating his authority and control over the elements. In the miracle of Demons into the swine, Jesus cast out a legion of demons from a possessed man and allowed them to enter a herd of pigs, showing his power over evil spirits.

The three emperors who demanded to be worshiped as gods were Augustus, Nero, and Caligula.

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