DNA, RNA, Flashcard Vocabulary Test II
Welcome to the electronic frontier classroom of the 21st century. From his studies with pea plants, Mendel concluded that hereditary factors (genes) determined many of an organism's traits. This vocabulary instrument will test your knowledge of scientists, experiments, and discoveries of DNA. This test will allow you unlimited number of attempts to aid in learning and building test-taking skills. Each test will generate 25 random questions on each attempt. I wish you high marks on all my tests. You can find additional information on the science web site, Mitchell's Cosmic Adventure. Com.
- 1.What is the Y-shaped region that results when the two strands separate called?
- A.
DNA Replication
- B.
Replication Fork
- C.
Base-pairing rules
- D.
Semi-conserative replication
- 2._____ - _____ replication will produce two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand.
- 3.Mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a RNA molecule. Mutations can't have any serious effects on important gene functions.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 4.Ribonucleic Acid molecules functions in various forms to translate the information contained in DNA molecules into proteins.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 5._____ is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
- A.
Transcription
- B.
Translation
- C.
Ribosomal RNA
- D.
Semi-conservative replication
- 6._____ is the process through which cellular ribosomes manufacture proteins, in which messenger RNA (mRNA) is sequentially decoded by transfer RNA (tRNA).
- 7._____ synthesis is the process by which biological cells generate new _____. The assembly of proteins by ribosomes is an essential part of the biosynthetic pathway.
- A.
Proteins, amino acids
- B.
Lipids, proteins
- C.
Carbohydrates, proteins
- D.
Proteins, carbohydrates
- E.
Protein, proteins
- 8.RNA contains a 5-carbon sugar ring (pentose). It is the sugar found in RNA molecules. What is the name of this sugar? (Hint: please enter your answer in all lower case letters.)
- 9._____ is a nitrogenous base found in RNA in positions analogous to the thymine in DNA molecules. It is based upon a pyrimidine ring structure.
- A.
Adenine
- B.
Thymine
- C.
Cytosine
- D.
Guanine
- E.
Uracil
- 10.Transfer RNA is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA nucleotide bases. It is typically _____ to _____ nucleotides in length. It serves as the physical link between the nucleotide sequence of DNA, RNA, and amino acid sequence of proteins.
- A.
25 to 75
- B.
73 to 93
- C.
103 to 143
- D.
123 to 163
- 11.Transcription; Step _____ initiates transcription of a gene by enabling binding of RNA polymerase to promoter DNA.
- A.
One
- B.
Two
- C.
Three
- D.
Four
- E.
Five
- F.
Six
- 12.Transcription; Step _____ helicase enzymes move a transcription bubble, which splits the double helix DNA molecule into two strands of unpaired DNA nucleotides.
- A.
Five
- B.
Six
- C.
One
- D.
Two
- E.
Three
- F.
Four
- 13.Transcription; Step _____ RNA polymerase adds matching RNA nucleotides that are paired with complementary DNA nucleotides of one DNA strand.
- A.
Five
- B.
Six
- C.
One
- D.
Two
- E.
Three
- F.
Four
- 14.Transcription; Step _____ RNA sugar-phosphate backbone forms with assistance from RNA polymerase to form an RNA strand.
- A.
Five
- B.
Six
- C.
One
- D.
Two
- E.
Three
- F.
Four
- 15.Transcription; Step _____ Hydrogen bonds of the untwisted RNA + DNA helix break, freeing the newly synthesized RNA strand.
- A.
Five
- B.
Six
- C.
One
- D.
Two
- E.
Three
- F.
Four
- 16.Transcription; Step _____ if the cell has a nucleus, the RNA is further processed and exits through to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex.
- A.
Five
- B.
Six
- C.
One
- D.
Two
- E.
Three
- F.
Four
- 17._____ _____ is a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene. (HINT: please enter your answers in all lower case letters.)
- 18._____ _____ is the term for the rules that relate how a sequence of nitrogenous bases in nucleotides corresponds to a particular amino acid.
- A.
Genetic code
- B.
Termination signal
- C.
Promoter signal
- D.
Start codon
- 19.A codon is a series of three adjacent bases in one polynucleotide chain of a DNA or RNA molecule, which codes for a specific amino acid.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 20.What is the first codon of an mRNA that always codes for Methionine?
- A.
Start codon
- B.
Termination codon
- C.
Gene codon
- D.
Triple codon
- 21.In the genetic code, there are stop codons or termination codons. It is a nucleotide triplet that signals a termination of translation. Please select the correct "stop codon" as read in mRNA.
- A.
AUU
- B.
CCU
- C.
UGA
- D.
GAG
- E.
GGG
- 22._____, _____, and _____ are stop codons in a nucleotide triplet. Please select the three correct codons from the list below.
- A.
UAA
- B.
UAG
- C.
UGA
- D.
UUU
- E.
CCU
- F.
UGC
- 23._____ is a series of complex biochemical processes the nucleotides sequences in an organism's DNA are translated into the proteins. (Hint: please enter your answer(s) in all lower case letters.)
- 24.When a small subunit of a ribosome charged with a tRNA+the amino acid methionine encounters an mRNA, it attaches and starts to scan for a start signal. Which translation step is being described?
- A.
Initiation Step
- B.
Elongation Step
- C.
Termination Step
- D.
Disassembly Step
- E.
Anticodon Step
- 25.When the ribosome reaches one of three stop codons. There are no corresponding tRNA's to that sequence. Which translation step is being described?
- A.
Initiation Step
- B.
Elongation Step
- C.
Termination Step
- D.
Disassembly Step
- E.
Anticodon Step
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