DNA And Genetics

2.

What are chromosomes made of?

Cytosine
DNA
Sugar
Phosphate

Correct Answer

A. DNA

Explanation

Chromosomes are made of DNA. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long molecule that carries the genetic information of an organism. It is composed of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine). The sequence of these bases in DNA determines the genetic code and plays a crucial role in the inheritance and functioning of living organisms.

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1

3.

What is a nucleotide?

A chromosome
A molecule
A new kind of laundry detergent
Part of DNA

Correct Answer

A. Part of DNA

Explanation

A nucleotide is a molecule that is part of DNA. DNA is made up of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of the DNA molecule. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. These nucleotides join together to form a long chain, which makes up the DNA structure. Therefore, the correct answer is "part of DNA."

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4.

What types of material make up a DNA molecule?

Sugar, phosphate, and a base
Cytosine, guanine, and thymine
Whorl, arch, and loop
Salt, blood and muscle

Correct Answer

A. Sugar, phosphate, and a base

Explanation

The correct answer is sugar, phosphate, and a base. DNA molecules are made up of a sugar molecule called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sugar and phosphate molecules form the backbone of the DNA strand, while the bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) pair up to form the rungs of the DNA ladder. This combination of sugar, phosphate, and base forms the structure of the DNA molecule.

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5.

The organelle in cells where proteins are made from amino acids is called _____________.

Correct Answer
ribosome

Explanation
Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis in cells. They are composed of RNA and protein molecules and are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes read the genetic information stored in mRNA and use it to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins. These proteins play crucial roles in various cellular processes and are essential for the structure and function of organisms. Therefore, ribosomes are the correct answer to the question.

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6.

A diagram of family history used for tracing through family history is called a ____________.

Correct Answer
pedigree

Explanation
A diagram of family history used for tracing through family history is called a pedigree. A pedigree is a visual representation of the genetic relationships within a family, typically showing the presence or absence of a particular trait or condition across multiple generations. It helps in understanding patterns of inheritance and identifying individuals who may be at risk for certain genetic disorders.

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7.

A change in the order of the bases in a organism's DNA; removing something, putting something in, or switching something is called ________________.

Correct Answer
mutation

Explanation
A mutation refers to a change in the order of the bases in an organism's DNA. This change can involve removing a base, inserting a new base, or switching the position of existing bases. Mutations can occur naturally or be induced by various factors such as radiation or chemicals. These changes in DNA sequence can lead to variations in the genetic information of an organism, which can have various effects on its traits and characteristics.

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8.

A worldwide scientific effort to discover the location of each gene and to create a map of the entire human genome is called _____________________.

Correct Answer
Human Genome Project

Explanation
The correct answer is the Human Genome Project, which refers to a global scientific initiative aimed at identifying the location of every gene and creating a comprehensive map of the entire human genome. This project involved scientists from various countries working together to sequence and analyze human DNA, leading to significant advancements in genetics and medicine.

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9.

The analysis of fragments of DNA as a form of identification is called _____________.

Correct Answer
DNA fingerprinting

Explanation
DNA fingerprinting is the correct answer because it refers to the analysis of fragments of DNA for the purpose of identification. This technique involves comparing specific regions of an individual's DNA to determine unique patterns or "fingerprints" that can be used to differentiate between individuals. DNA fingerprinting is commonly used in forensic science, paternity testing, and other fields where accurate identification is crucial.

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10.

DNA produced when genes from one organism are put into another using genetic engineering is called________________.

Correct Answer
recombinant DNA

Explanation
When genes from one organism are inserted into another using genetic engineering, the resulting DNA is known as recombinant DNA. This term refers to the DNA molecule that has been artificially created by combining genetic material from different sources. The process of creating recombinant DNA involves cutting and splicing DNA fragments from one organism into the DNA of another organism. This technology allows scientists to transfer specific genes or traits from one organism to another, leading to the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with desired characteristics.

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DNA And Genetics

Which is NOT a base of DNA?

Quiz Preview

What are chromosomes made of?

What is a nucleotide?

What types of material make up a DNA molecule?

The organelle in cells where proteins are made from amino acids is called _____________.

A diagram of family history used for tracing through family history is called a ____________.

A change in the order of the bases in a organism's DNA; removing something, putting something in, or switching something is called ________________.

A worldwide scientific effort to discover the location of each gene and to create a map of the entire human genome is called _____________________.

The analysis of fragments of DNA as a form of identification is called _____________.

DNA produced when genes from one organism are put into another using genetic engineering is called________________.