Substance Of Diuretics Quiz
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- 1.
Which drug is the most commonly used loop diuretic
- A.
Furosemide
- B.
Torsemide
- C.
Bumetadine
- D.
Ethacrynic Acid
Correct Answer
A. FurosemideExplanation
Furosemide is the most commonly used loop diuretic. It is a medication that helps to increase urine production, which can be beneficial in treating conditions such as edema, congestive heart failure, and kidney disease. Furosemide works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle, a part of the kidney. This leads to increased urine output and helps to reduce fluid buildup in the body. Furosemide is widely prescribed due to its effectiveness and relatively low cost compared to other loop diuretics.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which rug is potentially utilized by athletes to eliminate steroids from their body due the fact it is largely metabolized and fast acting?
- A.
Furosemide
- B.
Torsemide
- C.
Bumetadine
- D.
Erthracryic Acid
- E.
Urea
- F.
Mannitol
Correct Answer
C. BumetadineExplanation
Bumetadine is potentially utilized by athletes to eliminate steroids from their body because it is largely metabolized and fast acting.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A 54 year old patient has a blood pressure of 185/110 and needs anti-hypertensive medication. The patient suffers from dermatitis and has a history of rashis following aminoglycoside treatment. Which of the following diuretics would be the best option for treating the high blood pressure?
- A.
Bumetadine
- B.
Furosemide
- C.
Torsemide
- D.
Ethracyric Acid
Correct Answer
D. Ethracyric AcidExplanation
Ethracyric Acid would be the best option for treating the high blood pressure in this patient. This is because the patient has a history of rash following aminoglycoside treatment, which suggests a possible allergic reaction. Ethracyric Acid is a loop diuretic that does not contain an aminoglycoside structure, making it a safer choice for this patient compared to other loop diuretics like Bumetadine, Furosemide, and Torsemide, which may cross-react and cause a similar allergic reaction.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following would be most effective in preventing the hypokalemia caused by furosemide.
- A.
A drug that blocks Na+ channels in the collecting ducts
- B.
Increased aldosterone release
- C.
Increased vasopressin reslease
- D.
Administering flurosemide with metolazone
Correct Answer
A. A drug that blocks Na+ channels in the collecting ductsExplanation
Blocking Na+ channels in the collecting ducts would be most effective in preventing hypokalemia caused by furosemide. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle. This leads to increased excretion of potassium in the urine, which can result in hypokalemia. By blocking Na+ channels in the collecting ducts, less sodium would be reabsorbed, resulting in less potassium being excreted and therefore preventing hypokalemia.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A 55 year old male with kidney stones has been placed on a diuretic. After af ew weeks he has a attack of gout. Which diuretic was he taking?
- A.
Flurosemide
- B.
Hydrocholorothiaizde
- C.
Spironolactone
- D.
Triameterne
Correct Answer
B. HydrocholorothiaizdeExplanation
The patient developed an attack of gout after being on a diuretic for a few weeks. Gout is a type of arthritis that occurs due to the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. Diuretics can increase the levels of uric acid in the body by reducing its excretion through the kidneys. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that has been associated with an increased risk of gout. Therefore, it is likely that the patient was taking hydrochlorothiazide, which led to the development of gout.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Physiologically, which is the only area of the nephron where no salt reabsorption occurs
- A.
PCT
- B.
Thin Ascending Limb
- C.
Thick Ascending Limb
- D.
DCT
- E.
Collecting Duct
Correct Answer
B. Thin Ascending LimbExplanation
The correct answer is the Thin Ascending Limb. This is the only area of the nephron where no salt reabsorption occurs. In the Thin Ascending Limb, water is reabsorbed, but sodium and chloride ions are not. This allows for the concentration of urine, as water is removed without the reabsorption of salt. The Thick Ascending Limb, on the other hand, actively reabsorbs sodium and chloride ions, while the PCT, DCT, and Collecting Duct also play roles in reabsorption and concentration of urine.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Concerning renal physiology, which area is the Na / K / 2Cl transporter found
- A.
PCT
- B.
Thin Descending Limb
- C.
Thick Ascending Limb
- D.
DCT
- E.
Collecting Ducts
Correct Answer
C. Thick Ascending LimbExplanation
The Na/K/2Cl transporter is found in the thick ascending limb of the renal tubule. This transporter plays a crucial role in the reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions from the tubular fluid back into the bloodstream. It helps in establishing the concentration gradient that drives the reabsorption of water in the later parts of the nephron. The thick ascending limb is impermeable to water, so the reabsorption of ions without water helps in creating a dilute urine.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which drug would most likely to be used to treat a standard case of hypertension
- A.
Hydrochlorothiazide
- B.
Furosemdie
- C.
Torsemide
- D.
Bumetadine
Correct Answer
A. HydrochlorothiazideExplanation
Thiazides are the most commonly used in treatinghypertensionRate this question:
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- 9.
A patient who has a poor kidney is also suffering from pulmonary edema. What drug do you give to treat them?
- A.
Chlorthalidone
- B.
Torsemide
- C.
Hydrochlorothiazide
- D.
Metolazone
Correct Answer
B. TorsemideExplanation
Torsemide is the correct drug to treat a patient with poor kidney function and pulmonary edema. Torsemide is a loop diuretic that helps to remove excess fluid from the body by increasing urine production. It is commonly used to treat conditions such as congestive heart failure and kidney disease, which can lead to fluid accumulation in the lungs. By promoting diuresis, Torsemide helps to relieve the symptoms of pulmonary edema, such as shortness of breath and swelling.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the thiazides has the lowest oral bioavailability?
- A.
Hydrochlorothiazide
- B.
Chlorothiazide
- C.
Chlorthalidone
- D.
Metolazone
- E.
Indapmide
Correct Answer
B. ChlorothiazideExplanation
Chlorothiazide has the lowest oral bioavailability among the thiazides listed. Oral bioavailability refers to the fraction of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation after oral administration. Chlorothiazide has a relatively low oral bioavailability due to its poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. This means that a smaller amount of the drug is available for systemic effects when taken orally compared to the other thiazides listed.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Why do thiazides have the strongest efect in releiving blood pressure?
- A.
Because of their secondary effect at the arterioles
- B.
Because of their effect on decreasing calcium
- C.
Because of the hypokalemia they sometimes induce
- D.
Because of hyperglycemia
Correct Answer
A. Because of their secondary effect at the arteriolesExplanation
Thiazides have the strongest effect in relieving blood pressure because of their secondary effect at the arterioles. This means that thiazides not only directly affect the kidneys to increase urine production and decrease fluid volume, but they also cause dilation of the arterioles, which helps to reduce peripheral resistance and lower blood pressure. This secondary effect on the arterioles is believed to be the main reason for the effectiveness of thiazides in treating hypertension.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The pharmacological actions of what class of drugs are classified ONLY by a increase in sodium loss and a increase in water loss?
- A.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
- B.
Osmotic Diuretics
- C.
Loop Diuretics
- D.
Thiazide Diuretics
- E.
Na Channel Blockers
- F.
Aldosteron Antagonists
Correct Answer
A. Carbonic Anhydrase InhibitorsExplanation
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors are a class of drugs that work by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is responsible for the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys. By inhibiting this enzyme, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors increase the loss of sodium and water in the urine, leading to diuresis. This is the only class of drugs in the given options that is classified solely by an increase in sodium loss and water loss.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The parmacological actions of what class of drugs are classified ONLY by a decrease in sodium, decrease in cl, decrease in water, decrease in calcium, decrease in magnesium, and decrease in K reabsorption?
- A.
Osmotic Diuretics
- B.
Loop Diuretics
- C.
Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors
- D.
K Spairing Diuretics
Correct Answer
B. Loop DiureticsExplanation
Loop diuretics are a class of drugs that act on the loop of Henle in the kidneys to inhibit the reabsorption of sodium, chloride, water, calcium, magnesium, and potassium. By decreasing the reabsorption of these ions, loop diuretics increase the excretion of water and electrolytes, leading to diuresis. This class of drugs is commonly used to treat conditions such as edema and hypertension.Rate this question:
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- 14.
For the best diuretic efficacy, you would utilize a drug which targets which area of the nephron?
- A.
PCT
- B.
Thin Descending Limb
- C.
Thick Ascending Limb
- D.
DCT
- E.
Collecting Ducts
Correct Answer
C. Thick Ascending LimbExplanation
The correct answer is the Thick Ascending Limb. This segment of the nephron is responsible for reabsorbing sodium and chloride ions, while impermeable to water. By inhibiting the reabsorption of these ions, diuretic drugs can increase the excretion of water and electrolytes, resulting in increased urine production. Therefore, targeting the Thick Ascending Limb would provide the best diuretic efficacy.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Aldosterone and ADH act at which area of the nephron?
- A.
PCT
- B.
Thin Descending Limb
- C.
Thick Ascending Limb
- D.
DCT
- E.
Collecting Ducts
Correct Answer
E. Collecting DuctsExplanation
Aldosterone and ADH act at the collecting ducts of the nephron. The collecting ducts are responsible for reabsorbing water and concentrating the urine. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the collecting ducts, while ADH increases water reabsorption. Together, these hormones help regulate the body's fluid balance and maintain blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following statements concering Na+ reabsorption is incorrect?
- A.
It can involve either active transport or passive diffusion mechanisms
- B.
Passive transport is mediated by the same transport mechanism body wide
- C.
Active transport is mediated by the Na / K transporter in the basolateral membrane
- D.
Salt tastes good on your sandwhich
Correct Answer
B. Passive transport is mediated by the same transport mechanism body wideExplanation
Passive transport is not mediated by the same transport mechanism body wide. Passive transport refers to the movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy. In the case of Na+ reabsorption, passive transport occurs through ion channels or leak channels that allow Na+ ions to move down their concentration gradient. This process is not the same throughout the body, as different cells and tissues may have different types of ion channels or transport proteins involved in passive Na+ transport. Therefore, the statement that passive transport is mediated by the same transport mechanism body wide is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which fo the following statements concerning diuretics is false?
- A.
Aldosterone antagonists are synthetic steroids that can move from the blood to the lipid layer
- B.
All diuretics work by either actively or passivly flowing from the tubular lumen to their respective site of action
- C.
Loop diuretics have the highest efficacy in producing Na and water loss from the body
- D.
Furosemide is the most commonly used loop diuretic
Correct Answer
B. All diuretics work by either actively or passivly flowing from the tubular lumen to their respective site of actionExplanation
The given statement is false because not all diuretics work by actively or passively flowing from the tubular lumen to their respective site of action. Some diuretics, such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the proximal tubule. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A patient who is suffering from renal failure comes into your office complaining that he cannot pee. Which of the following drugs should you prescribe him for maximal immediate efficacy
- A.
Furosemide
- B.
Torsemide
- C.
Bumetadine
- D.
Hydrochlorothiazide
- E.
Chlorothiazide
Correct Answer
A. FurosemideExplanation
Furosemide is a loop diuretic commonly used to treat conditions such as congestive heart failure, kidney disorders, and high blood pressure. It works by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle in the kidneys, leading to increased urine output (diuresis). In patients with renal failure, loop diuretics like furosemide are often preferred because they act directly on the kidneys and are effective even when kidney function is impaired. Furosemide provides maximal immediate efficacy in promoting diuresis, making it a suitable choice in this scenario.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following statements concering diuretics is TRUE?
- A.
Thiazide diuretics are the most effective class in lowering blood pressure
- B.
Co administration of thiazide diuretics and NSAIDs increase the overal efficacy of the drugs
- C.
Chlorothiazide has the highest oral bioavailability of the thiazides
- D.
Thiasides have a high efficacy and are very potent, they are thus indicated for short term treatment
- E.
Thiazides cause smooth muscle relaxation, vasoconrstiction, and increased peripheral resistance
Correct Answer
A. Thiazide diuretics are the most effective class in lowering blood pressure -
- 20.
A patient comes into your office who has had chronic trouble urinating. He also suffers from mild hypertension. Which treatment would be the best long term solution for his problem?
- A.
Indapamide
- B.
Furosemide
- C.
Torsemide
- D.
Bumetadine
- E.
Spironolactone
Correct Answer
A. IndapamideExplanation
Indapamide is a thiazide like diuretics. Thiazide / thiazide like diuretics are used to treat chronic problems because of their long duration of action and antihypertensive properties.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A Na / Ca exchanger is located on in what segment of the nephron on the apical side of the cell?
- A.
PCT
- B.
Thin Descending Limb
- C.
Thick Ascending Limb
- D.
DCT
- E.
Collecting Ducts
Correct Answer
D. DCTExplanation
The correct answer is DCT. The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is the segment of the nephron where a Na / Ca exchanger is located on the apical side of the cell. This exchanger plays a crucial role in the reabsorption of sodium and calcium ions from the filtrate back into the bloodstream. The DCT is responsible for fine-tuning the concentration of these ions in the urine, helping to maintain electrolyte balance in the body.Rate this question:
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- 22.
When administered, which drug would lead to a increase in plasma calcium levels?
- A.
Metolazone
- B.
Ethracryinc Acid
- C.
Bumetadine
- D.
Torsemide
- E.
Spironolactone
Correct Answer
A. MetolazoneExplanation
Metolazone is a thiazide-like diuretic that works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys. This leads to increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including calcium. As a result, there is a decrease in calcium reabsorption, leading to an increase in plasma calcium levels. Therefore, Metolazone would be the drug that leads to an increase in plasma calcium levels.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A common side effect of loop diuretics is hyponatremia. Which of the following compound would be given to best treat this?
- A.
Amiloride
- B.
Triametrene
- C.
Tolvapatan
- D.
Spironolactone
- E.
Canreone
Correct Answer
C. TolvapatanExplanation
Vasopression Antagonists, inhibit aldosterone, decreases water reabsorption, and thus are used to treat hyponatremiaRate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following statements concerning diuretics is FALSE?
- A.
Canrenone is the active metabolite of spironolactone
- B.
Eplerenome has a strong anti-androgen effect
- C.
Potassium sparring drugs cause a decrease in Na channel expression, activity, and K channel expression
- D.
Potassiu sparring drugs cause a decrease in Na reabsorption, increase in K reabsorption, and a decrease in water reabsorption
- E.
Potassium sparring drugs are most commonly used in combination with a thiazide loop diuretic to prevent excess potassium loss
Correct Answer
B. Eplerenome has a strong anti-androgen effect -
- 25.
A patient walks into your office with a case of moderate hypertension. in order to most effectively treat him, what do you start him out on?
- A.
Hydrochlorothiazide
- B.
Hydrochlorothiazide + Eplerone
- C.
Furosemide
- D.
Furosemide + Spirolactone
Correct Answer
B. Hydrochlorothiazide + EpleroneExplanation
Eplernone is preferred to spironolactone because it has no anti androgen effect due to its lower affinity for androgen receptorsRate this question:
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- 26.
THe most common side effect of K spairing drugs are
- A.
Hyperkalemia
- B.
Hypovolemia
- C.
Hyponapthemia
- D.
GI problems
Correct Answer
A. HyperkalemiaExplanation
The most common side effect of K sparing drugs is hyperkalemia, which refers to high levels of potassium in the blood. K sparing drugs work by preventing the excretion of potassium in the kidneys, leading to an accumulation of potassium in the body. This can disrupt the normal balance of electrolytes and cause symptoms such as muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, and numbness or tingling. It is important to monitor potassium levels regularly when taking K sparing drugs to prevent hyperkalemia and its associated complications.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which statment is true concerning Osmotic DIuretics
- A.
Osmotic diuretics are filtered at the glomerulus however are not reabsorbed in the nephron
- B.
They have only one main site of action
- C.
They act primarily on the DCT
- D.
A example of a osmotic diuretic is conivaptan
Correct Answer
A. Osmotic diuretics are filtered at the glomerulus however are not reabsorbed in the nephronExplanation
They act on the PCT + Thin descending limb.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which of the following drugs has action at the thin descending limb?
- A.
Mannitol
- B.
Acetazolamide
- C.
Tolvaptan
- D.
Spironolactone
- E.
Eplereone
Correct Answer
A. MannitolExplanation
Mannitol is the correct answer because it is a diuretic that acts primarily at the thin descending limb of the loop of Henle. It inhibits water reabsorption in this segment of the nephron, leading to increased urine output. Acetazolamide, Tolvaptan, Spironolactone, and Eplereone do not specifically target the thin descending limb.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which drug has its major site of action at the PCT and a minor site of action at the Collecting duct?
- A.
Acetazolamide
- B.
Mannitol
- C.
Isorbide
- D.
Glycerin
- E.
Tolvaptan
- F.
Conivaptan
Correct Answer
A. AcetazolamideExplanation
Acetazolamide is a diuretic that acts primarily at the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and has a minor site of action at the collecting duct. It inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the PCT, which leads to decreased reabsorption of bicarbonate and increased excretion of sodium, potassium, and water. This increases the urine volume and decreases the reabsorption of water in the collecting duct. Therefore, acetazolamide's major site of action is at the PCT and its minor site of action is at the collecting duct.Rate this question:
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Feb 12, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Nov 06, 2012Quiz Created by
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