Dhyg 219 Oral Pathology Lecture 2 Injuries To Teeth Pt. 2

Erosion is the loss of tooth structure resulting from chemical action. This can occur due to the exposure of teeth to acidic substances, such as certain foods and drinks, or from stomach acid in cases of acid reflux or bulimia. The acid wears away the enamel, leading to tooth erosion. Attrition refers to the natural wearing down of teeth from normal use, while abrasion is the loss of tooth structure due to external mechanical factors, such as aggressive tooth brushing. Abfraction refers to the loss of tooth structure at the gum line, often caused by tooth flexure during biting and chewing. Bruxism is the habit of grinding or clenching teeth, which can lead to tooth wear, but it is not specifically related to chemical action.

Attrition is a normal occurrence and happens as an individual ages. This means that it is a natural process that commonly takes place as a person gets older. It is a gradual wearing away or loss of something, such as the erosion of teeth or the loss of bone density. Therefore, the correct answer is "Normal."

The signs and symptoms resulting from Bruxism and their extent are related to the intensity of the grinding and clenching. Bruxism refers to the habit of grinding or clenching the teeth, usually during sleep. The intensity of grinding and clenching can vary from person to person, and it directly affects the severity of the signs and symptoms experienced. Therefore, the correct answer is "clenching."

The correct answer is "wear facets". Wear facets are a common sign of bruxism, which is the grinding or clenching of teeth. These are flat or slightly concave areas on the enamel surfaces of teeth that result from the repetitive rubbing or grinding action. Other signs and symptoms mentioned in the question, such as abnormal attrition, hypertrophy of masticatory muscles, muscle tenderness, and tooth mobility, are also associated with bruxism.

The correct answer is "first" because the passage states that the dental hygienist may be the first healthcare professional to identify a patient with bulimia. This implies that the dental hygienist is often the first person to notice the erosion of the lingual surfaces of the teeth caused by frequent vomiting, which is a common sign of bulimia. Therefore, they can play a crucial role in identifying the condition and encouraging the patient to seek treatment.

The given statement suggests that attrition, which refers to the wearing down of teeth, occurs in both deciduous (baby) and permanent dentitions (adult teeth). It is described as a slow process that begins as soon as the teeth come into contact with each other and continues throughout this contact. This implies that the wearing down of teeth happens gradually over time rather than quickly or abruptly.

Abrasion is most commonly seen in exposed root surfaces because the cementum and dentin are not as hard as enamel. The root surfaces are more vulnerable to wear and tear from factors such as toothbrush abrasion or grinding. However, it is important to note that abrasion can also occur on enamel surfaces, although it is less common. Enamel is the outer protective layer of the tooth, which is harder and more resistant to abrasion compared to the underlying root surfaces.

Attrition refers to the wearing away of tooth structure during mastication. This process occurs due to the normal functioning of the teeth, such as chewing and grinding food. Over time, the constant contact between the teeth can lead to the gradual loss of enamel and dentin, resulting in tooth wear. This can be caused by factors such as age, diet, and teeth grinding. Therefore, attrition is the correct answer for the given question.

Bruxism is the correct answer because it refers to the habit of grinding and clenching the teeth together in a nonfunctional manner. This can occur during the day or night, often subconsciously. Bruxism can lead to various dental problems, including tooth wear, jaw pain, headaches, and damaged teeth. Treatment options for bruxism may include the use of a mouthguard, stress management techniques, and addressing any underlying causes or contributing factors.

The erosion loss may occur on the smooth facial or lingual surfaces of the teeth and on the proximal and occlusal surfaces.

Abrasion refers to the pathologic wearing away of tooth structure caused by repetitive mechanical habits. This can occur due to actions such as aggressive tooth brushing, using abrasive toothpaste, or chewing on hard objects. The constant friction and pressure on the teeth lead to the gradual wearing down of the enamel and dentin, resulting in tooth structure loss.

Abfraction is a type of tooth wear that occurs due to excessive forces being applied to the teeth. The weakened tooth structure in abfraction is more likely to be worn down by abrasion, especially from a toothbrush. The bristles of a toothbrush can cause friction and wear away the weakened tooth structure, leading to abfraction. Therefore, the correct answer is "toothbrush" as it is the most likely cause of abrasion in abfraction.

The pattern of tooth erosion often indicates the causative agent or a particular habit such as bulimia caused by chronic vomiting. This is because frequent vomiting exposes the teeth to stomach acid, which can lead to erosion of the tooth enamel over time.

The process of abrasion refers to the wearing away of tooth structure due to friction or mechanical forces. In this context, the term "slow" makes sense as it implies that the wearing away of tooth structure is gradual rather than rapid. The dentin, which is the layer beneath the enamel, responds to this abrasion by laying down a protective layer of secondary dentin. This protective response takes time to develop, further supporting the idea that the process of abrasion is slow.

Attrition is the process of wearing down the teeth due to normal use and grinding. It typically affects the incisal, occlusal, and proximal surfaces of the teeth. However, it is rarely seen on any other tooth surface unless the teeth are abnormally positioned in the arch. This means that attrition is not commonly observed on surfaces other than the ones mentioned, unless there is an abnormal arrangement of teeth.

Abfraction typically appears as wedge-shaped lesions at the cervical areas of teeth. Abfraction is a type of tooth wear that occurs due to excessive stress and flexure on the tooth structure. This stress leads to the loss of tooth enamel, particularly at the gumline, resulting in the characteristic wedge-shaped lesions. Erosion refers to the loss of tooth enamel due to chemical factors, while bruxism is the grinding or clenching of teeth. Attrition refers to the wearing down of teeth due to tooth-to-tooth contact, and abrasion is the wearing down of teeth due to external factors such as toothbrushing.

In abrasion, pupal exposure does not usually result.

Abfraction type lesions occur in adults due to biomechanical forces on the teeth. These forces can result from fatigue, flexure, fracture, and deformation of the tooth structure. The term "biomechanical" refers to the combination of biological and mechanical factors that contribute to these lesions. It suggests that the forces acting on the teeth, such as chewing or grinding, cause stress and strain on the tooth structure, leading to the development of abfraction lesions.

The correct answer is "smooth and polished." The erosion area is described as smooth and polished because erosion typically results in the loss of tooth enamel, which leads to a smooth and polished appearance on the affected teeth. This is in contrast to other options such as rough and jagged, rough and indented, or pitted and rough, which would suggest a different dental condition or damage.