CST 110 - Test #1 Chapters 5, 6, And 7

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1. ______________ dictates that flaming is inappropriate.

Explanation

Netiquette is the set of rules and guidelines for appropriate behavior on the internet. It dictates that flaming, which refers to the act of sending or posting hostile and insulting messages online, is inappropriate. Netiquette promotes respectful and considerate communication, discouraging any form of online harassment or offensive language. By adhering to netiquette, individuals can create a positive and respectful online environment.

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About This Quiz
CST 110 - Test #1 Chapters 5, 6, And 7 - Quiz


Hello Class,
Answer the following multiple choice, true/false, and fill in the blank questions.
Each question is worth 1.05 points.
Please let me know if you have any questions.... see more
S. Goodwin see less

2. All of the kinds of human responses not expressed in words are called ___________________.

Explanation

Nonverbal communication refers to all the forms of human responses that are not expressed through words. This includes facial expressions, body language, gestures, tone of voice, and other nonverbal cues. These nonverbal cues play a significant role in conveying messages, emotions, and intentions. They can provide additional meaning and context to verbal communication, and are often used to interpret and understand the underlying message being conveyed. Nonverbal communication is an essential aspect of human interaction and can greatly impact the effectiveness of communication.

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3. The term haptics refers to

Explanation

Haptics refers to the sense of touch. It involves the perception and interpretation of tactile sensations, such as pressure, temperature, and texture, through the skin. This sensory system allows us to interact with and explore the physical world around us by providing feedback and information about objects and surfaces. Haptics is essential for various activities, including communication, object manipulation, and spatial awareness.

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4. Chronemics refers to

Explanation

Chronemics refers to the study of how time is perceived and used in different cultures and interpersonal interactions. It examines how people interpret and assign meaning to time, as well as how they manage and organize their time. This includes aspects such as punctuality, waiting time, and the use of time in communication. Chronemics plays a crucial role in understanding cultural differences and communication patterns, as different cultures may have varying perceptions and values associated with time.

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5. Meaningless sounds in speech are called

Explanation

Nonfluencies refer to meaningless sounds or interruptions that occur in speech, such as "um," "uh," or pauses. These sounds are considered to be meaningless because they do not contribute to the content or meaning of the speech. Instead, they often indicate hesitation, uncertainty, or a need for time to think. Nonfluencies can occur due to various factors, including nervousness, lack of preparation, or simply as a natural part of speech.

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6. According to Daniel Goleman, empathic listeners are effective at

Explanation

Decentering refers to the ability to step outside of one's own perspective and understand the thoughts and feelings of others. Empathic listeners, as described by Daniel Goleman, possess this skill and are effective at decentering. This means that they are able to put themselves in someone else's shoes and truly understand their experiences and emotions. By doing so, empathic listeners are able to build stronger connections with others, communicate more effectively, and provide support and understanding in a meaningful way.

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7. Benjamin Whorf believed that our words determine the reality that we are able to see.

Explanation

Benjamin Whorf believed in the theory of linguistic relativity, which suggests that the language we speak influences the way we perceive and think about the world. According to Whorf, our words shape our reality by influencing our thoughts and perceptions. This means that the language we use can limit or expand our understanding of the world around us. Therefore, the statement "Benjamin Whorf believed that our words determine the reality that we are able to see" is true, as it accurately reflects Whorf's belief in the power of language to shape our perception of reality.

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8. Culture determines a person's style of response – whether to be indirect and be concerned about the other person's saving face in public, or be up front and direct.

Explanation

Culture plays a significant role in determining a person's style of response. In some cultures, individuals may prefer to be indirect and prioritize saving face in public, while in others, people may choose to be upfront and direct. This suggests that cultural norms and values influence how individuals communicate and respond to others. Therefore, the statement "Culture determines a person's style of response - whether to be indirect and be concerned about the other person's saving face in public, or be up front and direct" is true.

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9. The person who initiates touch is usually the one with higher status.

Explanation

The statement suggests that in social interactions, the person who initiates touch is often perceived as having higher status. This implies that the person is comfortable asserting their dominance or authority by initiating physical contact. This behavior is commonly observed in various social contexts, such as business meetings or social gatherings, where individuals with higher status tend to take the lead and assert their dominance through touch.

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10. One possible reason that men have more ulcers than women is that males are more likely to avoid displaying their emotions.

Explanation

One possible reason that men have more ulcers than women is that males are more likely to avoid displaying their emotions. This could lead to increased stress levels and a higher likelihood of developing ulcers. Stress is known to be a contributing factor in the development of ulcers, and if men are less likely to express their emotions and find healthy ways to cope with stress, they may be more susceptible to developing ulcers.

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11. Jargon is appropriate if the receiver is familiar with it.

Explanation

Jargon refers to specialized terminology or language that is specific to a particular field or profession. It is appropriate to use jargon when the receiver of the message is familiar with it, as it allows for more efficient and effective communication. Using jargon can help convey complex ideas or concepts quickly and accurately to individuals who have the necessary background knowledge. However, if the receiver is not familiar with the jargon, it can lead to confusion and a breakdown in communication. Therefore, it is important to consider the level of familiarity of the receiver when deciding whether to use jargon.

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12. One function of nonverbal communication is to negate a verbal message.

Explanation

Nonverbal communication can be used to contradict or negate a verbal message. For example, if someone says "I'm fine" with a sad facial expression and slumped posture, their nonverbal cues contradict their verbal message, indicating that they are not actually fine. Therefore, the statement that one function of nonverbal communication is to negate a verbal message is true.

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13. A speaker can use his or her eye movements to express nonverbal messages in ways that confuse a listener.

Explanation

A speaker can use their eye movements to express nonverbal messages in ways that confuse a listener. Eye movements can convey emotions, intentions, and attitudes, and they can also indicate whether the speaker is paying attention or disinterested. However, these nonverbal cues can sometimes be misinterpreted or misunderstood by the listener, leading to confusion.

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14. Prejudiced language communicates a negative bias.

Explanation

Prejudiced language refers to using words or phrases that show a biased or unfair opinion towards a particular group of people. When someone uses prejudiced language, it communicates a negative bias because it perpetuates stereotypes, discrimination, and marginalization. It can lead to harm and hurt feelings for those who are targeted by such language. Therefore, the statement that prejudiced language communicates a negative bias is true.

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15. Ethnic mixing is changing the face of attractiveness in advertising.

Explanation

Ethnic mixing refers to the representation of diverse ethnicities in advertising. This statement suggests that the concept of attractiveness in advertising is no longer limited to a specific ethnicity but includes a broader range of ethnicities. This could be due to the increasing recognition and appreciation of diversity in society, as well as the desire of advertisers to appeal to a wider audience. Therefore, the statement "Ethnic mixing is changing the face of attractiveness in advertising" implies that the traditional standards of attractiveness in advertising are being redefined to include a more diverse range of ethnicities.

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16. The listener who leans away from the person talking and avoids eye contact displays passive listening behaviors.

Explanation

Passive listening behaviors are characterized by the listener leaning away from the person talking and avoiding eye contact. This indicates a lack of engagement and interest in the conversation. The listener may not be actively listening and may not fully comprehend or absorb the information being communicated.

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17. Margo chastised her brother for using negative words. She is practicing linguistic determinism.

Explanation

The given statement suggests that Margo chastised her brother for using negative words, indicating that she believes in the concept of linguistic determinism. Linguistic determinism is the idea that language shapes and determines our thoughts and perceptions of the world. By chastising her brother for using negative words, Margo is implying that the use of negative language can have a negative impact on one's thoughts and perceptions. Therefore, the statement supports the idea that Margo is practicing linguistic determinism.

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18. With regard to eye gaze, Bandler and Grinder theorize that

Explanation

Bandler and Grinder theorize that people look in one direction when they try to remember something and in a different direction when they try to invent something.

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19. Voice mail is an example of asynchronous listening.

Explanation

Voice mail is an example of asynchronous listening because it allows the sender to leave a message for the recipient without requiring them to be present in real-time. The recipient can listen to the message at their convenience, making it an asynchronous form of communication.

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20. Listening to your iPod or watching a movie are examples of appreciative listening.

Explanation

Listening to your iPod or watching a movie can be considered examples of appreciative listening because in both cases, you are actively choosing to engage in the activity and focusing on the content being presented. Appreciative listening involves enjoying and appreciating the sounds or visuals being presented, rather than actively trying to understand or analyze the information.

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21. Symbols and what they represent are independent of one another.

Explanation

This statement means that symbols and their meanings are not inherently connected or dependent on each other. In other words, a symbol can represent different things to different people or in different contexts. This is true because the meaning of a symbol is often subjective and can vary based on individual interpretation or cultural significance.

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22. Disclaimers diminish a statement's importance.

Explanation

Disclaimers are statements that reduce the significance or validity of a statement. By including a disclaimer, the speaker or writer is indicating that the statement may not be completely accurate or reliable. This can diminish the importance of the statement and make it less impactful. Therefore, the correct answer is true, as disclaimers do indeed diminish a statement's importance.

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23. The connotative meaning of a word is

Explanation

The connotative meaning of a word refers to the personal or subjective meaning that it carries for an individual. Unlike the dictionary definition, which is the literal or denotative meaning of a word, the connotation is the emotional or cultural association that a word evokes. This connotative meaning can vary from person to person, as it is influenced by personal experiences, beliefs, and cultural background. Therefore, the correct answer is "its personal meaning for someone."

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24. Which of the following statements about "powertalkers" is most accurate?

Explanation

The most accurate statement about "powertalkers" is that they make definite statements. This means that they are assertive and confident in their speech, expressing their opinions or beliefs without hesitation or ambiguity. Unlike the other options, which suggest that powertalkers use hedging language, ask tag questions, or use nonfluencies, this answer highlights their direct and decisive communication style.

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25. A euphemism

Explanation

A euphemism is a figure of speech that replaces a harsh or unpleasant word with a more pleasant or less offensive one. It is used to soften the impact of the word or phrase and make it more socially acceptable or less direct. This can be seen in phrases such as "passed away" instead of "died" or "correctional facility" instead of "prison". Therefore, the correct answer is that a euphemism substitutes a pleasant word for an unpleasant one.

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26. Which of the following factors would have the least impact on the meaning of a word?

Explanation

The denotative meaning of a word refers to its dictionary definition or literal meaning. This factor would have the least impact on the meaning of a word because it is objective and does not take into account subjective factors such as personal experience or regional variations. Time, personal experience, and the region of the country can all influence the connotative meaning of a word, which is the subjective or cultural associations and emotions attached to it. Therefore, the denotative meaning would have the least impact on the overall meaning of a word.

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27. According to your text,

Explanation

Based on the information provided, the correct answer is that men are more likely to touch women than women are to touch men. This suggests that there is a gender difference in touch behavior, with men being more inclined to initiate physical contact with women. However, it is important to note that this answer is based solely on the given text and may not reflect the complete picture or any potential cultural or individual variations in touch behavior.

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28. The verbal and nonverbal messages that a person consciously or unconsciously sends in response to another person's communication are called

Explanation

Feedback refers to the verbal and nonverbal messages that a person consciously or unconsciously sends in response to another person's communication. It is a way of providing a response or reaction to the original message, allowing the sender to understand how their message was received and interpreted. Feedback can be both verbal, such as through words or tone of voice, and nonverbal, such as through body language or facial expressions. It is an important aspect of effective communication as it helps in improving understanding and promoting better communication between individuals.

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29. Empathic or empathetic listening is intended

Explanation

Empathic or empathetic listening is a type of active listening where the listener tries to understand and connect with the speaker's emotions and experiences. It involves showing genuine interest, providing support, and offering empathy to the speaker. The purpose of empathic listening is to assist and support others by creating a safe and non-judgmental space for them to express themselves. It helps build trust, strengthen relationships, and promote effective communication.

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30. Visualization, paraphrasing, and repetition are examples of

Explanation

Visualization, paraphrasing, and repetition are all techniques that can help individuals retain information. Visualization involves creating mental images or visual representations of the information, which can make it easier to remember. Paraphrasing involves restating the information in one's own words, which can help with understanding and retention. Repetition involves repeating the information multiple times, which can reinforce memory and retention. These techniques are not related to evaluating content, persuasion, or empathic listening.

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31. In a serial communication, we may distort the message before passing it along when

Explanation

In a serial communication, distorting the message before passing it along can occur when we make changes to clarify something we find confusing. This suggests that the distortion is unintentional and done with the intention of improving understanding. The other options, such as unfavorable perceptions of the sender or receiver, or disagreement with the content of the message, do not necessarily imply intentional distortion of the message.

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32. Which of the following statements is true?

Explanation

This statement is true because research has shown that women are more likely to provide vocal and verbal feedback during conversations. They tend to use more supportive and encouraging words, such as "mm-hmm" and "I see", to show their engagement and understanding. Women also tend to ask more questions and seek clarification, which indicates active listening and involvement in the conversation. On the other hand, men are often more focused on the content of the message rather than providing feedback or emotional support.

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33. The "triangle of meaning" was developed by

Explanation

The "triangle of meaning" refers to a model developed by Ogden and Richards. This model suggests that there is a relationship between a symbol (word), the referent (the thing or concept being referred to), and the thought or idea in the mind of the person using the symbol. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the context and shared meaning behind symbols in communication.

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34. Which of these is not an aspect of kinesics?

Explanation

Haptics is not an aspect of kinesics. Kinesics refers to the study of body movements, including facial expressions, posture, and gestures. Haptics, on the other hand, refers to the study of touch and its communication. While haptics is an important aspect of nonverbal communication, it is not specifically categorized under kinesics.

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35. When we mask an emotion, we

Explanation

When we mask an emotion, we replace it with another emotion. This means that instead of expressing our true feelings, we choose to display a different emotion that may be more socially acceptable or appropriate in a given situation. Masking our emotions can be a way to hide our true feelings or to conform to societal expectations.

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36. When we use "I" messages, we

Explanation

When we use "I" messages, we avoid placing blame. "I" messages are a communication technique that focuses on expressing our own feelings and needs without blaming or criticizing others. By using "I" messages, we take responsibility for our own emotions and avoid accusing or attacking the other person. This approach promotes open and constructive communication, allowing both parties to express themselves without feeling defensive or attacked.

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37. Paralanguage includes all but which of the following?

Explanation

Paralanguage refers to the non-verbal elements of communication, such as tone, pitch, rate, volume, and pauses. These elements convey meaning and emotions alongside the words being spoken. Therefore, words are not included in paralanguage, as they are part of the verbal aspect of communication.

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38. Facial expressions that accompany the communication of multiple emotions are called

Explanation

Affect blends refer to facial expressions that involve a combination of multiple emotions. These expressions can convey a mixture of different emotional states simultaneously.

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39. Which statement concerning formative feedback is true?

Explanation

Formative feedback refers to feedback that is given during the learning process to help improve performance. The statement "Timing is the most important element" is true because providing feedback at the right time is crucial for its effectiveness. Feedback given too late may not have the desired impact, while feedback given too early may not be relevant or useful. Therefore, timing plays a significant role in ensuring that formative feedback is timely and beneficial for the learner.

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40. According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,

Explanation

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that the labels we use play a significant role in shaping our thoughts, worldview, and behavior. This means that the language we use influences how we perceive and understand the world around us. The words and categories we use can shape our thoughts and influence the way we interpret and interact with our environment. This hypothesis highlights the importance of language in shaping our cognition and cultural perspectives.

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41. According to Robin Lakoff, which of the following groups has a tendency to use "tag questions"?

Explanation

According to Robin Lakoff, women have a tendency to use "tag questions".

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42. To avoid bypassing, you should

Explanation

The correct answer is "be person-minded instead of word-minded." This means that instead of focusing solely on the words being said, one should also consider the person who is speaking and their intentions. By being person-minded, one can better understand the meaning behind the words and avoid misunderstandings or bypassing.

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43. "Snarl" words and "purr" words

Explanation

"Snarl" words and "purr" words are terms used to describe our own feelings and attitudes. These words refer to the way we express ourselves and the emotions we convey through our language. They are not necessarily related to describing specific people or things, but rather reflect our personal perspective and subjective experiences.

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44. According to Deborah Tannen, women speak a language of

Explanation

Deborah Tannen suggests that women speak a language that emphasizes both connection and intimacy. This means that women often prioritize building and maintaining relationships through their communication style. They tend to focus on creating a sense of closeness, understanding, and emotional connection with others. This language style is distinct from men's communication style, which is often more focused on asserting dominance and independence.

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45. When we give evaluative feedback, we

Explanation

When we give evaluative feedback, we make judgments - either positive or negative - based on our own system of values. Evaluative feedback involves expressing our personal opinions or judgments about something. It is subjective in nature and reflects our own beliefs, preferences, and values. This type of feedback allows us to provide an assessment or critique based on our own perspective. It is important to be aware of our biases and consider the impact of our judgments on the recipient of the feedback.

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46. If a concept is very important to a culture, there will probably be only a few words to describe it.

Explanation

In the given statement, it is stated that if a concept is very important to a culture, there will probably be only a few words to describe it. However, this is not necessarily true. In some cases, important concepts may have multiple words or phrases to describe them, showing the complexity and depth of the concept within the culture. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

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47. Meaning is

Explanation

The meaning of a word or phrase can be both denotative and connotative, as it can have a literal definition as well as additional implied meanings. Additionally, meaning can be affected by time and place, as language evolves and certain words or phrases may have different interpretations in different contexts. Furthermore, meaning can also be influenced by gender and culture, as individuals from different backgrounds may interpret words differently based on their own experiences and societal norms. Therefore, all of these factors contribute to the overall meaning of a word or phrase.

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48. Microfacial, or micromomentary, expressions

Explanation

Microfacial, or micromomentary, expressions are believed to reveal actual emotional states. These expressions are subtle and fleeting, often lasting only a fraction of a second. They can include subtle changes in facial muscles, such as a slight raise of an eyebrow or the twitch of a lip. Research suggests that these microexpressions can provide insight into a person's true emotions, as they are difficult to control or fake. By studying these expressions, psychologists and researchers can gain a deeper understanding of human emotions and behavior.

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49. According to Albert Mehrabian, when people are compelled to assume inferior roles, they

Explanation

According to Albert Mehrabian, when people are compelled to assume inferior roles, they tend to lower their heads. This body language gesture signifies submission, lack of confidence, and a willingness to comply with authority. Lowering the head is a common nonverbal cue associated with feelings of inferiority or submissiveness.

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50. Unlike hearing, listening

Explanation

Listening is a deliberate process because it involves actively paying attention and making an effort to understand and interpret the information being heard. Unlike hearing, which is a passive and involuntary act of perceiving sound, listening requires conscious engagement and mental processing. It involves focusing on the speaker, comprehending the message, and responding appropriately. Therefore, listening is not automatic and requires intention and effort.

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51. The number of terms that a given culture has to describe a concept can indicate the controversial nature of that concept.

Explanation

The given statement suggests that the number of terms used by a culture to describe a concept can indicate the controversial nature of that concept. However, this statement is false. The number of terms used by a culture to describe a concept does not necessarily indicate its controversial nature. The number of terms can vary based on various factors such as the complexity of the concept, the cultural context, or the linguistic richness of the culture. Therefore, it is incorrect to assume that the number of terms directly correlates with the controversial nature of a concept.

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52. "A unified system of symbols that permits a sharing of meaning" describes

Explanation

The given correct answer is "language." This is because language is a unified system of symbols that allows individuals to communicate and share meaning. Language encompasses spoken, written, and signed forms of communication, and it enables people to convey their thoughts, ideas, and emotions to others. Through language, individuals can express their experiences, beliefs, and cultural values, facilitating understanding and connection between individuals and communities.

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53. Denotation refers to

Explanation

Denotation refers to the dictionary meaning of a word or phrase. It is the literal or primary meaning of a word, as found in a dictionary or commonly understood by speakers of a language. Denotation is different from connotation, which refers to the associated or secondary meanings of a word.

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54. According to Robert Levine, "those who control others' time . . ."

Explanation

The statement suggests that those who control others' time have power. This implies that having control over someone's time gives individuals a certain level of authority and influence over them. It could mean that they have the ability to dictate how others spend their time, which can impact their actions and decisions. This power dynamic can be seen in various contexts, such as in the workplace or in personal relationships, where individuals who control others' time often have a position of authority or dominance.

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55. Edward Hall uses the term proxemics to refer to

Explanation

The term proxemics, coined by Edward Hall, refers to the use of space as a form of nonverbal communication. Proxemics explores how individuals use and interpret personal space, territoriality, and spatial arrangements to convey meaning and establish social norms. It examines the different distances people maintain in various social interactions and how these distances can vary across cultures. By understanding proxemics, we can gain insights into how individuals communicate and interact with each other through the use of space.

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56. Which of the following is true about "politically correct language"?

Explanation

Politically correct language refers to using words and phrases that are considered more inclusive and respectful towards different groups of people. It may blunt the sharpness of the words we use by avoiding offensive or derogatory language. Additionally, it reveals our sensitivity to the preferences of those with whom we converse, showing that we are considerate of their feelings and beliefs. Therefore, options B and C are true about politically correct language.

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57. The belief that language influences how we interpret the world is called

Explanation

The belief that language influences how we interpret the world is called linguistic determinism. This theory suggests that the structure and vocabulary of a language shape our thoughts and perception of reality. It proposes that language not only reflects our thoughts, but also determines and limits our thinking patterns. This concept implies that different languages may lead to different worldviews and cognitive processes.

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58. In the United States, we prefer to be "upfront and tell it like it is." In contrast, many Asian cultures practice

Explanation

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59. Japanese engage in eye contact _______typical Americans do.

Explanation

Japanese engage in eye contact less than typical Americans do. This means that Japanese people tend to avoid direct eye contact more often than Americans. Eye contact is a cultural behavior that varies across different societies, and in Japanese culture, avoiding prolonged eye contact is seen as a sign of respect and politeness. On the other hand, in American culture, maintaining eye contact is often considered a sign of attentiveness and sincerity. Therefore, the correct answer is "less than".

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60. Artifacts in nonverbal communication include

Explanation

Artifacts in nonverbal communication refer to objects or accessories that a person wears or carries, which can convey meaning or messages without the use of words. Jewelry and clothing are both examples of artifacts in nonverbal communication. Jewelry, such as rings, necklaces, or bracelets, can symbolize personal style, cultural identity, or social status. Clothing choices, including colors, patterns, and styles, can also communicate various messages, such as professionalism, personal expression, or cultural affiliation. Therefore, both jewelry and clothing can serve as important artifacts in nonverbal communication.

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61. Emotions may be expressed on the Internet by using

Explanation

Emoticons are a form of visual representation that can be used to express emotions on the internet. They are typically created by combining different characters or symbols to form a facial expression or gesture that represents a particular emotion. Emoticons are widely used in online communication platforms such as chat rooms, social media, and messaging apps to convey emotions quickly and effectively. Unlike emotional symbols, emotional shorthand, or clip art, emoticons are specifically designed to convey emotions and are commonly recognized and understood by internet users.

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62. Deborah Tannen holds that for men, listening to directions

Explanation

Deborah Tannen believes that men often perceive listening to directions as implying inferiority. According to her, men may feel that asking for directions implies a lack of knowledge or competence, which can be seen as a sign of weakness or inferiority. This perception may lead men to avoid asking for directions unnecessarily, even when they may need them.

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63. According to theorists such as Mehrabian, Knapp, and Birdwhistell, approximately how much of a normal two-person conversation is communicated nonverbally?

Explanation

According to theorists such as Mehrabian, Knapp, and Birdwhistell, approximately 65 percent of a normal two-person conversation is communicated nonverbally. Nonverbal communication includes body language, facial expressions, gestures, and tone of voice. This means that a significant portion of the message being conveyed in a conversation is through nonverbal cues rather than just words.

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64. A person who asks questions about the validity of opinions, evidence, and assumptions has the characteristics of

Explanation

A person who asks questions about the validity of opinions, evidence, and assumptions demonstrates the characteristics of a critical thinker. Critical thinkers are able to analyze information objectively, evaluate the strength of arguments, and challenge assumptions. By questioning the validity of opinions and evidence, they seek to gain a deeper understanding and ensure that their beliefs are well-founded. This behavior is not specific to online communication but is a trait of individuals who engage in critical thinking.

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65. Which of the following statements about words is not true?

Explanation

This statement is not true because a word is not the thing itself, but rather a symbol or representation of the thing. Words are arbitrary and can vary in meaning across different languages and cultures. Additionally, individuals may interpret and respond to words differently based on their own experiences and perspectives.

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66. Words that are discriminatory but are not literally racist are called

Explanation

Code words refer to words or phrases that may not be explicitly racist but are used to convey discriminatory or prejudiced meanings. These words are often used as a substitute for explicitly racist language in order to maintain a semblance of politeness or deniability. By using code words, individuals can express discriminatory views without facing immediate consequences or being called out for their prejudice.

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67. Characteristics of online speak include

Explanation

Online speak is characterized by short sentences, informality, and decreased use of punctuation. This means that when people communicate online, they tend to use shorter sentences, adopt a more casual tone, and often omit or use less punctuation marks compared to formal writing. Therefore, all of these characteristics are true for online speak.

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68. Which of the following statements about smiling is true?

Explanation

All of the statements about smiling are true. Males and females tend to smile when seeking someone else's approval. Women generally smile more frequently than men do. Additionally, women tend to smile even when given negative messages.

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69. Gestures do not have universal meaning. Which of the following meanings for the "OK" gesture, made by forming a circle with the thumb and forefinger, is not true?

Explanation

The given answer states that in France, the "OK" gesture means you're worth everything. However, this statement is not true. The "OK" gesture made by forming a circle with the thumb and forefinger does not have the meaning of "you're worth everything" in France.

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70. Speech-thought differential refers to the fact that we can speak faster than we can think.

Explanation

The statement that "we can speak faster than we can think" is false. Speech-thought differential actually refers to the delay between the time we think of something and the time we actually speak it. This delay can vary depending on the individual and the situation, but it generally takes longer to formulate thoughts into speech than it does to think them. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

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71. Most people would estimate that they listen at about 75 percent efficiency; that is, they retain about 75 percent of what is said. In fact, according to research, this estimate is

Explanation

The correct answer is "a reversal of the truth: Most people lose 75 percent of what is said." This means that the estimate of retaining 75 percent of what is said is incorrect and that most people actually lose 75 percent of what is said.

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72. Which is the best explanation of the difference between hearing and listening?

Explanation

The answer suggests that listening is influenced more by our personal characteristics and experiences than hearing. This implies that our individual traits, beliefs, and values can shape how we interpret and understand what we hear. In contrast, hearing is a sensory process that involves the reception and perception of sound waves without the same level of personal influence.

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73. The "triangle of meaning" shows that

Explanation

The "triangle of meaning" refers to the relationship between words, thoughts, and things. It suggests that there is no direct relationship between words and things. Instead, words are symbols that represent thoughts or concepts in our minds, which then refer to the things or objects in the real world. This means that the connection between words and things is mediated by our thoughts and interpretations. Therefore, the correct answer is that there is no direct relationship between words and things.

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74. Which of these descriptions fits male speech patterns?

Explanation

Male speech patterns tend to involve fewer disclaimers compared to female speech patterns. Disclaimers are phrases or statements that are used to soften the impact of what is being said or to indicate uncertainty. Men generally use less of these disclaimers in their speech, which can make their communication more direct and assertive.

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75.  When there is an incongruity between verbal and nonverbal messages, you would probably benefit by

Explanation

When there is an incongruity between verbal and nonverbal messages, paying greater attention to the nonverbal message would be beneficial. Nonverbal cues such as body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice often provide more accurate information about a person's true feelings or intentions compared to their verbal words. By focusing on the nonverbal cues, one can better understand the underlying message being conveyed and avoid potential misunderstandings.

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76. When we practice civil inattention, we

Explanation

Civil inattention refers to the social norm of briefly acknowledging the presence of others without intruding or engaging in prolonged eye contact or interaction. By letting our eyes rest only momentarily on another person, we are demonstrating politeness and respect while maintaining personal boundaries. This behavior allows us to acknowledge others without invading their privacy or making them uncomfortable.

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77. Eye contact and lack of eye contact give us certain types of information, including letting us know

Explanation

Eye contact and lack of eye contact can provide us with various types of information. It can indicate that a communication channel is open, suggesting that the person is receptive to engaging in conversation. It can also give us insight into how we are being perceived by others, as eye contact can convey interest, attentiveness, or even assertiveness. Additionally, lack of eye contact can indicate that someone wants to end an interaction, as avoiding eye contact can be a way of signaling disinterest or discomfort. Therefore, all of these options are valid explanations for the given answer.

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78. Semifixed-feature space includes

Explanation

Semifixed-feature space refers to a space that includes both fixed and flexible features. In this case, the semifixed-feature space includes chairs, benches, sofas, and plants. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of these" as all the mentioned items are part of the semifixed-feature space.

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79. On the average, about how much of our communicative time is spent listening?

Explanation

The correct answer is 75 percent. This means that, on average, a significant portion of our communicative time is spent listening. Listening is an essential aspect of communication as it allows us to understand and interpret what others are saying. It is important to actively listen and pay attention to the speaker in order to effectively communicate and respond.

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80. A type of nonevaluative response is

Explanation

Paraphrasing is a type of nonevaluative response where one restates or rephrases what someone else has said in order to ensure understanding or to clarify the meaning. It involves summarizing the main points or ideas without adding any personal opinions or judgments. Understanding and misunderstanding are not types of responses, but rather the outcomes of a response. Therefore, the correct answer is paraphrasing.

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81. Which behavior more accurately describes the listening patterns of females?

Explanation

This answer suggests that females may ask strangers for directions even if they appear to be confident about their destination. This behavior implies that they are open to seeking help and are willing to listen to others, even if they may not necessarily need it. This behavior contradicts the notion that females find it harder to listen due to their need for independence or that listening implies inferiority.

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82. Sapir and Whorf postulated that in many ways

Explanation

Sapir and Whorf postulated that words help mold our perception of reality. They believed that language shapes the way we think and perceive the world around us. This means that the words we use can influence our understanding and interpretation of events, objects, and experiences. In the context of the question, Sapir and Whorf's theory suggests that the Japanese language may have specific linguistic features that contribute to societal norms and expectations regarding the roles and behavior of women.

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83. Kinesics probably varies less than haptics across cultures.

Explanation

The statement suggests that kinesics (the study of body language and nonverbal communication) varies less than haptics (the study of touch and physical contact) across cultures. The correct answer is false because research has shown that both kinesics and haptics can vary significantly across different cultures. Different cultures may have different gestures, facial expressions, and body language that convey different meanings, and the acceptability and appropriateness of touch can also vary greatly across cultures. Therefore, both kinesics and haptics can be influenced by cultural differences.

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84. Listening is a very important skill to master because

Explanation

Listening is a crucial skill to master because it is at the core of poor communication between spouses and parents and their children. Additionally, we spend more time in communication listening rather than speaking, and listening is the primary way we receive information. Therefore, all of these reasons contribute to the importance of mastering the skill of listening.

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85. Red flag words

Explanation

Red flag words can vary from one person to the next, as different individuals may have different triggers or sensitivities. These words have the potential to cause the listener to react emotionally, as they can evoke strong feelings or negative associations. Additionally, red flag words may reduce our listening efficiency to zero, as they can distract us from the main message and prevent effective communication. Therefore, it is accurate to say that red flag words can have all of these effects on a listener.

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86. When people "bypass" one another, they use

Explanation

"Bypassing" refers to the situation where people use different words to represent the same thing, as well as using the same word but giving it different meanings. This means that there is both a variation in the words used to represent the same thing and a variation in the meanings assigned to the same word.

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87. Which of the following is not included in the study of kinesics?

Explanation

Kinesics is the study of nonverbal communication, including gestures, facial expressions, and posture. However, voice is not typically included in the study of kinesics, as it falls under the domain of paralanguage, which focuses on vocal cues such as tone, pitch, and volume.

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88.  Which of the following distance is used most often during a normal conversation with friends?

Explanation

During a normal conversation with friends, the distance that is used most often is personal. Personal distance is typically around 1.5 to 4 feet and is used when having close and intimate conversations with friends. This distance allows for a comfortable level of closeness while still maintaining personal space.

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89. Which of these is not on Knapp and Hall's list of nonverbal communication functions?

Explanation

Knapp and Hall's list of nonverbal communication functions includes message negation, message accentuation, and message regulation. However, message reversal is not mentioned on their list. Message reversal refers to the act of completely changing the meaning or intention of a message, which is not specifically addressed in their categorization of nonverbal communication functions.

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90. Which of these areas is least affected by culture?

Explanation

Visual dominance refers to the tendency of visual cues to dominate other sensory inputs in communication. It is a concept that is less influenced by culture because visual cues, such as body language and facial expressions, are often universal and easily understood across different cultures. While culture can still play a role in how visual cues are interpreted and expressed, the impact is generally less significant compared to other areas like haptics (touch), chronemics (time), and kinesics (body movements).

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91. Nonevaluative feedback is designed to

Explanation

Nonevaluative feedback is designed to learn more about someone else's feelings. This type of feedback focuses on understanding the emotions and perspectives of others without making judgments or giving personal opinions. It helps to create a safe and open environment for communication, allowing individuals to express themselves without fear of criticism or evaluation. By actively listening and providing nonevaluative feedback, we can gain insight into the thoughts, experiences, and emotions of others, fostering empathy and deeper connections.

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92. A common danger of serial communication is that

Explanation

Serial communication refers to the process of transmitting data one bit at a time over a single communication line. One common danger of serial communication is that ideas or information being transmitted can become distorted by as much as 80 percent. This distortion can occur due to various factors such as noise, interference, or errors in the transmission process. It is important to be aware of this potential distortion and take measures to minimize it in order to ensure accurate and reliable communication.

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93. Which statement is an inaccurate description of feedback?

Explanation

This statement is an inaccurate description of feedback because it states that verbal feedback is a more reliable way to communicate your reaction than nonverbal feedback. In reality, both verbal and nonverbal feedback can be equally reliable in communicating one's reaction. Nonverbal cues such as body language, facial expressions, and gestures can often convey emotions and reactions more accurately than words alone. Therefore, it is incorrect to claim that verbal feedback is always more reliable than nonverbal feedback.

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94. Paraphrasing

Explanation

Paraphrasing is a technique used to rephrase someone else's message in order to show that you understand it. It is a useful way to demonstrate a willingness to understand and is often used in the process of nonevaluative feedback. Therefore, the correct answer is that paraphrasing is described by all of the above statements.

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95. When we take time to look beyond words and inspect the thing itself, our orientation is said to be

Explanation

The term "intensional" refers to looking beyond the surface level or literal meaning of words and instead focusing on the underlying concept or idea. This means that when we inspect the thing itself, rather than just the words used to describe it, our orientation is considered intensional. This involves considering the deeper meaning, connotations, and associations associated with the object or concept.

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96. Researcher Shana Vogel determined that the average adult blinks   _____ times a minute.

Explanation

The given answer of 10-20 times is correct because researcher Shana Vogel determined that the average adult blinks between 10-20 times a minute.

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______________ dictates that flaming is inappropriate.
All of the kinds of human responses not expressed in words are called...
The term haptics refers to
Chronemics refers to
Meaningless sounds in speech are called
According to Daniel Goleman, empathic listeners are effective at
Benjamin Whorf believed that our words determine the reality that we...
Culture determines a person's style of response – whether to be...
The person who initiates touch is usually the one with higher status.
One possible reason that men have more ulcers than women is that males...
Jargon is appropriate if the receiver is familiar with it.
One function of nonverbal communication is to negate a verbal message.
A speaker can use his or her eye movements to express nonverbal...
Prejudiced language communicates a negative bias.
Ethnic mixing is changing the face of attractiveness in advertising.
The listener who leans away from the person talking and avoids eye...
Margo chastised her brother for using negative words. She is...
With regard to eye gaze, Bandler and Grinder theorize that
Voice mail is an example of asynchronous listening.
Listening to your iPod or watching a movie are examples of...
Symbols and what they represent are independent of one another.
Disclaimers diminish a statement's importance.
The connotative meaning of a word is
Which of the following statements about "powertalkers" is most...
A euphemism
Which of the following factors would have the least impact on the...
According to your text,
The verbal and nonverbal messages that a person consciously or...
Empathic or empathetic listening is intended
Visualization, paraphrasing, and repetition are examples of
In a serial communication, we may distort the message before passing...
Which of the following statements is true?
The "triangle of meaning" was developed by
Which of these is not an aspect of kinesics?
When we mask an emotion, we
When we use "I" messages, we
Paralanguage includes all but which of the following?
Facial expressions that accompany the communication of multiple...
Which statement concerning formative feedback is true?
According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,
According to Robin Lakoff, which of the following groups has a...
To avoid bypassing, you should
"Snarl" words and "purr" words
According to Deborah Tannen, women speak a language of
When we give evaluative feedback, we
If a concept is very important to a culture, there will probably be...
Meaning is
Microfacial, or micromomentary, expressions
According to Albert Mehrabian, when people are compelled to assume...
Unlike hearing, listening
The number of terms that a given culture has to describe a concept can...
"A unified system of symbols that permits a sharing of meaning"...
Denotation refers to
According to Robert Levine, "those who control others' time . . ."
Edward Hall uses the term proxemics to refer to
Which of the following is true about "politically correct language"?
The belief that language influences how we interpret the world is...
In the United States, we prefer to be "upfront and tell it like it...
Japanese engage in eye contact _______typical Americans do.
Artifacts in nonverbal communication include
Emotions may be expressed on the Internet by using
Deborah Tannen holds that for men, listening to directions
According to theorists such as Mehrabian, Knapp, and Birdwhistell,...
A person who asks questions about the validity of opinions, evidence,...
Which of the following statements about words is not true?
Words that are discriminatory but are not literally racist are called
Characteristics of online speak include
Which of the following statements about smiling is true?
Gestures do not have universal meaning. Which of the following...
Speech-thought differential refers to the fact that we can speak...
Most people would estimate that they listen at about 75 percent...
Which is the best explanation of the difference between hearing and...
The "triangle of meaning" shows that
Which of these descriptions fits male speech patterns?
 When there is an incongruity between verbal and nonverbal...
When we practice civil inattention, we
Eye contact and lack of eye contact give us certain types of...
Semifixed-feature space includes
On the average, about how much of our communicative time is spent...
A type of nonevaluative response is
Which behavior more accurately describes the listening patterns of...
Sapir and Whorf postulated that in many ways
Kinesics probably varies less than haptics across cultures.
Listening is a very important skill to master because
Red flag words
When people "bypass" one another, they use
Which of the following is not included in the study of kinesics?
 Which of the following distance is used most often during a...
Which of these is not on Knapp and Hall's list of nonverbal...
Which of these areas is least affected by culture?
Nonevaluative feedback is designed to
A common danger of serial communication is that
Which statement is an inaccurate description of feedback?
Paraphrasing
When we take time to look beyond words and inspect the thing itself,...
Researcher Shana Vogel determined that the average adult...
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